Judaism

A people

Calling them of people includes those who are firm believers in the Jewish religion, supporters of Israel's progress in becoming Jewish homeland. It also refers to those choose who are not religious and don't support Israel but are aware of the religious/Jewish roots

Bris

Circumcision of baby

Kosher laws = Kashrut

Kosher = anything clean or pure Kosher food= anything made in accordance with Jewish laws derived from Leviticus 3 types of food: 1. Kosher- in natural state- fruits veggies and nuts 2. Not kosher- pork, shellfish, meat with dairy 3. Kosher(made kosher) by making it according to Jewish laws in a special fashion

Jewish Dietary Laws- kashrut

Kosher- Kosher means food that is permitted to be eaten according to Jewish dietary laws. Jews derive these laws primarily from Leviticus -food that is naturally kosher grows from the ground or from trees. In a natural state - Who that is not kosher includes animals that do not shoe there tried, fish that don't have fins and scales - Lamb chicken and beef can be made kosher as long as they are slaughtered according to Jewish law - you cannot eat meat with dairy, and you have to wait at least three hours before eating dairy after eating meat

Worship in the synagogue

Many Jews gather at the synagogue every Shabbat, rabbis are the spiritual leaders of Jewish communities - they give sermons at synagogues and represent their community

Tefilin

Bind words of mitzvot in hand and mind

Bar/ bat mitzvah

Boys 13 and girls 12- 13 take part in a coming of age ceremony where they have a party and go to a service

Jewish Sacred Scriptures

Tenakh(TNK) Talmud Halakhah( Mishnah)

Inside a synagogue Scrolls

The Torah is kept in the ark, it is 60 m long, it is made from animal skin that is been dried and written on and special Ink,pointers used to read the words on the scrolls of school is not touched and is not worn out

Diaspora

The dispersion or scattering of Jews outside of Israel in both ancient and modern times

The Jewish race?

The idea of a Jewish race is wrong, there's only one race of people... The human race! Jews are included in the somatic group of people, so are other groups of people like Muslims

Zionism

The persecution Jews experienced in Europe fuelled a desire to return to the land God promised them A movement to establish a national Jewish state in Palestine

Central Beliefs The Shema Prayer

This is the Jewish creed of faith. It comes from the book of Deuteronomy 6:4-9. It is said daily as part of morning prayers, and can also be found inside mezuzahs. "Hear, O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one."

Tikkun olam

Tikkun Olam is Judaism envisioning an ideal world. Often translated to mean 'repair of the world', and even as social justice, tikkun olam underpins our religious way of life and perspective that works towards a time of peace - not just ending war, but a time of prosperity, health and justice for all.

Talit

Shawl with fringes

Seder plate

- Charoset (chopped apples, nuts,sweet wine) represents the mortar used to assemble egyptian stone houses - Karpas( a green vegetable or herb) dipped in salt water to represent tears - beitzah( a roasted hard boiled egg) represents the cycle of life and the temple of sacrifice - zeroah( roasted lamb or veal shankbone) commemorates the ancient Passover sacrifice Mar'or(bitter herb like horseradish) the bitterness of slavery Chazeret( another bitter herb) the bitterness of slavery Matzoh(unleavened bread)- ancient Israelites ate

Synagogue

- Is the place were Jews go to worship God - The building is also used as the place were Jewish children are taught about the religion and learn Hebrew - Three purposes of a synagogue: place of worship, place of study, please of social gathering. - Inside the synagogue: the most important thing in the synagogue is the arc, a special cover in the front of the main room. And some synagogues there are men and women only sections. The bimah is a table where the scrolls are read from

Three branches of Judaism

- Orthodox - strict, fold the rules exactly, not adopting modernism - Conservative - middle/mix of both - Reform - adapt to new ideas and allow women to be Rabbis

Tenakh

- core teachings of Jewish faith 3 parts : Torah - 💙of the Jewish faith - most important - hand written on scrolls - teaches what God is like and how to live - includes rules for worship, festivals....... Nevi' im- books about history - teachings of prophets (prophet= one who speaks for) - some parts read in synagogue, others read at home Ketuvim- stories from history - Psalms are most used - others used for festivals or holy days - books of wisdom

