Kanjit yleisyyden mukaan uutiset 2015 (1-100)

回

-times, round, game, revolve, counter for occurrences Kun: まわ.る、 -まわ.る、 -まわ.り、 まわ.す、 -まわ.す、 まわ.し-、 -まわ.し、 (もとお.る、 か.える) 回り道/まわりみち = detour; diversion 根回し/ねまわし = making necessary arrangements; laying the groundwork, digging around the roots of a tree (before transplanting) 回る/まわる = to turn; to revolve, to visit several places, to function well, to pass a certain time 回す/まわす = to turn; to rotate; to spin; to twist; to gyrate, to pass around; to send around; to hand around; to circulate, to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to bring; to transfer; to forward; to direct; to submit, to turn on (something that turns or has a rotating part, e.g. a washing machine); to start up (e.g. an engine); to give (something) a spin 回り/まわり = rotation, making the rounds, spreading, by way of; via, round; turn, size 後回し/あとまわし = putting off; postponing 上回る/うわまわる = to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to surpass; to be more than; to be better than​ 遠回り/とおまわり = detour; roundabout way On: カイ、 (エ) 回転/かいてん = rotation (usu. around something); revolution; turning 回路/かいろ = circuit (electric) 回復/かいふく = restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; return; replevin; improvement, ​recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence 回/かい = counter for occurrences, a time; an instance, episode; chapter; instalment​ 今回/こんかい = now; this time; lately 回答/かいとう = reply; answer 回数/かいすう = number of times; frequency; count 回収/かいしゅう = collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval 回覧/かいらん = circulation (esp. documents); sending round

円

circle, yen, round (Kun: まる.い、 まる、 まど、 まど.か、 まろ.やか) On: エン 円/えん = yen; Japanese monetary unit, circle​ 円満/えんまん = harmonious; peaceful; happy; amicable; smooth; free from trouble 円滑/えんかつ = smooth; undisturbed; uninterrupted; harmonious 円柱/えんちゅう = column; shaft; cylinder​ 円高/えんだか = appreciation of the yen; strong yen; strengthening of the yen; high-valued yen; exchange in favor of the yen (favour) 円安/えんやす = cheap yen 円卓/えんたく = round table 円相場/えんそうば = yen exchange rate 円形/えんけい = round shape; circle; circular form 円熟/えんじゅく = ripeness; mellowness; maturity; perfection

国

country Kun: くに 国/くに = country; state, region, national government; central government, home (i.e. hometown, home country) On: コク 外国人/がいこくじん = foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese (国境/こっきょう = national border; provincial border) 国民/こくみん = people (of a country); nation; citizen; national (国家/こっか = state; country; nation) 国語/こくご = national language, Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan) 外国/がいこく = foreign country 国籍/こくせき = nationality; citizenship, nationality (ship, airplane, etc.); registration; flag 天国/てんごく = paradise; heaven; Kingdom of Heaven 国土/こくど = country; territory; domain; realm (国会/こっかい = National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-), legislative assembly; parliament; congress) 全国/ぜんこく = countrywide; nationwide; whole country; national 国王/こくおう = king; queen; monarch; sovereign 国立/こくりつ = national 国防/こくぼう = national defence; national defense 国産/こくさん = domestic; domestically-produced; produced within a country 外国語/がいこくご = foreign language 国際/こくさい = international

東

east Kun: ひがし 東/ひがし = east On: トウ 東洋/とうよう = Orient 東西/とうざい = east and west 中東/ちゅうとう = Middle East 関東/かんとう = Kanto; region consisting of Tokyo and surrounding prefectures 東京/とうきょう = Tokyo

目

eye, class, look, insight, experience, care, favor Kun: め、 -め、 [ま-] 目/め = eye; eyeball, eyesight; sight; vision, look; stare; gaze; glance, notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.), an experience, viewpoint, discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality), appearance, spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave, grain (of wood), eye (of a storm, needle, etc.), [somewhat; -ish] [駄目/だめ = no good; not serving its purpose; useless; broken, hopeless; wasted; in vain; purposeless, cannot; must not; not allowed] 真面目/まじめ = serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady 役目/やくめ = duty; role; function 目印/めじるし = mark; sign; landmark; benchmark 目立つ/めだつ = to be conspicuous; to stand out 目覚まし/めざまし = alarm clock​, waking up; keeping oneself awake, type of candy given to a child after it wakes up from a nap​ [目茶苦茶/めちゃくちゃ = absurd; unreasonable; nonsensical; preposterous; incoherent​, extreme; senseless; reckless; wanton​, disorderly; chaotic; confused; messy, incredibly; really; so; super]​ [目眩/めまい = dizziness; giddiness; vertigo] [出鱈目/でたらめ = nonsense; irresponsible remark; codswallop; hogwash; rubbish​, random; haphazard; unsystematic​]​ 目上/めうえ = superior; superiors; senior 目出度い/めでたい = [happy; auspicious; propitious; joyous]​, naive 目覚める/めざめる = to wake up; to awake, to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to become conscious of; to realize, to come to one's senses 目覚ましい/めざましい = remarkable; striking; brilliant; splendid; spectacular; wonderful 目つき/めつき = look (in someone's eyes); expression (of the eyes); eyes 目盛り/めもり = gradations (on a ruler, thermometer, etc.); division; scale 目方/めかた = weight On: モク、 [ボク] 目/もく = order, item (of a budget revision, etc.) 注目/ちゅうもく = notice; attention; observation 科目/かもく = (school) subject; curriculum; course 項目/こうもく = item; heading; category; clause, 目的/もくてき = purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention 目標/もくひょう = mark; objective; target 目録/もくろく = catalogue; catalog; inventory; index; list, certificate indicating an impending gift 目撃/もくげき = witnessing; observing; sighting

行

going, journey, carry out, conduct, act, line, row, bank Kun: い.く、 ゆ.く、 -ゆ.き、 -ゆき、 -い.き、 -いき、 おこな.う、 おこ.なう 行く/いく = to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to head (towards); to be transported (towards); to reach, to proceed; to take place​, to pass through; to come and go, to walk, to do (in a specific way), to stream; to flow, to continue, [to have an orgasm; to come; to cum, to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination] 行う/おこなう = to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out [行けない/いけない = wrong; not good; of no use, hopeless; past hope​, must not do​] 行き成り/いきなり = abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning 行ってらっしゃい/いってらっしゃい = have a good day; take care; see you​ 行い/おこない = deed; act; action; conduct; behavior; behaviour; asceticism (遣る/やる = to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study, to send; to dispatch; to despatch, to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.), to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer, to make (a vehicle) go faster, to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise​, to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke, to hold (a performance); to perform; to show, to ease (one's mind), to harm; to injure; to kill​, to have sex with, to live; to get by; to get along, to do ... completely​, to do ... broadly; to do ... to a great distance​to do ... for (someone of equal or lower status); to do ... to (sometimes with negative nuance)​, to make active efforts to ...​ [myös 行る]) 売れ行き/うれゆき = sales; demand On: コウ、 ギョウ、 アン 旅行/りょこう = travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour 飛行機/ひこうき = aeroplane; airplane; aircraft 銀行/ぎんこう = bank 飛行場/ひこうじょう = airfield; airport 行/ぎょう = line (i.e. of text); row; verse 並行/へいこう = going side-by-side; going abreast, running concurrently; occurring at the same time; keeping pace with 行/こう = going; travelling (traveling), district (of similar merchants); guild​ 行動/こうどう = action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation, Behavior 急行/きゅうこう = hurrying (to somewhere); rushing; hastening​, express (train)​(lyhenne) 行列/ぎょうれつ = line; queue; procession; parade 行政/ぎょうせい = administration; governance; the authorities; authority 行儀/ぎょうぎ = manners; behavior; behaviour​ 行事/ぎょうじ = event; function 実行/じっこう = execution (e.g. of a plan); carrying out; practice; action; implementation; fulfillment; realization 行為/こうい = act; deed; conduct 発行/はっこう = publication; issue (of journal, newspaper, etc.), issue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.) 飛行/ひこう = aviation; flight; flying, to fly; to take a flight 通行/つうこう = passage (of people, traffic); passing, common usage 行進/こうしん = march; parade 行員/こういん = bank clerk​ 孝行/こうこう = filial piety​, showing devotion (to someone)

生

life, genuine, birth Kun: い.きる、 い.かす、 い.ける、 う.まれる、 うま.れる、 う.まれ、 うまれ、 う.む、 (お.う、 は.える、 は.やす)、 き、 なま、 なま-、 な.る、 な.す、 (む.す)、 -う 生/なま = raw; uncooked; fresh, natural; as it is; unedited; unprocessed, unprotected (sex)​, live (i.e. not recorded), inexperienced; unpolished; green; crude, impudence; sauciness, unpasteurized beer; draft beer; draught beer, just a little; somehow; vaguely; partially; somewhat; half-; semi-​, insufficient; incomplete; half-baked; half-hearted; perfunctory, 生/き = pure; undiluted; raw; crude 生/いく = vital; virile; lively​ 生/ふ = area of thick growth (of trees, grass, etc.)​ 生きる/いきる = to live; to exist, to make a living; to subsist, to be in effect; to be in use; to function, to come to life; to be enlivened, to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.) 生まれる/うまれる = to be born 生き物/いきもの = living thing; living creature; animal; life 生地/きじ = cloth; fabric; material; texture, dough; batter, inherent quality; one's true character; one's true colours, skin with no make-up 生まれ/うまれ = birth; birthplace, born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.) (生憎/あいにく = unfortunately; Sorry, but ...​) 生け花/いけばな = ikebana; Japanese art of flower arrangement, fresh flower; natural flower​ On: セイ、 ショウ 先生/せんせい = teacher; instructor; master, Sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.​ 誕生日/たんじょうび = birthday 人生/じんせい = (human) life (i.e. conception to death) 生/せい = life; living 生活/せいかつ = living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood 生産/せいさん = production; manufacture 生命/せいめい = life; existence 生物/せいぶつ = living thing; organism; creature; life 誕生/たんじょう = birth; creation; formation 学生/がくせい = student (esp. a university student) 生徒/せいと = pupil; student; schoolchild 留学生/りゅうがくせい = overseas student; exchange student 生じる/しょうじる = to produce; to yield; to cause​, to result from; to arise; to be generated​ 一生懸命/いっしょうけんめい = very hard; with utmost effort; with all one's might; for dear life​ 高校生/こうこうせい = senior high school student 衛生/えいせい = hygiene; sanitation; health 大学生/だいがくせい = university student; college student 畜生/ちくしょう = beast (i.e. any animal other than man), brute (i.e. a contemptible human being), [damn it; damn; Christ; for Christ's sake] 一生/いっしょう = whole life; a lifetime; all through life; one existence; a generation; an age; the whole world; the era, (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life

政

politics, government (Kun: まつりごと、 まん) On: セイ、 (ショウ) 政治/せいじ = politics; government 政府/せいふ = government; administration 政党/せいとう = political party 政策/せいさく = political measures; policy 財政/ざいせい = public finance, financial affairs; financial situation 政権/せいけん = (political) administration; political power 行政/ぎょうせい = administration; governance; the authorities; authority 政治犯/せいじはん = political offense; political offence; political crime, political offender; political prisoner; prisoner of conscience 家政婦/かせいふ = housekeeper; maid 行政機関/ぎょうせいきかん = administrative organ; administrative body 家政学/かせいがく = home economics; domestic science, Family and consumer science​ 政治的/せいじてき = political 政界/せいかい = political world 内政/ないせい = domestic affairs; internal administration​ 政敵/せいてき = political opponent 市政/しせい = municipal government 政情/せいじょう = political situation; political affairs 郵政/ゆうせい = postal system 州政府/しゅうせいふ = state government

