Kalat ch. 9

REM sleep is characterized by what?

A high level of brain activity

An electroencephalograph displays:

A net average of the neurons' potentials in the cortex under the electrode.

Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon:

Awakes a sleeping individual

Night terrors are most common in.... during....

Children, NREM sleep

Is it possible to determine a person's stage of sleep through which kids of monitoring?

EEG and eye movements

For a normal person, which part of a night's sleep contains the largest percentage of stage 4 sleep?

Early in the night

What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?

It resembles relaxed wakefulness in some ways and deep sleep in other ways.

What would most likely help someone adjust to jet lag?

Keeping the room light when you need to stay awake at your destination

In response to meaningful events, the locus coeruleus releases:

Norephinephrine

Facial twitches are most characteristic of which stage of sleep?

REM

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

Relaxed wakefulness

With each succeeding stage of sleep (from 1 to 4):

Slow, large-amplitude waves increase in number

What occurs as a normal night's sleep progresses?

Stage 4 decreases, while REM increases.

paradoxical sleep

The type of sleep encountered during REM when internally, the brain and body are active; while externally, the body appears calm and inactive

What is the best way to determine if an individual who claims to never dream does, in fact, have dreams?

Wake them up during REM sleep and ask them if they have been dreaming.

What is actives by the reticular formation?

Wide regions of the entire cerebral cortex

A sharp high-amplitude negative wave followed by a smaller, slower, positive wave is called:

a K-complex

In the absence of any light, dark, or time cues, human circadian rhythms:

become slightly longer than 24 hrs.

After a cut through the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures, an animal:

enters a prolonged state of sleep.

zeitgeber

environmental cue that resets a biological clock

Compared to the earlier part, the later part of a night's sleep:

includes a larger percentage of REM sleep.

What do the EEG waves look like when brain activity is "desynchronized"?

irregular waves with low amplitude

During REM sleep, the EEG shows:

irregular, low-voltage fast waves

PGO waves

pons geniculate occipital

The ...... is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.

reticular formation

What is also known as slow-wave sleep?

stages 3 and 4

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body:

still has rhythms, but they are less consistent.

The surest way to disrupt the biological clock is to damage the:

suprachiasmatic nucleus