Holocaust ( Shoah)

- during WWII -16 to 20 million people killed - 6 million of them were Jews - jews were viewed as being inferior so they were sent to concentration in labor camps - at these camps selection process began we're men, women, elderly, sick role separated and most went to gas chambers or died by starvation and exhaustion

Hasidism

- founder is Israel ben Eliezer - he taught communion with God happens through prayer, good deeds, humility and joy - identified by dress - strict observance of Jewish laws - main Jewish mystical teachings

Kabbalah

- main Jewish mystic teachings - God has no boundaries in either time or space - The essence of God is "Ein Sof" = without end

Mishnah/ halakhah (oral Torah)

- rabbis interpretation of the Torah - six sections include - agriculture, festivals, civil/criminal laws, marriage/divorce, temple sacrifice and dietary laws, ritual purification - began as an oral tradition, debates, and opinions -contains how to apply the 10 Commandments

Ark

- vessel keeping Torah Major stories in the Torah include the creation story, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, king David

Christianity: A Jewish Movement

- with the destruction of the Temple the movement between the Jews and Non Jews changed (movement that began with Jesus of Nazareth) - the movement included the Jews and non Jews who believed Jesus was the long awaited Messiah - Jesus' followers were called the Christians - Christians presented Jesus as the fulfillment of God's covenant with Israel

Mitzvot

613 laws - sacred scripture that gives guidelines for how an obedient - guidelines= mitzvot One guideline= a mitzvah

Shiva

7 day period of mourning

Synagogues

Define: The building were Jews go to worship, a place were Jewish children are taught about the religion and Hebrew Three purposes: 1.place of worship [sabbath] 2.place of study [Hebrew school] 3. Place of social gathering (youth group) Inside: - ark- most important,piece of cupboard at front - some have men and women only sections - Bimab - table where scrolls are read from Scroll: - Torah kept in ark - 60 metres long - made from animal skins - pointer used to read scroll so the scroll isn't touched (preservation) Mantle: cover that protects the Torah Ever burning lamp: symbolizes God is always present, front of ark Worship: - many Jews gather every Shabbat - rabbis are spiritual leaders who give sermons

Inside a synagogue The Mantle

Each Torah scroll has the special cover called a mantle which is used to protect it from damage

Tzitzit

Fringes on garments to remind us of mitzvot

Inside a synagogue Ever burning lamp

In front of the ark is a lamp in which the flame never goes out called the ever burning, it reminds Jews that God is present

Talmud

Interpretation of the Mishnah

A Jewish nation?

Israel is no longer a Jewish nation, most of the worlds Jews live outside Israel. Not everyone in Israel is in fact JewisH

Messiah

Jews believe that God will send a saviour, Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah

Central beliefs Sinai Covenant

Messages derived from the covenent: - Chosen People- God told Abraham that many nations would come from his family line. This demonstrates the idea of a people chosen by God to do God's will, which means that these people must, in turn, choose to do God's will. In this case, choice is reciprocal. Some anti-Semitism has been based on this idea of chosen people, but this is a misunderstanding. Jews do not see themselves as superior. Rather as in a partnership between humanity and God. - Promised Land- as part of the covenant, God promised Alanta these people. Jews believe that this promise land is Israel - Messiah- jews believe that God will send a great leader to the world who will bring harmony and peace. They viewed the time of the messiah as a period of divine kingship and believe the reign of God will be clearly evident - World to come- The Jewish faith also maintains the belief that God will provide a future time of peace and prosperity for Jewish people

Mezuzah

On the doorpost of Jewish homes to remind them of Gods presence

Maimonides

Philosopher who wrote 13 articles of Faith

Intro to the Jews

Referred to as Israelites and Hebrews throughout History - Israelites because their ancestor Jacob was called Israel -hebrews because thats the name of the nomadic people of which they were a part of

Rabbis

Reform Jews and conservative Jews allowed women to be rabbis as well as man

A religious group

Religious Jews ;anyone who believes in the Jewish God, follows Jewish traditions and obeys religious laws. Someone whose mother is Jewish is also considered Jewish [ethnic Jew] even if they are non religious