県

prefecture (Kun: か.ける) On: ケン 県/けん = prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.) 県道/けんどう = prefectural road 府県/ふけん = prefectures (of Japan, excl. Tokyo and Hokkaido) 県知事/けんちじ = prefectural governor 県庁/けんちょう = prefectural office 県花/けんか = prefectural flower; floral emblem for a prefecture 県境/けんざかい = prefectural border; prefectural boundary 県内/けんない = within the prefecture 県営/けんえい = (under) prefectural management 県下/けんか = in the prefecture; prefectural 県警/けんけい = prefectural police (lyhenne) 県立/けんりつ = prefectural (institution) 県民/けんみん = citizen of a prefecture; prefectural citizen

年

year, counter for years Kun: とし 年/とし = year, age; years, past one's prime; old age 年寄り/としより = old person; elderly person; senior citizen 今年/ことし = this year 毎年/まいとし = every year; yearly; annually On: ネン 万年筆/まんねんひつ = fountain pen 少年/しょうねん = boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad 青年/せいねん = youth; young man 去年/きょねん = last year 来年/らいねん = next year 再来年/さらいねん = year after next 学年/がくねん = academic year; school year, year in school; grade in school 中年/ちゅうねん = middle-age; middle age; midlife; one's middle years 定年/ていねん = retirement age 年間/ねんかん = (period of) a year, during an era 年齢/ねんれい = age; years 年代/ねんだい = age; era; period; date 年中/ねんじゅう = whole year; all year round; throughout the year, always; all the time; perpetually​, during an era 年鑑/ねんかん = yearbook; almanac; annual

一

Kun: ひと-、 ひとつ 一言 / ひとこと = single word, brief comment 一人 / ひとり = one person, being alone, being single 一月 / ひとつき = one month (一昨年/おととし = year before last) [(一寸/ちょっと = a little; a bit; slightly​, just a minute; for a moment; briefly​, somewhat; rather; fairly; pretty; quite​, (not) easily; (not) readily, hey!; come on; excuse me)] On: イチ、 イツ 一 / いち = one, best, beginning 一番 / いちばん= number one, first place, best 一致/いっち = coincidence; agreement; union; match, conformity; consistency, cooperation 一緒/いっしょ = together​, at the same time, same; identical 一日/いちにち = one day, all day (long); throughout the day​ もう一度/もういちど = once more; again 統一/とういつ = unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible, Political union​ 一生懸命/いっしょうけんめい = very hard; with utmost effort; with all one's might; for dear life​ 一方/いっぽう = one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party, on the one hand; on the other hand​, whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn 一体/いったい = (what) the heck; (why) in the world; (who) on earth, one object; one body; unity, one form; one style, generally; in general​ 万一/まんいち = emergency; unlikely event​ (lit. 1 in 10,000), by some chance; by some possibility 一層/いっそう = much more; still more; all the more; more than ever, single layer (or storey, etc.)

上

above, up Kun: うえ、 -うえ、 うわ-、 (かみ)、 あ.げる、 -あ.げる、 あ.がる、 -あ.がる、 あ.がり、 -あ.がり、 のぼ.る、 のぼ.り、 のぼ.せる、 のぼ.す、 (たてまつ.る) 上げる/あげる = to raise; to elevate, to do up (one's hair), to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to surface (a submarine, etc.), to show someone (into a room), to send someone (away), to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll, to develop (talent, skill); to improve, to praise, to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)​, to bear (a child), to vomit 上る/のぼる = to ascend; to go up; to climb, to go to (the capital), to be promoted, to add up to, to swim up (a river); to sail up 上着/うわぎ = coat; tunic; jacket; outer garment 上/うえ = above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter), top; summit; head (e.g. of a staircase), surface, before; previous, superiority; one's superior; one's elder, on top of that; besides; what's more; not only ... but, matters concerning ...; as concerns ..., since (i.e. "for that reason") 上がる/あがる = to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised, to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in, to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade, to increase, to improve; to make progress, (of rain) to stop; to lift, to be offered (to the gods, etc.) 申し上げる/もうしあげる = to say; to tell; to state; to express; to offer; to extend (greetings, congratulations, etc.)​ 差し上げる/さしあげる = to give; to offer, to lift up; to hold up; to raise​ 上り/のぼり = ascent; climbing; ascending (path); climb 立ち上がる/たちあがる = to stand up; to get up, to rise, to recover 取り上げる/とりあげる = to pick up, to adopt (e.g. a proposal); to accept; to take up (a topic, complaint, etc.); to listen to; to deal with; to feature, to take away; to confiscate; to deprive (someone) of; to revoke 上手い/うまい = skillful; skilful; clever; expert; wise; successful​, delicious; appetizing; appetising; tasty, fortunate; splendid; promising 持ち上げる/もちあげる = to elevate; to raise; to lift up On: ジョウ、 (ショウ、 シャン) 上手/じょうず = skillful; skilled; proficient; good (at); adept; clever, flattery 以上/いじょう = not less than; ... and more; ... and upwards​, beyond ... (e.g. one's means); further (e.g. nothing further to say); more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that), above-mentioned; foregoing, since ...; seeing that ..., this is all; that is the end; the end 屋上/おくじょう = rooftop​ 頂上/ちょうじょう = top; summit; peak 上等/じょうとう = superior; first-class; excellent; top quality, (that's) just fine!; bring it on!

後

behind, back, later Kun: (のち)、 うし.ろ、 うしろ、 あと、 (おく.れる) 後ろ/うしろ = back; behind; rear 後回し/あとまわし = putting off; postponing 後/あと = behind; rear, after; later, after one's death, remainder; the rest, descendant; successor; heir (明後日/あさって = day after tomorrow) On: ゴ、 コウ 午後/ごご = afternoon; p.m. 最後/さいご = end; conclusion, last; final; latest; most recent, no sooner than; once; right after (often having negative consequences)​ 今後/こんご = from now on; hereafter 後者/こうしゃ = the latter​ 前後/ぜんご = before and after, back and forth, around; about; approximately, order; context, consequences, just when; around the time of 直後/ちょくご = immediately following 以後/いご = after this; from now on; hereafter, thereafter; since (then); after 後輩/こうはい = junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student​ 背後/はいご = back; rear, background; behind the scenes 後退/こうたい = retreat; falling back; moving backwards; reversing; retrogression; retraction, recession; waning 後悔/こうかい = regret; repentance; remorse

下

below, down, descend, give, low, inferior Kun: した、 (しも、 もと)、 さ.げる、 さ.がる、 くだ.る、 くだ.り、 くだ.す、 -くだ.す、 くだ.さる、 お.ろす、 お.りる 靴下/くつした = socks; sock; stockings; stocking [下さい/ください = please give me, please do for me] (下手/へた = unskillful; poor; awkward) 下がる/さがる = to come down; to go down; to fall; to drop; to sink; to get lower​, to move back; to step back; to withdraw; to retire 下げる/さげる = to hang; to suspend; to wear (e.g. decoration), to lower; to reduce; to bring down 下着/したぎ = underwear [下さる/くださる = to give; to confer; to bestow, to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour; to favor] 下町/したまち = low-lying part of a city (usu. containing shops, factories, etc.) 下ろす/おろす = to take down (e.g. flag); to launch (e.g. boat); to drop; to lower (e.g. ladder); to let (a person) off; to unload; to discharge, to drop off (a passenger from a vehicle); to let (a person) off, to wear (clothing) for the first time 下る/くだる = to descend; to go down; to come down, to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.), to surrender; to capitulate, to be less than; to be inferior to​ On: カ、 ゲ 地下鉄/ちかてつ = underground train; subway 地下/ちか = basement; cellar; underground place, underground; below ground, secret; under cover 廊下/ろうか = corridor; hallway; passageway 下駄/げた = geta; Japanese wooden clogs 以下/いか = below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level), the below-mentioned; the following; the rest 下宿/げしゅく = boarding; lodging; board and lodging; room and board, boarding house; lodging house; lodgings 下痢/げり = diarrhea; diarrhoea 低下/ていか = fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation

体

body, substance, object, reality, counter for images Kun: からだ、 (かたち) 体/からだ = body​, torso; trunk, build; physique; constitution, health, corpse; dead body On: タイ、 (テイ) 体温/たいおん = temperature; body temperature (human, animal) 体育/たいいく = physical education 液体/えきたい = liquid 死体/したい = dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass 文体/ぶんたい = literary style, form of (written) language (e.g. classical, modern) 体操/たいそう = gymnastics; physical exercises; calisthenics 気体/きたい = gas; vapour; vapor; gaseous body 体積/たいせき = capacity; volume [大体/だいたい = outline; main point; gist, general; substantially; approximately; about​, in the first place; to begin with; from the start​] 物体/ぶったい = body; object, Physical body​ 体力/たいりょく = stamina; endurance; physical strength; resilience; resistance to disease, strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential) 固体/こたい = solid (body); solid matter; solid-state 人体/じんたい = human body 天体/てんたい = heavenly body; celestial body; astronomical object 団体/だんたい = organization; organisation; association 一体/いったい = (what) the heck; (why) in the world; (who) on earth, one object; one body; unity, one form; one style, generally; in general​

本

book, present, main, origin, true, real, counter for long cylindrical things Kun: (もと) On: ホン 本棚/ほんだな = bookshelves; bookshelf; bookcase 本当/ほんとう = truth; reality; actuality; fact, proper; right; correct; official, genuine; authentic; real; natural; veritable 本/ほん = book; volume; script 本能/ほんのう = instinct 本質/ほんしつ = essence; true nature; substance; reality 脚本/きゃくほん = script; screenplay; scenario 本物/ほんもの = genuine article; real thing; real deal 基本/きほん = basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation 本人/ほんにん = the person in question; the person themselves; said person 本来/ほんらい = originally; primarily, essentially; intrinsically; naturally; by nature; in (and of) itself, proper; rightful; legal; normal 見本/みほん = sample; specimen; pattern, model; example 標本/ひょうほん = example; specimen; sample 本部/ほんぶ = headquarters; head office; main office 本の/ほんの = mere; only; just; slight​ 本気/ほんき = seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity 手本/てほん = copybook, model; pattern 本音/ほんね = real intention; motive; true opinion; what one really thinks

明

bright, light Kun: あ.かり、 あか.るい、 あか.るむ、 あか.らむ、 あき.らか、 あ.ける、 -あ.け、 あ.く、 あ.くる、 あ.かす 明日/あした = tomorrow 明るい/あかるい = light; well-lit; well-lighted, bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; brightly-colored, cheerful; bright; spirited; sunny (e.g. disposition), encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.); promising; of fair prospects, fair (e.g. politics); clean; impartial 明け方/あけがた = dawn 明らか/あきらか = clear; obvious; evident; plain; definite, bright; light 明かり/あかり = light; illumination; glow; gleam​, lamp; light 夜明け/よあけ = dawn; daybreak 明かす/あかす = to pass (the night); to spend, to reveal; to divulge; to disclose; to expose, to prove; to verify On: メイ、 (ミョウ、 ミン) 説明/せつめい = explanation; exposition 発明/はつめい = invention, intelligent; clever 証明/しょうめい = proof; verification; certification 文明/ぶんめい = civilization; civilisation; culture 透明/とうめい = transparent; clear 声明/せいめい = declaration; statement; proclamation 照明/しょうめい = illumination; lighting 明確/めいかく = clear; precise; definite; distinct 賢明/けんめい = wise; sensible; well-advised; intelligent; sagacious; prudent 不明/ふめい = unclear; obscure; indistinct; uncertain; ambiguous, unknown; unidentified, ignorance; lack of wisdom; lack of insight 明朗/めいろう = cheerful; bright, clear; clean; honest; fair

業

business, vocation, arts, performance (Kun: わざ) On: ギョウ、 (ゴウ) 授業/じゅぎょう = lesson; class work; teaching; instruction 産業/さんぎょう = industry 卒業/そつぎょう = graduation; completion (e.g. of a course), moving on (from); outgrowing something; leaving (a group, company, etc.); quitting 職業/しょくぎょう = occupation; business 企業/きぎょう = enterprise; business; company; corporation 失業/しつぎょう = unemployment, losing one's job; becoming unemployed 農業/のうぎょう = agriculture 営業/えいぎょう = business; trade; operations, sales 作業/さぎょう = work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty, Occupation 商業/しょうぎょう = commerce; trade; business 漁業/ぎょぎょう = fishing (industry) 実業家/じつぎょうか = businessman; industrialist 工業/こうぎょう = (manufacturing) industry 休業/きゅうぎょう = closed (e.g. store); business suspended; shutdown; holiday 事業/じぎょう = project; enterprise; business; industry; operations; venture; service 従業員/じゅうぎょういん = employee; worker 業者/ぎょうしゃ = trader; dealer; businessman; vendor; supplier; manufacturer, fellow trader; people in the same trade 業績/ぎょうせき = achievement; performance; results; work; contribution 業務/ぎょうむ = business; affairs; duties; work; procedure; task; action; function; (business) operations; operational 中小企業/ちゅうしょうきぎょう = small to medium enterprises; smaller companies

以

by means of, because, in view of, compared with (Kun: もっ.て) [以て/もって = with; by; by means of​, because of; on account of; for; due to​, on (a day, date); at (a time); as of (e.g. today)​, adds emphasis to preceding word​, in addition (to being); moreover; as well as; and, therefore; and so; hence​] [以ての外/もってのほか = absurd; unreasonable] [を以て/をもって = by (means of); with​] On: イ 以上/いじょう = not less than; ... and more; ... and upwards​, beyond ... (e.g. one's means); further (e.g. nothing further to say); more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that), above-mentioned; foregoing, since ...; seeing that ..., this is all; that is the end; the end 以内/いない = within; inside of; less than 以下/いか = not exceeding; and downward; ... and below, below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level), the below-mentioned; the following; the rest 以外/いがい = with the exception of; excepting 以前/いぜん = ago; since; before; previous 以来/いらい = since; henceforth 以降/いこう = on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since 以後/いご = after this; from now on; hereafter, thereafter; since (then); after​ 予想以上/よそういじょう = more than expected 以心伝心/いしんでんしん = telepathy; tacit understanding; thought transference; communion of mind with mind​ 以遠/いえん = beyond; further than それ以上/それいじょう = further; above; anymore 物心ついて以来/ものごころついていらい = for as long as one can remember

京

capital, 10**16 (Kun: みやこ) On: キョウ、 (ケイ、 キン) 上京/じょうきょう = proceeding to the capital (Tokyo) 東京/とうきょう = Tokyo 京都/きょうと = Kyōto (city) 帰京/ききょう = returning to Tokyo, returning to the capital​ 東京行き/とうきょうゆき = Tokyo-bound 東京発/とうきょうはつ = departing Tokyo 帝京/ていきょう = the capital 在京/ざいきょう = being in the capital (i.e. Tokyo, or formerly Kyoto)

子

child, sign of the rat, 11PM-1AM, first sign of Chinese zodiac Kun: こ、 -こ、 ね 子/こ = child, young woman; young geisha, offshoot, interest, new shares 子供/こども = child 子会社/こがいしゃ = subsidiary (company) 子育て/こそだて = child rearing; child raising; raising children; parenting [梯子/はしご = ladder, stairs​] On: シ、 ス、 ツ 子孫/しそん = descendant; posterity; offspring 子宮/しきゅう = womb; uterus 帽子/ぼうし = hat; cap, Headgear​ 椅子/いす = chair; stool, post; office; position (お)菓子/(お)かし = confectionery; sweets; candy; cake 電子/でんし = electron, electronic 障子/しょうじ = shoji (paper sliding door) 螺子/ねじ = [screw], key (of a clock, watch, etc.); spring (of a clock, watch, etc.) 利子/りし = interest (on a loan, deposit, etc.)

社

company, firm, office, association, shrine (Kun: やしろ) On: シャ 会社/かいしゃ = company; corporation, workplace 社会/しゃかい = society; public; community; the world 神社/じんじゃ = Shinto shrine 商社/しょうしゃ = trading company; firm 社説/しゃせつ = editorial; leading article; leader 社会科学/しゃかいかがく = social science 社長/しゃちょう = company president; manager; director 新聞社/しんぶんしゃ = newspaper company 入社/にゅうしゃ = joining a company; getting a job with a company; entering a company 社交/しゃこう = social life; social intercourse 出社/しゅっしゃ = going to work (e.g. in the morning); coming to work 社会学/しゃかいがく = sociology 社会保障/しゃかいほしょう = social security 社会問題/しゃかいもんだい = social problem 子会社/こがいしゃ = subsidiary (company) 社会主義/しゃかいしゅぎ = socialism 社会党/しゃかいとう = Socialist Party 社債/しゃさい = corporate bond; corporate debenture 社会運動/しゃかいうんどう = social movement

関

connection, barrier, gateway, involve, concerning {Kun: (せき、 -ぜき)、 かか.わる、 (からくり、 かんぬき)} 関わる/かかわる = to be affected; to be influenced, to be concerned with; to have to do with, to stick to (opinions) On: カン 玄関/げんかん = entrance; front door; entryway; entranceway; entry hall; vestibule; porch; foyer; mud room 関係/かんけい = relation; relationship; connection, participation; involvement; concern, influence; effect, sexual relations; sexual relationship, related to; connected to 税関/ぜいかん = customs; customs house 機関車/きかんしゃ = locomotive; engine 関税/かんぜい = tariff (import tax); duty; customs 関心/かんしん = concern; interest 関連/かんれん = relation; connection; relevance 機関/きかん = engine, agency; organisation; organization; institution; organ; body, system; facility; facilities 関西/かんさい = Kansai; region consisting of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and surrounding prefectures 関する/かんする = to concern; to be related 交通機関/こうつうきかん = transportation facilities 関与/かんよ = participation; taking part in; participating in; being concerned in 人間関係/にんげんかんけい = human relations; personal relationships 関節/かんせつ = joint (knee, elbow, etc.) 金融機関/きんゆうきかん = financial institutions; banking facilities 報道機関/ほうどうきかん = information media; press; news organs 機関銃/きかんじゅう = machine gun 行政機関/ぎょうせいきかん = administrative organ; administrative body, Government agency 蒸気機関/じょうききかん = steam engine

日

day, sun, Japan, counter for days Kun: ひ、 -び、 -か (今日/きょう = today; this day, these days; recently; nowadays) (明日/あした = tomorrow) (昨日/きのう = yesterday) 火曜日/かようび = Tuesday 誕生日/たんじょうび = birthday 土曜日/どようび = Saturday 月曜日/げつようび = Monday 金曜日/きんようび = Friday 木曜日/もくようび = Thursday 水曜日/すいようび = Wednesday 日/ひ = day; days​, sun; sunshine; sunlight, case (esp. unfortunate); event 日/か = day of month, counter for days 日付/ひづけ = date; dating, Calendar date​ 日焼け/ひやけ = sunburn; suntan; tan, becoming discolored from the sun (e.g. paper); yellowing 日差し/ひざし = sunlight; rays of the Sun 日の出/ひので = sunrise​ 日陰/ひかげ = shade; shadow, sunshine 日帰り/ひがえり = day trip 日の入り/ひのいり = sunset​ 日々/ひび = every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days) On: ニチ、 ジツ 毎日/まいにち = every day 平日/へいじつ = weekday; ordinary days (i.e. non-holiday) 祝日/しゅくじつ = national holiday; public holiday 先日/せんじつ = the other day; a few days ago 日/にち = Sunday, day (of the month), counter for days​ 日曜日/にちようび = Sunday 日記/にっき = diary; journal 日光/にっこう = sunlight; sunshine; sunbeams 日常/にちじょう = everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular 日程/にってい = schedule; program; programme; agenda 日用品/にちようひん = daily necessities 日課/にっか = daily lesson; daily work; daily routine

決

decide, fix, agree upon, appoint Kun: き.める、 (-ぎ.め)、 き.まる、 (さ.く) 決める/きめる = to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to appoint; to fix, to carry out successfully (a move in sports, a pose in dance, etc.); to succeed in doing 決まる/きまる = to be decided; to be settled, to look good in (clothes) 決まり/きまり = rule; regulation, habit; custom; habitual way, settlement; conclusion; end; agreement; arrangement On: ケツ 解決/かいけつ = settlement; solution; resolution 決して/けっして = never; by no means; not in the least; in no way​ 判決/はんけつ = judicial decision; judgement; judgment; sentence; decree 決断/けつだん = decision; determination 多数決/たすうけつ = majority decision; majority vote; majority rule 決心/けっしん = determination; resolution 決定/けってい = decision; determination 可決/かけつ = approval; adoption (of a motion, bill, etc.); passage 決意/けつい = decision; determination; resolution 決勝/けっしょう = decision of a contest; finals (in sports) 決議/けつぎ = resolution; vote; decision 対決/たいけつ = confrontation; showdown 議決/ぎけつ = resolution; decision; vote 決算/けっさん = settlement of accounts; closing accounts; financial results; reporting (of accounts) 否決/ひけつ = rejection; negation; voting down 決行/けっこう = doing (with resolve); carrying out (e.g. a plan)

度

degrees, occurrence, time, counter for occurrences, consider, attitude Kun: (たび)、 (-た.い) [度々/たびたび = often; again and again; over and over again; repeatedly; frequently​] On: ド、 ト、 タク 制度/せいど = system; institution; organization; organisation 速度/そくど = speed; velocity; pace; rate 温度/おんど = temperature [丁度/ちょうど = exactly; precisely; just; right, as if; as though; quite] もう一度/もういちど = once more; again 角度/かくど = angle 湿度/しつど = level of humidity 経度/けいど = longitude 今度/こんど = this time; now, next time; another time; shortly; soon, recently; previous; last 一度/いちど = once; one time; on one occasion, one degree; one tone; one musical interval​ [屹度/きっと = surely; undoubtedly; almost certainly; most likely (e.g. 90 percent)​, sternly; severely, having no slack; rigid; stiff; tight, suddenly; abruptly; instantly​] 態度/たいど = attitude; manner; behaviour 程度/ていど = degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about; approximately 支度/したく = preparation; arrangements 適度/てきど = moderate (degree); proper (amount); temperate; suitable 度/ど = degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.), counter for occurrences, alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume, extent; degree; limit​, presence of mind; composure 一度に/いちどに = all at once 高度/こうど = altitude; height; elevation, high-degree; high-grade; advanced; sophisticated; strong