Central Beliefs 13 Articles of Faith

Unofficial creed for Jews, represent the summary of the Jewish bible, the Talmud and the Jewish history. The first three have been accepted as absolute 1. God is the Creator 2. There is only one God 3. God is not human 4. God is forever 5. Pray only to God 6. Word of prophets are true 7. Moses is the father of the prophets 8. Torah does not change 9. Torah is forever 10. God is all-knowing 11. God rewards and punishes 12. Messiah is coming 13. Revival of dead (afterlife)

Rosh Hashanah

When Celebrated? - late September, early October - 1st day of Tishri Significance? - days of returning - recall creation story - beginning of Jewish year - make promises to do better How Celebrated? - marathon of services - sounding of shofar - apples dipped in honey= sweet new year - repair relationships

Yom Kippur

When Celebrated? -10th day of Tishri around sept-off After ten days of awe Significance? - remember God's kindness and love - ask for forgiveness of God and others - remember good things promised to do How Celebrated? Jews fast for 25 hours - don't shower or anoint with deodorant or sprays - prayer book= machzor -wear white - do not wear leather

Sukkot

When Celebrated? -15-21 days of Tishri Significance? - temporary huts he Jews lived in in the desert (exodus - thanksgiving for fruit harvest How Celebrated? - Jews build sukkah (huts) that they eat and sleep in for 7 days - synagogue service

Purim

When Celebrated? 14th day of Jewish month Adar Late winter early spring Significance? Queen Esther's story: the king had a bad encounter with a new and wanted to kill all of them but queen Esther saved them How Celebrated? - story of Esther is read - people use rattles or whistles in celebration - plays and carnivals

Hanukkah

When Celebrated? 6- 14 of December 8 days in total Significance? - victorious battle for religious freedom - becoming less important but popular bc close to Christmas How Celebrated? - spin driedl - light menorah or hannukkiah

Passover or Pesach

When Celebrated? 7-8 day celebration 15- 23rd days of Hebrew month Nissan (around April) Significance? - celebrates God liberating the Israelites from Egyptian bondage - most important holiday - commemorates the release of the Hebrew people from slavery in Egypt How Celebrated? Seder meal Retell story of exodus(release from Egypt) Break bread and have wine Prayer Hand wash

Shavuot

When Celebrated? After Passover May 23- 25 Significance? The day Judaism was born - revelation of 5 books of the Torah How Celebrated? Begins with a service - flowers of Shavout - Moses climbed mount Sinai and 10 commandments were given

Shabbat

When Celebrated? Sunset Friday to sunset Saturday Significance? - God created earth and on the 7th day he rested How Celebrated? Candles lit, eat challah braided bread, have wine, service, prayer - kiddush,

Conservative

When formed? Early 19th century Place of Worship? Synagogue Practices on Sabbath? - permits modification and modernization of observances - traditional dress only at services - uses Hebrew during worship - men and women sit separately - females rabbis allowed - larger number male rabbis Torah? Subscribes to the divine authority of the Torah but respects biblical scholarship - accepts laws as binding How they view their place in society? Followers are encouraged to be a part of their community but not to overcome them

Reform/ Liberal

When formed? Early 20th century Place of Worship? Temple Practices on Sabbath? - no traditional garb - eliminated repetition of prayers - Intro to musical instruments and choirs - modified liturgy - language of the community used - sermon by Rabbi is the focal point - no dietary laws - men and women sit together - female rabbis allowed Torah? - commandment lacking in moral purpose (613 laws) - does not see Jewish law and tradition as divine in origin How they view their place in society? - active part of communities - do not isolate themselves

Orthodox

When formed? Oldest and largest branch worldwide Place of Worship? Synagogue Practices on Sabbath? - strict dietary laws - strict attention to details of customs - wear traditional skull cap, prayer shawl - prayers exclusively in Hebrew - req'd to do nothing on the Sabbath but worship God - men and women sit separately - no female rabbis Torah? Literal interpretation accepts laws as binding How they view their place in society? - believe Jews will lose their spiritual heritage if they adapt to the modern world - live separately within large cities