議

deliberation, consultation, debate, consideration On: ギ 会議/かいぎ = meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention; congress 会議室/かいぎしつ = conference room; council room 議長/ぎちょう = chairman; speaker (e.g. of assembly); president (e.g. of council, senate, etc.); moderator (e.g. of a newsgroup), Speaker (politics)​ 議会/ぎかい = congress; parliament; diet; legislative assembly 議員/ぎいん = member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress 議論/ぎろん = argument; discussion; dispute; controversy 不思議/ふしぎ = wonderful; marvelous; strange; incredible; amazing; curious; miraculous; mysterious 抗議/こうぎ = protest; objection 討議/とうぎ = debate; discussion 異議/いぎ = objection; dissent; protest 論議/ろんぎ = discussion; argument; debate 議題/ぎだい = topic of discussion; agenda 議案/ぎあん = legislative bill; measure, agenda item 協議/きょうぎ = conference; consultation; discussion; negotiation 決議/けつぎ = resolution; vote; decision 審議/しんぎ = deliberation 物議/ぶつぎ = public discussion; public criticism; controversy

発

departure, discharge, publish, emit, start from, disclose, counter for gunshots (Kun: (た.つ)、 あば.く、 おこ.る、 つか.わす、 はな.つ) On: ハツ、 ホツ 発音/はつおん = pronunciation, production of sound (発見/はっけん = discovery; detection; finding) 発明/はつめい = invention, intelligent; clever​ 爆発/ばくはつ = explosion; detonation; eruption, eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring 発電/はつでん = generation (e.g. power), Electricity generation 蒸発/じょうはつ = evaporation, disappearance (of people intentionally concealing their whereabouts); unexplained disappearance (反発/はんぱつ = opposition; rebellion; revolt; resistance; backlash; refusal, rebounding; recoiling; repulsion, rally (e.g. in stock prices); recovery) 発作/ほっさ = fit; spasm; attack; seizure​ (発展/はってん = development; growth; expansion; extension; flourishing, development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; progression; unfolding, playing around; having an active sex life​) (出発/しゅっぱつ = departure) (発表/はっぴょう = announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known; breaking (news story); expressing (one's opinion); releasing; unveiling) (発達/はったつ = development; growth) (発行/はっこう = publication; issue (of journal, newspaper, etc.)) (発車/はっしゃ = departure (of a train, car, etc.); starting; leaving) 発売/はつばい = sale; offering for sale; release (for sale); launch (product) (発射/はっしゃ = firing; shooting; discharge; catapult, ejaculation​) (発想/はっそう = idea; conception; way of thinking​) 発言/はつげん = statement; remark; observation; utterance; speech; proposal 開発/かいはつ = development; exploitation

定

determine, fix, establish, decide Kun: (さだ.める、 さだ.まる、 さだ.か) On: テイ、 {ジョウ} 否定/ひてい = denial; negation; repudiation; disavowal​ 安定/あんてい = stability; steadiness; equilibrium 測定/そくてい = measurement {定規/じょうぎ = (measuring) ruler} 予定/よてい = plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation; estimate 定義/ていぎ = definition 固定/こてい = fixing (in place); securing; anchoring; fastening down, fixing (e.g. salary, capital); keeping the same 定年/ていねん = retirement age 設定/せってい = establishment; creation; posing (a problem); setting (movie, novel, etc.); scene, options setting; preference settings; configuration; setup​ 定食/ていしょく = set meal; special (of the day) 決定/けってい = decision; determination {勘定/かんじょう = calculation; computation; counting; reckoning; count, bill; check; account; payment (of a bill); settlement (of an account), consideration; allowance} 定期/ていき = fixed period; fixed term, regular; periodic; periodical 一定/いってい = fixed; settled; constant; definite; uniform; regularized; regularised; defined; standardized; standardised; certain; prescribed 特定/とくてい = specific; particular; designated; special, specifying; designating; identifying; pinpointing 推定/すいてい = presumption; assumption, estimation 指定/してい = designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at 定員/ていいん = fixed number (of people); prescribed number (of regular personnel, students, etc.); quota; numerical limit; complement, capacity (of a bus, boat, theatre, etc.); seating capacity 定価/ていか = list price; regular price; established price

方

direction, person, alternative Kun: かた、 -かた、 -がた 方/かた = direction; way, person; lady; gentleman, method of; manner of; way of, person in charge of ..., side (e.g. "on my mother's side") [貴方/あなた = you (referring to someone of equal or lower status)], dear (what a wife calls a husband) 夕方/ゆうがた = evening; dusk​ [何方/どなた = who?​] [此方/こちら = this way (direction close to the speaker or towards the speaker); this direction, here (place close to the speaker or where the speaker is), this one (something physically close to the speaker) 其方/そちら = [that way (direction distant from the speaker, close to the listener)​], there (place distant from the speaker, close to the listener), that one (something close to the listener), you; your family; your company, that person (someone close to the listener) 明け方/あけがた = dawn 仕方/しかた = way; method; means; resource; course 味方/みかた = friend; ally; supporter, taking sides with; supporting; standing by; backing up On: ホウ 方/ほう = direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction), side (of an argument, etc.); one's part, type; category, field (of study, etc.), way; method; manner; means 方向/ほうこう = direction; orientation; bearing; way, course (e.g. of action) 方言/ほうげん = dialect​ 方法/ほうほう = method; process; manner; way; means; technique 方針/ほうしん = policy; course; plan (of action); principle 方面/ほうめん = direction; district; area, field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter; aspect; angle 方角/ほうがく = direction; way, method; means; approach 方策/ほうさく = plan; policy 正方形/せいほうけい = square 方式/ほうしき = form; method; system; formula 方法論/ほうほうろん = methodology 両方/りょうほう = both; both sides; both parties​ 地方/ちほう = district; region; area; locality, the country; countryside; the provinces; rural area 方々/ほうぼう = here and there; this way and that way; everywhere; all over 方便/ほうべん = expedient; means; instrument 方程式/ほうていしき = equation; formula, method for solving a problem; set way of achieving a particular result 方がいい/ほうがいい = had better, had better not

選

elect, select, choose, prefer Kun: えら.ぶ、 (え.る、 よ.る) 選ぶ/えらぶ = to choose; to select On: セン 選挙/せんきょ = election 選手/せんしゅ = player (sports); athlete; team member 選択/せんたく = selection; choice; option 当選/とうせん = being elected, being selected (to win a prize, etc.), winning (in a lottery, raffle, etc.)​ 選考/せんこう = selection; screening 選手権/せんしゅけん = championship; title (of champion) 選出/せんしゅつ = election; selection; choice 選挙権/せんきょけん = suffrage; the right to vote 再選/さいせん = re-election 選挙戦/せんきょせん = election campaign 入選/にゅうせん = being selected (for a prize, exhibition, etc.); being accepted; winning 選択肢/せんたくし = choices; alternatives; options 選別/せんべつ = selection; classification; sorting; screening; triage 落選/らくせん = election loss; rejection 選挙運動/せんきょうんどう = election campaign; political campaign; campaigning; electioneering; canvassing 選定/せんてい = selection 選抜/せんばつ = selection; choice; picking out

員

employee, member, number, the one in charge On: イン 公務員/こうむいん = government worker; public servant; civil servant 議員/ぎいん = member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress 店員/てんいん = employee (of a store); shop assistant; clerk; salesperson 職員/しょくいん = staff member; personnel, Official​ 教員/きょういん = teacher; instructor; teaching staff; faculty member 全員/ぜんいん = all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew 会員/かいいん = member; the membership 委員/いいん = committee member 満員/まんいん = full house; no vacancy; sold out; standing room only; full (of people); crowded 定員/ていいん = fixed number (of people); prescribed number (of regular personnel, students, etc.); quota; numerical limit; complement, capacity (of a bus, boat, theatre, etc.); seating capacity 従業員/じゅうぎょういん = employee; worker 行員/こういん = bank clerk​ (lyhenne) 員/いん = member 委員会/いいんかい = committee; commission; board; panel; committee meeting 教育委員会/きょういくいいんかい = Board of Education (国会議員/こっかいぎいん = member of the Diet; Diet member; member of parliament; MP) 船員/せんいん = sailor 戦闘員/せんとういん = combatant; fighter 乗組員/のりくみいん = crew 社員/しゃいん = company employee, member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts) 部員/ぶいん = staff; member (club, society, etc.)

入

enter, insert Kun: い.る、 -い.る、 -い.り、 い.れる、 -い.れ、 はい.る 入り/いり = entering, setting (of the Sun), containing; content; audience, ​income​, beginning 押し入れ/おしいれ = closet 入る/はいる = to enter; to go into​, to break into, to join; to enroll 入れる/いれる = to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install (e.g. software); to set (a jewel, etc.); to ink in (e.g. tattoo), to admit; to accept; to employ; to hire, to accept; to comply; to grant; to adopt (a policy, etc.); to take (advice, etc.); to listen to; to pay attention to​, to include​, to pay (one's rent, etc.)​, to cast (a vote) 気に入る/きにいる = to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy 手入れ/ていれ = care; looking after; repair; maintenance; tending; trimming; grooming, (police) raid; crackdown 出入り/でいり = going in and out; entering and exiting, visiting regularly; frequenting; having regular dealings with, income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings, fight; trouble; quarrel; dispute 出入り口/でいりぐち = exit and entrance 取り入れる/とりいれる = to harvest; to reap, to take in; to gather in, to adopt (e.g. idea); to accept (e.g. advice); to introduce; to borrow (e.g. word) 日の入り/ひのいり = sunset 入れ物/いれもの = container; case; receptacle 入口/いりぐち = entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth On: ニュウ、 (ジュ) 収入/しゅうにゅう = income; receipts; revenue 輸入/ゆにゅう = import; importation; introduction​ 入学/にゅうがく = entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment) 入院/にゅういん = hospitalization; hospitalisation 入浴/にゅうよく = bathing, to bathe; to take a bath; to enter a bath 記入/きにゅう = entry (in a form, register, diary, etc.); filling in; filling out 入場/にゅうじょう = entrance; admission; entering 侵入/しんにゅう = invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass; penetration 入社/にゅうしゃ = joining a company; getting a job with a company; entering a company

出

exit, leave, go out, come out, put out, protrude Kun: で.る、 (-で)、 だ.す、 (-だ.す)、 (い.でる)、 (い.だす) [出来る/できる = to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task, to be ready; to be completed​, to be made; to be built, to be good at; to be permitted (to do)​, to become intimate; to take up (with somebody)​, to grow; to be raised, to become pregnant] 出る/でる = to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out, to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out, to move forward, to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach, to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display, to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform 出す/だす = to take out; to get out, to put out; to reveal; to show, to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in, to publish; to make public​ 出かける/でかける = to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to start; to set out, to be about to leave; to be just going out 思い出す/おもいだす = to recall; to remember; to recollect 引き出し/ひきだし = drawer, withdrawal (of money from an account) 引き出す/ひきだす = to pull out; to take out; to draw out; to withdraw 出会う/であう = to meet (by chance); to come across; to run across; to encounter; to happen upon, to emerge and engage (an enemy)​ 出来事/できごと = incident; affair; happening; event 飛び出す/とびだす = to jump out; to rush out; to fly out, to appear (suddenly) 思い出/おもいで = memories; recollections; reminiscence On: シュツ、 (スイ) 出版/しゅっぱん = publication 輸出/ゆしゅつ = export; exportation 出血/しゅっけつ = bleeding; haemorrhage; hemorrhage, bleeding money; red ink; selling below cost 外出/がいしゅつ = going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.) 出発/しゅっぱつ = departure 出席/しゅっせき = attendance; presence; appearance, to attend; to be present; to appear 提出/ていしゅつ = presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in 出身/しゅっしん = person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)

初

first time, beginning Kun: はじ.め、 はじ.めて、 はつ、 はつ-、 {うい-}、 (-そ.める、 -ぞ.め) 初めて/はじめて = for the first time, only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ... 初/はつ = first; new 初耳/はつみみ = something heard for the first time; hearing something for the first time 初恋/はつこい = first love; puppy love 初詣/はつもうで = first shrine visit of New Year 初めに/はじめに = first; firstly; first of all; to begin with; in the beginning; at the beginning, [Introduction; Preface​] {初陣/ういじん = one's first campaign; one's first battle} 初舞台/はつぶたい = debut; initial stage appearance On: ショ 最初/さいしょ = beginning; outset; first; onset 初級/しょきゅう = elementary level; beginner level 初版/しょはん = first edition 初心者/しょしんしゃ = beginner 初期/しょき = early (days); initial stage 当初/とうしょ = beginning; start; outset, at first; at the beginning; initially; originally 初日/しょにち = first day; opening day 初老/しょろう = past middle-aged; aging; ageing; elderly, age 40 初対面/しょたいめん = first meeting; first interview with 初代/しょだい = first generation; founder 初心/しょしん = original intention; initial resolution

合

fit, suit, join, 0.1 Kun: あ.う、 -あ.う、 あ.い、 あい-、 -あ.い、 -あい、 あ.わす、 あ.わせる、 -あ.わせる 合図/あいず = sign; signal; cue 組合/くみあい = association; union; guild 見合い/みあい = formal marriage interview; marriage meeting 待合室/まちあいしつ = waiting room 試合/しあい = match; game; bout; contest 合う/あう = to come together; to merge; to unite; to meet, to fit; to match; to suit; to agree with; to be correct, to do ... to each other; to do ... together​ 間に合う/まにあう = to be in time for, to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough 場合/ばあい = case; situation 具合/ぐあい = condition; state, health; state (of health), way; manner, circumstance; luck, face; dignity; decency; propriety 割合/わりあい = rate; ratio; percentage; proportion, comparatively, contrary to expectations 話し合う/はなしあう = to discuss; to talk together 合わせる/あわせる = to match (rhythm, speed, etc.), to join together; to unite; to combine; to add up, to face; to be opposite (someone), to compare; to check with, to mix; to combine On: ゴウ、 (ガッ、 カッ) 集合/しゅうごう = gathering; assembly; meeting 都合/つごう = circumstances; condition; convenience, to arrange; to manage, to lend money; to raise money, in all; in total; all told 合格/ごうかく = success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility 会合/かいごう = meeting; assembly; gathering 合計/ごうけい = sum total; total amount

金

gold Kun: かね、 {かな-}、 {-がね} お金/おかね = money 金/かね = money​, metal {黄金/こがね = gold, gold coin, gold colour (color)} {金槌/かなづち = hammer, hopeless swimmer; complete beginner at swimming; someone who sinks like a stone} 金持ち/かねもち = rich person On: キン、 {コン}、 (ゴン) 金/きん = gold (Au); golden (color); gold (medal, cup), valuable; of highest value, money; gold coin 金曜日/きんようび = Friday 金属/きんぞく = metal 現金/げんきん = cash; ready money; money on hand; currency, mercenary; self-interested; calculating 奨学金/しょうがくきん = scholarship; stipend; bursary, student loan 金融/きんゆう = finance; financing; credit transacting; loaning of money; circulation of money, monetary; financial; credit 金庫/きんこ = safe; strongbox; cashbox; vault; strongroom, depository; cash office; treasury; provider of funds {黄金/おうごん = gold (Au), golden; prosperous; excellent; superb, money (esp. ōban coin); cash} 賃金/ちんぎん = wages, cash payment of rent​ 預金/よきん = deposit; bank account 基金/ききん = fund; foundation 送金/そうきん = remittance; sending money 借金/しゃっきん = debt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money 貯金/ちょきん = putting money aside; savings; deposit (e.g. in a bank) 料金/りょうきん = fee; charge; fare 税金/ぜいきん = tax; duty 金銭/きんせん = money; cash 代金/だいきん = price; cost; charge; payment; bill; fee 金額/きんがく = amount of money 金魚/きんぎょ = goldfish 金貨/きんか = gold coin 金色/きんいろ = golden (colour, color) 金融機関/きんゆうきかん = financial institutions; banking facilities 金髪/きんぱつ = blond hair

地

ground, earth On: チ、 ジ 地下鉄/ちかてつ = underground train; subway, Rapid transit​ 地震/じしん = earthquake 地球/ちきゅう = Earth; the globe 地域/ちいき = area; region 地下/ちか = basement; cellar; underground place, underground; below ground, secret; under cover, underground (railway); subway; metro​ (lyhenne) 遊園地/ゆうえんち = amusement park 地平線/ちへいせん = horizon (related to land)​ 地獄/じごく = hell 植民地/しょくみんち = colony, colonial 地理/ちり = geography 墓地/ぼち = cemetery; graveyard 地形/ちけい = terrain; geographical features; topography 農地/のうち = agricultural land; farmland 地主/じぬし = landowner; landlord 地方/ちほう = district; region; area; locality, the country; countryside; the provinces; rural area 土地/とち = plot of land; lot; soil, locality; region; place 地位/ちい = (social) position; status 生地/きじ = cloth; fabric; material; texture, dough; batter, inherent quality; one's true character; one's true colours, skin with no make-up 地区/ちく = district; section; sector

手

hand Kun: て、 て-、 -て、 た- 手/て = hand; arm, forepaw; foreleg​, handle, hand; worker; help, trouble; care; effort, means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship 手紙/てがみ = letter 切手/きって = stamp (postage); merchandise certificate 手袋/てぶくろ = glove; mitten; mitt 手首/てくび = wrist​ 手前/てまえ = before oneself; in front of one; nearby, one's standpoint; one's appearance 下手/へた = unskillful; poor; awkward​, imprudent; untactful お手洗い/おてあらい = toilet; restroom; lavatory; bathroom 手洗い/てあらい = washing one's hands; water (or basin, etc.) for washing one's hands, restroom; lavatory; toilet​, hand-washing (laundry, etc.) 手錠/てじょう = handcuffs; manacles 手伝う/てつだう = to help; to assist; to aid, to contribute to; to be a factor in 手伝い/てつだい = helper; assistant, help 手間/てま = time; labour; labor 手品/てじな = magic (illusion); conjuring; magic trick; conjuring trick; sleight of hand 相手/あいて = companion; partner; company, other party; addressee, opponent (sports, etc.) 手元/てもと = at hand; on hand; nearby; close at hand, way of moving one's arms; skill, money at hand; pocket money, grip; handle 手続き/てつづき = procedure; process; proceedings; formalities 手入れ/ていれ = care; looking after; repair; maintenance; tending; trimming; grooming, (police) raid; crackdown 手ごろ/てごろ = moderate; handy; convenient; reasonable 手帳/てちょう = notebook; memo pad; (pocket) diary, certificate​, identification card 手配/てはい = arrangement; preparations, search (by police) On: シュ、 {ズ} 手段/しゅだん = means; way; measure 握手/あくしゅ = handshake, reconciliation; joining hands; cooperation 拍手/はくしゅ = clapping hands; applause​ 助手/じょしゅ = assistant; helper 歌手/かしゅ = singer 選手/せんしゅ = player (sports); athlete; team member {上手/じょうず = skillful; skilled; proficient; good (at); adept; clever, flattery} 手術/しゅじゅつ = surgery; operation; procedure 手芸/しゅげい = handicrafts

前

in front, before Kun: まえ、 -まえ 名前/なまえ = name, given name; first name​ 手前/てまえ = before oneself; in front of one; nearby, a bit before reaching (a location); this side (of a location), one's standpoint; one's appearance, we, you​ お前/おまえ = you​ (Familiar language, Male term or language) 当たり前/あたりまえ = natural; reasonable; obvious, usual; common; ordinary; commonplace; the norm 腕前/うでまえ = ability; skill; facility 前売り/まえうり = advance sale; booking 建て前/たてまえ = face; official stance; public position or attitude (as opposed to private thoughts) 前もって/まえもって = in advance; beforehand; previously On: ゼン 午前/ごぜん = morning; a.m. 前提/ぜんてい = condition; assumption; prerequisite; hypothesis, intention; intent; aim; goal, premise (in logic) 以前/いぜん = ago; since; before; previous 前進/ぜんしん = advance; moving forward; progress 前者/ぜんしゃ = the former​ 前後/ぜんご = front and back, before and after, around; about; approximately, order; context, consequences, just when; around the time of 直前/ちょくぜん = just before 前途/ぜんと = future; prospects; outlook, journey ahead; distance yet to cover 事前/じぜん = prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante 前/ぜん = the last (i.e. immediately preceding) (e.g. "the last mayor"); previous; one-time; former, pre- (e.g. "premodern")​, before; earlier

中

in, inside, middle, mean, center Kun: なか、 (うち、 あた.る) 背中/せなか = back (of body), Human back​ 真ん中/まんなか = middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart 夜中/よなか = middle of the night; dead of night 世の中/よのなか = society; the world; the times 中々/なかなか = very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather​, by no means; not readily​, middle; half-way point, excellent; wonderful; very good 中/なか = inside; in, among; within, center (centre); middle 中出し/なかだし = intravaginal (anal, etc.) ejaculation; creampie On: チュウ 中学校/ちゅうがっこう = junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school, Middle school​ 中心/ちゅうしん = center; centre; middle; heart; core; focus; pivot; emphasis; balance, -centered; -centred; -focused; -oriented; centered on; focused on 中世/ちゅうせい = Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times 途中/とちゅう = on the way; en route, in the middle of; midway 中立/ちゅうりつ = neutrality 中央/ちゅうおう = centre; center; middle; heart, metropolis; capital city; central government​ 中止/ちゅうし = suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption 集中/しゅうちゅう = concentration; focusing; convergence; centralization; integration; gathering together, within a collection of works 中古/ちゅうこ = used; second-hand; old 中/ちゅう = medium; average; middle, moderation

内

inside, within, between, among, house, home Kun: うち [その内/そのうち = before very long; soon; someday; one of these days; sooner or later​, of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them; among others] 内訳/うちわけ = itemization (of expenses); the items; breakdown; classification 内/うち = inside; within, [while​], [among; amongst; between​] On: ナイ、 (ダイ) 以内/いない = within; inside of; less than 内閣/ないかく = cabinet (of a government); ministry 案内/あんない = guidance; leading (the way); showing around, information; notice; notification, invitation, acquaintance; knowledge 内容/ないよう = contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import 内部/ないぶ = interior; inside; internal 内臓/ないぞう = internal organs; intestines; viscera 内乱/ないらん = civil war; insurrection; rebellion; domestic conflict 家内/かない = (my) wife, inside the home; one's family 内戦/ないせん = civil war 館内/かんない = in the building

相

inter-, mutual, together, each other, minister of state, councillor, aspect, phase, physiognomy Kun: あい- 相手/あいて = companion; partner; company, other party; addressee, opponent (sports, etc.) 相変わらず/あいかわらず = as ever; as usual; the same; still [(相応しい/ふさわしい = appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy​)] 相乗り/あいのり = riding together; sharing a car (taxi, etc.), doing in collaboration, backing of the same candidate by different political parties 相槌/あいづち = aizuchi; back-channeling; interjections indicating that one is paying attention, two smiths hammering at an object in turn On: ソウ、 ショウ 首相/しゅしょう = Prime Minister; Chancellor (Germany, Austria, etc.); Premier 相続/そうぞく = succession; inheritance (相撲/すもう = sumo wrestling) 相談/そうだん = consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice 相当/そうとう = corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to, appropriate; suitable; befitting; proportionate, considerable; substantial, considerably; rather; quite; fairly; pretty (可哀想/かわいそう = poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful​) 相互/そうご = mutual; reciprocal 相違/そうい = difference; discrepancy; variation 真相/しんそう = truth; real situation 外相/がいしょう = Foreign Minister 相場/そうば = market price, speculation (e.g. on stocks), reputation (according to conventional wisdom); estimation; esteem 様相/ようそう = aspect; phase; condition, modality (philosophy) 手相/てそう = palm reading

間

interval, space Kun: (あいだ)、 ま、 あい 間に合う/まにあう = to be in time for, to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough 昼間/ひるま = daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period 間違える/まちがえる = to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation), to confuse; to mistake something for something else 間違い/まちがい = mistake; error; blunder​, accident; mishap; trouble 仲間/なかま = company; fellow; colleague; associate; comrade; mate; group; circle of friends; partner, member of the same category 手間/てま = time; labour; labor 隙間/すきま = crevice; crack; gap; opening; clearance, spare moment; interval; break; pause; spare time, chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness; carelessness [間もなく/まもなく = soon; before long; in a short time​, lacking time to ...; without time to ...​] いつの間にか/いつのまにか = before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares On: カン、 ケン 時間/じかん = time, hour, period; class; lesson 人間/にんげん = human being; person; man; mankind; humankind, character (of a person) 瞬間/しゅんかん = moment; second; instant 時間割/じかんわり = timetable (esp. a weekly school timetable); schedule, School timetable​ 年間/ねんかん = (period of) a year 週間/しゅうかん = week 期間/きかん = period; term; interval 間隔/かんかく = space; interval 民間/みんかん = private; non-governmental; non-official; civilian; civil, folk; popular 夜間/やかん = night; nighttime 中間/ちゅうかん = middle; midway; halfway; centre; center, middle position; moderate position; neutral position; middle-of-the-road position, interim; intermediary; intermediate; midterm

島

island Kun: しま 島/しま = island, [territory (of a prostitute, organized crime gang, etc.); turf​] 島国/しまぐに = island country 島々/しまじま = islands 小島/こじま = small island; islet 島流し/しまながし = exile; banishment On: トウ 列島/れっとう = archipelago; chain of islands 諸島/しょとう = archipelago; group of islands 孤島/ことう = solitary island 火山列島/かざんれっとう = chain of volcanic islands 無人島/むじんとう = unpopulated island 群島/ぐんとう = island group; archipelago 離島/りとう = isolated island; outlying island, leaving an island

大

large, big Kun: おお-、 (おお.きい、 -おお.いに) 大/おお = big; large​ 大き/おおき = great; grand; large 大い/おおい = greater (of equal court ranks); upper; senior​ 大人/おとな = adult 大通り/おおどおり = main street On: ダイ、 タイ 大/だい = the large part of, big; large; great 大学/だいがく = university; college​ 大使館/たいしかん = embassy 大統領/だいとうりょう = president (of a nation or company); chief executive, big man; boss; buddy; mate 莫大/ばくだい = vast; huge; immense; enormous; colossal 大陸/たいりく = continent 大変/たいへん = very; greatly; terribly; awfully, serious; grave; dreadful; terrible, difficult; hard 大切/たいせつ = important; necessary; indispensable, beloved; precious; dear; cherished; valuable 大好き/だいすき = loveable; very likeable; like very much 大丈夫/だいじょうぶ =safe; secure; sound; problem-free; without fear; all right; alright; OK; okay, certainly; surely; undoubtedly, no thanks; I'm good; that's alright

場

location, place Kun: ば 場/ば = place; spot; space, field; discipline; sphere; realm, occasion; situation, scene (of a play, movie, etc.) 広場/ひろば = public square; square; plaza; piazza; forum, open space; clearing 場所/ばしょ = place; location; spot; position, room; space 場合/ばあい = case; situation 売り場/うりば = selling area; counter; section; department; sales floor, favorable time to sell; good time to sell 立場/たちば = position; situation, viewpoint; standpoint; point of view 現場/げんば = actual spot; scene; scene of the crime; site; location; setting​, shop floor; factory floor; (on) site 場面/ばめん = scene; setting; place (where something happens); scenario; case, scene (in a movie, play); shot 酒場/さかば = bar; pub; tavern 相場/そうば = market price, reputation (according to conventional wisdom); estimation; esteem On: ジョウ、 (チョウ) 飛行場/ひこうじょう = airfield; airport 工場/こうじょう = factory; plant; mill; workshop 駐車場/ちゅうしゃじょう = parking lot; parking place; car park; carpark 劇場/げきじょう = theatre; theater; playhouse 農場/のうじょう = farm (agriculture) 牧場/ぼくじょう = farm (livestock); ranch (US), pasture land; meadow; grazing land 会場/かいじょう = assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds 入場/にゅうじょう = entrance; admission; entering 登場/とうじょう = entry (on stage); appearance (on screen), entrance; introduction (into a market) 満場/まんじょう = whole house; whole audience

長

long, leader, superior, senior Kun: なが.い、 おさ 長/なが = long 長/おさ = head; chief; leader; elder, the greatest of all; the most excellent 長い/ながい = long (distance), long (time); lengthy 長引く/ながびく = to be prolonged; to drag on (長閑/のどか = tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful​) 長々/ながなが = long; drawn-out; very long 長さ/ながさ = length On: チョウ 校長/こうちょう = principal; headmaster 議長/ぎちょう = chairman; speaker (e.g. of assembly); president (e.g. of council, senate, etc.); moderator (e.g. of a newsgroup) 社長/しゃちょう = company president; manager; director 部長/ぶちょう = head (chief, director) of a section or department, head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team 課長/かちょう = section manager; section chief 成長/せいちょう = growth; development; growing up; becoming an adult, growth (of a company, the economy, etc.) 身長/しんちょう = height (of body); stature 長/ちょう = head; chief; leader; elder, merit; strong point​, superiority 長方形/ちょうほうけい = rectangle; oblong 長期/ちょうき = long-term​ 長所/ちょうしょ = strong point; merit; virtue; advantage 延長/えんちょう = extension; elongation; prolongation; lengthening 長男/ちょうなん = eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son 長女/ちょうじょ = eldest daughter; first-born daughter 生長/せいちょう = growth (of a plant) 長官/ちょうかん = secretary (government); director; chief 長編/ちょうへん = long (e.g. novel, film) 長寿/ちょうじゅ = long life; longevity 長老/ちょうろう = elder; senior

男

male Kun: おとこ、 (お) 男/おとこ = man; male​, fellow; guy; chap; bloke, male lover; boyfriend; man, manliness; manly honor; manly honour; manly reputation 男の子/おとこのこ = boy; male child; baby boy 男前/おとこまえ = handsome man; man's looks; good looks 男らしい/おとこらしい = manly; masculine; like a man 男の人/おとこのひと = man 大男/おおおとこ = big man; large man; tall man; giant 男手/おとこで = male help; male labor; male labour, man's handwriting​ On: ダン、 {ナン} 男性/だんせい = man; male 男子/だんし = youth; young man 男女/だんじょ = men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders 男優/だんゆう = actor (male)​ 男性的/だんせいてき = manly 美男子/びだんし = handsome man 男装/だんそう = disguising oneself as a man; dressing as a man (for a woman); male clothing​ {美男/びなん = handsome man} 男性用/だんせいよう = for use by men 男子学生/だんしがくせい = male student

市

market, city, town Kun: いち 市場/いちば = (town) market, (the) marketplace 市/いち = market; fair 見本市/みほんいち = trade fair On: シ 市民/しみん = citizen; citizenry; public, city inhabitant; townspeople, 都市/とし = town; city; municipal; urban 市/し = city 市街/しがい = urban areas; the streets; town; city 都市計画/としけいかく = city planning; urban planning; town planning 市街地/しがいち = town area; urban area; metropolitan area; built-up area 市長/しちょう = mayor 市内/しない = (within a) city; local​ 市役所/しやくしょ = municipal office; council; city hall 市民権/しみんけん = citizenship; civic rights; civil rights, widespread acceptance; social recognition; common use 市外/しがい = outside the city area; suburbs 市販/しはん = selling on the market (in the marketplace, in stores, etc.); making something commercially available, commercial (e.g. software); over-the-counter; off-the-shelf; store-bought 市立/しりつ = municipal; city 市政/しせい = municipal government 市議会/しぎかい = city council 市場調査/しじょうちょうさ = market research 市中/しちゅう = in the city

事

matter, thing, fact, business, reason, possibly Kun: こと、 (つか.う、 つか.える) 仕事/しごと = work; job; business; occupation; employment; vocation; task [事/こと = thing; matter​, incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis​, circumstances; situation; state of affairs, work; business; affair, alias; aka; nickname; alternative name; also known as] 物事/ものごと = things; everything 出来事/できごと = incident; affair; happening; event On: ジ、 (ズ) 事故/じこ = accident; incident; trouble, circumstances; reasons 事実/じじつ = fact; truth; reality 食事/しょくじ = meal; dinner, diet 記事/きじ = article; news story; report; account 家事/かじ = housework; domestic chores, family affairs; household matters, Housekeeping​ 知事/ちじ = prefectural governor 百科事典/ひゃっかじてん = encyclopedia; encyclopaedia 返事/へんじ = reply; answer; response 火事/かじ = fire; conflagration 事務所/じむしょ = office 大事/だいじ = important; serious; crucial, valuable; precious, serious matter; major incident; matter of grave concern; crisis, great undertaking; great enterprise; great thing, safe; OK​ 軍事/ぐんじ = military affairs 用事/ようじ = tasks; things to do; errand; business (to take care of); affairs; engagement 事件/じけん = event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble; scandal 事態/じたい = situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances​ 無事/ぶじ = safety; peace; quietness​

会

meeting, meet, party, association, interview, join Kun: あ.う、 (あ.わせる、 あつ.まる) 会う/あう = to meet; to encounter; to see​ 出会う/であう = to meet (by chance); to come across; to run across; to encounter; to happen upon, to emerge and engage (an enemy)​ On: カイ、 (エ) 会/かい = meeting; assembly; party, association; club 会社/かいしゃ = company; corporation, workplace 会議/かいぎ = meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention; congress 教会/きょうかい = church; congregation 社会/しゃかい = society; public; community; the world, social studies​ 会話/かいわ = conversation 展覧会/てんらんかい = exhibition, Art exhibition 会議室/かいぎしつ = conference room; council room 議会/ぎかい = congress; parliament; diet; legislative assembly 会計/かいけい = account; finance; accountant; treasurer; paymaster; reckoning; bill 宴会/えんかい = party; banquet; reception; feast; dinner 会館/かいかん = meeting hall; assembly hall 司会/しかい = leading a meeting; presiding over a meeting; officiating at a ceremony; chairmanship, chairman; presenter; host; moderator; master of ceremonies​ 社会科学/しゃかいかがく = social science 学会/がっかい = scientific society; academic meeting; academic conference, Learned society​ 機会/きかい = chance; opportunity 会場/かいじょう = assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds 面会/めんかい = meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview 会合/かいごう = meeting; assembly; gathering

法

method, law, rule, principle, model, system (Kun: のり) On: ホウ、 (ハッ、 ホッ、 フラン) 法律/ほうりつ = law 文法/ぶんぽう = grammar; syntax​ 憲法/けんぽう = constitution 方法/ほうほう = method; process; manner; way; means; technique 作法/さほう = manners; etiquette; propriety​, manner of production (esp. of prose, poetry, etc.); way of making 法/ほう = law; act; principle, method, 法則/ほうそく = law; rule 寸法/すんぽう = measurement; size; extent; dimension, plan; intention; arrangement; schedule 法案/ほうあん = bill (law); measure 法廷/ほうてい = court (of law); courtroom 手法/しゅほう = technique; method 法学/ほうがく = law; jurisprudence 製法/せいほう = manufacturing method; recipe; formula 用法/ようほう = directions; rules of use 方法論/ほうほうろん = methodology 法律事務所/ほうりつじむしょ = law office; law firm 刑法/けいほう = criminal law; penal code 商法/しょうほう = business practice; business method; commerce, commercial law 国際法/こくさいほう = international laws

月

month, moon Kun: つき 月/つき = moon, month 月日/つきひ = time; years; days 月並み/つきなみ = every month 月々/つきづき = every month; monthly; month by month 月見/つきみ = viewing the Moon 月夜/つきよ = moonlit night 毎月/まいつき = every month; each month; monthly On: ゲツ、 ガツ 月曜日/げつようび = Monday 月給/げっきゅう = monthly salary 先月/せんげつ = last month 来月/らいげつ = next month 今月/こんげつ = this month 満月/まんげつ = full moon 再来月/さらいげつ = month after next 月末/げつまつ = end of the month 月賦/げっぷ = monthly installment (instalment); monthly payment 月謝/げっしゃ = monthly tuition fee 月食/げっしょく = lunar eclipse 月収/げっしゅう = monthly income 月面/げつめん = moon's surface 月額/げつがく = monthly amount (sum) 月間/げっかん = month-long period; (during) month 月例/げつれい = monthly 月光/げっこう = moonlight; moonbeam 生年月日/せいねんがっぴ = birth date; date of birth; DOB

山

mountain Kun: やま 山/やま = mountain; hill, mine (e.g. coal mine), heap; pile, climax; peak; critical point 山道/やまみち = mountain road; mountain trail 山火事/やまかじ = forest fire (on a mountain); wildfire; bushfire 氷山/ひょうざん = iceberg (ei ole vesi mizu/sui, yksi viiva lisää vasemmalla puolella) 山小屋/やまごや = hut (esp. on a mountain); shack; refuge; shanty 小山/こやま = hill; knoll [(山葵/わさび = Wasabi​)] (山車/だし = parade float; festival float) On: サン、 (セン) 山脈/さんみゃく = mountain range; mountain belt 登山/とざん = mountain climbing [沢山/たくさん = a lot; lots; plenty; many; a large number; much; a great deal; a good deal​, enough; sufficient​, enough; too many; too much​] 火山/かざん = volcano 鉱山/こうざん = mine (ore) [(巫山戯る/ふざける = to joke; to jest; to kid; to josh, to make fun of; to laugh at; to play a prank​, to screw around​)] 山腹/さんぷく = hillside; mountainside 山頂/さんちょう = summit (of a mountain) 山賊/さんぞく = bandit; brigand

動

move, motion, change, confusion, shift, shake Kun: うご.く、 うご.かす 動く/うごく = to move; to stir; to shift; to shake; to swing, to operate; to run; to go; to work, to make a move; to take action; to act; to go into action, to be touched; to be influenced, to be transferred 動かす/うごかす = to move; to shift; to stir; to budge; to change position, to inspire; to rouse; to move (e.g. feeling); to influence, to change; to alter; to deny, to operate; to set in motion; to get going, to mobilize (e.g. troops); to mobilise; to deploy, to manage (e.g. funds) 動き/うごき = movement; move; motion, trend; development; change; fluctuation On: ドウ 動物/どうぶつ = animal 自動車/じどうしゃ = automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; car; auto 動物園/どうぶつえん = zoo; zoological gardens 行動/こうどう = action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation 運動/うんどう = exercise; physical training; work-out, appeal; campaign; drive; crusade; movement; lobbying, motion; movement​ 労働/ろうどう = manual labor; manual labour; toil; work, Labour Party​ (lyhenne) 動詞/どうし = verb​ 動機/どうき = motive; incentive, motif 暴動/ぼうどう = insurrection; rebellion; revolt; riot; uprising 動力/どうりょく = power; motive power; dynamic force 感動/かんどう = being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression 活動/かつどう = activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action 移動/いどう = movement; transfer; migration; removal; travel, mobile; moving; traveling; travelling; roving 自動/じどう = automatic​ 動作/どうさ = action; movements; motions; bearing; behaviour; behavior; execution; actuation; operation; manners 動揺/どうよう = shaking; trembling; pitching; rolling; oscillation, disturbance; unrest; agitation; excitement; commotion; turmoil; discomposure; feeling shaken 不動産/ふどうさん = real estate

新

new Kun: あたら.しい、 あら.た、 あら-、 (にい-) 新しい/あたらしい = new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern 新た/あらた = new; fresh; novel 新手/あらて = fresh supply of troops; newcomer​, new method; new trick On: シン 新聞/しんぶん = newspaper 新幹線/しんかんせん = Shinkansen; bullet train 新聞社/しんぶんしゃ = newspaper company 新/しん = new; neo-, newness; novelty 新鮮/しんせん = fresh 新人/しんじん = new face; newcomer; rookie; fresh recruit 新築/しんちく = new building; new construction 新婚/しんこん = newly-wed 新聞紙/しんぶんし = newsprint; newspaper used for wrapping, packing, etc., newspaper​ 新世界/しんせかい = New World (esp. the Americas, but also Australasia) 新党/しんとう = new (political) party 更新/こうしん = renewal; update; innovation; improvement 新米/しんまい = new rice; first rice crop of the year​, novice; beginner; newcomer; new hand 清新/せいしん = fresh; new 新入/しんにゅう = newly arrived; newly joined; newly entered; newcomer

北

north Kun: きた 北/きた = north, the North; northern territories 北風/きたかぜ = north wind On: ホク (北極/ほっきょく= North Pole) 南北/なんぼく = north and south; north to south (北海道/ほっかいどう = Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit) 北上/ほくじょう = going north 北欧/ほくおう = Northern Europe; Nordic countries; Scandinavia (北海/ほっかい = northern sea) (北方/ほっぽう = the north; northward; northern direction) 北部/ほくぶ = northern part; the north (of a region) 敗北/はいぼく = defeat, to be defeated

今

now Kun: いま 今/いま = now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately; (one) more 今に/いまに = before long; even now 今にも/いまにも = at any moment (now); at any minute; on the verge of (doing); just about to 今更/いまさら = now (after such a long time); at this late hour (i.e. it is too late for something); at this point of time, afresh; anew; again 今や/いまや = now (esp. in contrast to the past); now at last; at present; right now On: コン、 (キン) (今日/きょう = today; this day) (今朝/けさ = this morning) (今年/ことし = this year) 今週/こんしゅう = this week 今月/こんげつ = this month 今晩/こんばん = tonight; this evening 今度/こんど = this time; now, next time; another time; shortly; soon, recently; previous; last 今夜/こんや = this evening; tonight 今回/こんかい = now; this time; lately 今後/こんご = from now on; hereafter [今日は/こんにちわ = hello; good day; good afternoon​] 古今/ここん = ancient and modern times; all ages; past and present 昨今/さっこん = nowadays; recently 今夏/こんか = this summer; next summer; last summer 今期/こんき = the present term

自

oneself (Kun: みずか.ら、 おの.ずから、 おの.ずと) On: ジ、 シ 自転車/じてんしゃ = bicycle 自動車/じどうしゃ = automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; car; auto 自由/じゆう = freedom; liberty; as it pleases you 自然/しぜん = nature, natural; spontaneous; automatic, naturally; spontaneously; automatically 自殺/じさつ = suicide 自分/じぶん = myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself, I; me 自然科学/しぜんかがく = natural science 自治/じち = self-government; autonomy​ 自信/じしん = self-confidence; confidence (in oneself) 自己/じこ = self; oneself 自我/じが = self; the ego 自慢/じまん = pride; boast 自身/じしん = (one's) self; oneself 不自由/ふじゆう = discomfort; inconvenience, poverty; want; destitution, disability; impairment (physical, mental, etc.) 自動/じどう = automatic 自転/じてん = rotation (usu. on an axis); turning; spin​ 各自/かくじ = each (person); everyone; individual; respective 独自/どくじ = original; unique; distinctive; characteristic; peculiar, independent; one's own; personal 自立/じりつ = independence; self-reliance 自覚/じかく = self-consciousness; self-awareness

開

open, unfold, unseal Kun: ひら.く、 ひら.き、 -びら.き、 ひら.ける、 あ.く、 あ.ける 開ける/あける = to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to unlock​, to open (for business, etc.)​, to empty; to remove; to make space; to make room, to make (a hole); to open up (a hole) 開く/ひらく = to open; to undo; to unseal; to unpack, to bloom; to unfold; to spread out, to open (for business, e.g. in the morning), to hold (meeting, party, etc.); to give; to open, to open (a file, etc.)​ 開く/あく = to open (e.g. doors), to open (e.g. business, etc.)​ On: カイ 開始/かいし = start; commencement; beginning; initiation 展開/てんかい = development; evolution; progressing; unfolding; (plot) twist, expansion; spreading out; extending; deployment; building up 開拓/かいたく = reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development, pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground; trailblazing 開会/かいかい = opening of a meeting 開放/かいほう = opening (a door, window, etc.); leaving open, opening up (e.g. to the public); allowing (public) access 開通/かいつう = opening (of a new road, railway, etc.); going into operation (e.g. telephone communication); beginning services, reopening (e.g. a road to traffic); resumption of services 開発/かいはつ = development; exploitation 開催/かいさい = holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics) 公開/こうかい = opening to the public; making available to the public; putting on display; exhibiting; showing (play, movie, etc.); holding (interview, etc.); open; public 未開/みかい = uncivilized; uncivilised; primitive; savage, undeveloped (land); unexplored (territory, field, etc.) 開花/かいか = flowers budding; blooming; flowering, showing results; becoming popular; blooming 再開発/さいかいはつ = redevelopment 開業医/かいぎょうい = private clinician; physician in private practice; general practitioner, General practitioner 開発途上国/かいはつとじょうこく= developing country; emerging nation

分

part, minute of time, segment, share, degree, one's lot, duty, understand, know, rate, 1%, chances, shaku/100 Kun: わ.ける、 わ.け、 わ.かれる、 わ.かる、 (わ.かつ) 分かる/わかる = to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow​, to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out​, I know!; I think so too! 引き分け/ひきわけ = draw (in competition); tie game 分ける/わける = to divide (into); to split (into); to part; to separate; to divide up; to classify; to sort out; to divide out, to share; to distribute On: ブン、 フン、 ブ 気分/きぶん = feeling; mood 分析/ぶんせき = analysis 自分/じぶん = myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself 多分/たぶん = perhaps; probably, generous; many; much; great 半分/はんぶん = half 分布/ぶんぷ = distribution; allocation 水分/すいぶん = water; liquid; fluid; moisture; humidity; sap; juice 十分/じゅうぶん = enough; sufficient; plenty; adequate; satisfactory, sufficiently; fully; thoroughly; well; perfectly 分裂/ぶんれつ = split; division; break up 大部分/だいぶぶん = most part; greater part; majority​ 部分/ぶぶん = portion; section; part 分野/ぶんや = field; sphere; realm; division; branch 分/ぶん = part; segment; share; ration​, rate, degree; one's lot; one's status; relation; duty; kind; lot, relationship; connection; correspondence 随分/ずいぶん = very; extremely; surprisingly; considerably; awfully; terribly, terrible; horrid; contemptible; reprehensible​, remarkable; extraordinary 余分/よぶん = extra; excess; surplus 大分/だいぶ = considerably; greatly; a lot​

民

people, nation, subjects (Kun: たみ) On: ミン 市民/しみん = citizen; citizenry; public, city inhabitant; townspeople, bourgeoisie; middle class 国民/こくみん = people (of a country); nation; citizen; national 人民/じんみん = people; public 移民/いみん = emigration; immigration​, emigrant; immigrant 民族/みんぞく = people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos 植民地/しょくみんち = colony, colonial 住民/じゅうみん = inhabitant; resident; citizen; population 農民/のうみん = farmer; peasant 民間/みんかん = private; non-governmental; non-official; civilian; civil, folk; popular 庶民/しょみん = common people; ordinary people; masses 民宿/みんしゅく = pension; guesthouse; bed and breakfast; private home providing lodging for travelers (travellers) 民主主義/みんしゅしゅぎ = democracy 難民/なんみん = refugee; displaced person, person inconvenienced by (lack of something); person unable to satisfactorily (marry, shop, etc.) 民主党/みんしゅとう = Democratic Party (esp. DPJ or US Democratic Party) 国民総生産/こくみんそうせいさん = gross national product; GNP 公民権/こうみんけん = civil rights; franchise; citizenship 国民性/こくみんせい = national traits or character; nationality 民謡/みんよう = folk song; popular song 民衆/みんしゅう = people; populace; masses 市民権/しみんけん = citizenship; civic rights; civil rights, widespread acceptance; social recognition; common use

人

person Kun: ひと、 (-り)、 (-と) 人 / ひと = man; person​, human being; mankind; people​, character; personality​ 人 / と = person 人質 / ひとじち = hostage​ 恋人/こいびと = lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend, Significant other On: ジン、 ニン 外国人/がいこくじん = foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese 商人/しょうにん = merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper 人 / じん = -ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite)​, -er (e.g. performer, etc.), man; person; people​ 人 / にん = counter for people​, 詩人/しじん = poet 個人/こじん = individual; private person; personal; private 人形 / にんぎょう = doll; puppet; figure 殺人/さつじん = murder; homicide; manslaughter 人格/じんかく = personality; character; individuality; personhood 職人/しょくにん = craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman​ 人口 / じんこう = population, common talk​ 人文科学/じんぶんかがく = humanities; social sciences; liberal arts 人間 / にんげん = human being; person; man; mankind; humankind​, character (of a person)​ 人生 / じんせい = (human) life (i.e. conception to death)​, Human life​

野

plains, field, rustic, civilian life Kun: の、 の- 野/の = plain; field, wild​ (prefix) 大野/おおの = large field 野原/のはら = field; plain; prairie; moor On: ヤ、 (ショ) 野菜/やさい = vegetable 視野/しや = field of vision; view, one's outlook (e.g. on life); one's horizons 野党/やとう = opposition party; political opposition; opposition 分野/ぶんや = field; sphere; realm; division; branch 野心/やしん = ambition; aspiration, sinister designs; treachery 野生/やせい = wild; growing wild; living in the wild 野外/やがい = outdoors; outside; open air, fields; outskirts; suburbs 平野/へいや = plain; open field 野球/やきゅう = baseball 野蛮/やばん = savage; barbarous; barbaric; uncivilized; uncivilised 野暮/やぼ = boorish; unsophisticated; unrefined; uncouth; tasteless; insensitive; thoughtless; dumb 野望/やぼう = ambition; aspiration 野鳥/やちょう = wild bird​ 与野党/よやとう = ruling and opposition parties; parties in and out of power 野性/やせい = wildness (plants, animals, etc.); uncouth; rough; unpolished

力

power, strength, strong, strain, bear up, exert Kun: ちから 力/ちから = force; strength; might; vigour (vigor); energy, capability; ability; proficiency; capacity; faculty 力強い/ちからづよい = powerful; strong; forceful; vigorous, reassuring; encouraging 力添え/ちからぞえ = help; assistance; service 力仕事/ちからしごと = physical work; manual labour (labor) On: リョク、 リキ、 (リイ) 力/りょく = strength; power; proficiency; ability 電力/でんりょく = electric power 重力/じゅうりょく = gravity; gravitation; gravitational pull​ 暴力/ぼうりょく = violence; mayhem 権力/けんりょく = (political) power; authority; influence 圧力/あつりょく = pressure; stress​, pressure (e.g. political); coercion; arm-twisting 体力/たいりょく = stamina; endurance; physical strength; resilience; resistance to disease, strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential) 動力/どうりょく = power; motive power; dynamic force 努力/どりょく = effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving 能力/のうりょく = ability; faculty 協力/きょうりょく = cooperation; collaboration​ 魅力/みりょく = charm; fascination; glamour; glamor; attraction; appeal 強力/きょうりょく = powerful; strong 浮力/ふりょく = buoyancy; floating power 実力/じつりょく = (real) ability; true strength; merit; efficiency; competency, arms; force 活力/かつりょく = vitality; energy; dynamism 効力/こうりょく = effect; efficacy; validity; potency 力学/りきがく = mechanics; dynamics 力量/りきりょう = ability; capacity; capability; talent, physical strength 力点/りきてん = emphasis; stress; main point; importance

約

promise, approximately, shrink (Kun: つづ.まる、 つづ.める、 つづま.やか) On: ヤク 契約/けいやく = contract; compact; agreement 節約/せつやく = economising; saving 婚約/こんやく = engagement; betrothal 約束/やくそく = promise; agreement; arrangement; one's word; contract; pact; appointment; engagement; date, convention; rule, destiny; fate 予約/よやく = reservation; appointment; booking; advance order, contract; subscription; pledge, programming (e.g. a device); setting (e.g. a timer) 条約/じょうやく = treaty; pact; convention; agreement, Treaty 約/やく = approximately; about, promise, shortening; reduction; simplification 規約/きやく = agreement; rules; code; protocol; convention; bylaw 制約/せいやく = limitation; restriction; condition; constraints 倹約/けんやく = thrift; economy; frugality 確約/かくやく = firm promise; definite promise 公約/こうやく = public commitment; public promise; campaign pledge; official vow 婚約者/こんやくしゃ = fiance; fiancee 解約/かいやく = cancellation of a contract 集約/しゅうやく = intensiveness, collecting; summarizing; putting together; aggregating; integrating 誓約/せいやく = written vow; pledge; covenant 要約/ようやく = summary; digest 契約書/けいやくしょ = (written) contract; agreement 盟約/めいやく = oath; pledge; pact; covenant; alliance 平和条約/へいわじょうやく = peace treaty

震

quake, shake, tremble, quiver, shiver Kun: ふる.う、 ふる.える 震える/ふるえる = to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver 震わせる/ふるわせる = to (make something) quiver; to shake; to tremble; to vibrate 身震い/みぶるい = shivering (with cold); trembling (with fear); shuddering 震え上がる/ふるえあがる = to tremble violently; to shudder up; to shake 震え/ふるえ = shivering; trembling On: シン 地震/じしん = earthquake 脳震盪/のうしんとう = concussion (of the brain) 大地震/おおじしん = major earthquake; large earthquake 耐震性/たいしんせい = earthquake-proof 余震/よしん = aftershock 震源/しんげん = hypocentre (of an earthquake); hypocenter​ 耐震/たいしん = resistant to earthquakes 震災/しんさい = earthquake disaster 大震災/だいしんさい = great earthquake (disaster) 震動/しんどう = shock; tremor; impact; vibration 震撼/しんかん = shake; shock

位

rank, grade, throne, crown, about, some Kun: くらい、 (ぐらい) 位/くらい = throne; crown; (nobleman's) seat​, government position; court rank, social standing; rank; class; echelon; rung, grade (of quality, etc.); level; tier; rank [どの位/どのくらい = how long; how far; how much] On: イ 単位/たんい = unit; denomination, credit (in school) 位置/いち = place; situation; position; location 地位/ちい = (social) position; status 上位/じょうい = superior (in rank); top; ranking 下位/かい = low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte) 学位/がくい = (academic) degree 一位/いちい = first place; first rank; unit's position​ 皇位/こうい = imperial throne 王位/おうい = the throne; the crown 首位/しゅい = first place; head position; leading position 水位/すいい = water level 品位/ひんい = dignity; grace; nobility, grade; quality; fineness; carat; karat 優位/ゆうい = predominance; superiority; ascendancy; advantage; supremacy 方位/ほうい = bearing; heading; point of the compass 方位磁石/ほういじしゃく = compass

安

relax, cheap, low, quiet, rested, contented, peaceful Kun: やす.い、 やす.まる、 やす、 やす.らか 安い/やすい = cheap; inexpensive, calm; peaceful; quiet​ 安っぽい/やすっぽい = cheap-looking; tawdry; insignificant 安らか/やすらか = peaceful; tranquil; calm; restful 安売り/やすうり = bargain sale; selling cheaply, giving out freely 格安/かくやす = cheap; reasonable 割安/わりやす = economical; comparatively cheap 安らぎ/やすらぎ = peace (of mind); tranquility; tranquillity; serenity 安上がり/やすあがり = cheap; economical​ On: アン 不安/ふあん = anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity; suspense 安定/あんてい = stability; steadiness; equilibrium 安全/あんぜん = safety; security​ 安心/あんしん = relief; peace of mind 安易/あんい = easy; simple, easygoing; lighthearted; simplistic; irresponsible; careless; quick (to do) 安静/あんせい = rest; quiet; repose 安否/あんぴ = safety; welfare; well-being 不安定/ふあんてい = instability; insecurity; crankiness 安価/あんか = low-priced; cheap; inexpensive, shallow (e.g. sympathy); superficial; cheap (e.g. government) 安心感/あんしんかん = sense of security

報

report, news, reward, retribution (Kun: むく.いる) On: ホウ 天気予報/てんきよほう = weather forecast; weather report 情報/じょうほう = information; news; intelligence; advices, information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc. 報道/ほうどう = information; report; journalism; news, to report 報酬/ほうしゅう = remuneration; recompense; reward; toll 報告/ほうこく = report; information 予報/よほう = forecast; prediction 報じる/ほうじる = to inform; to report​ 報復/ほうふく = retaliation; revenge; reprisal; retribution, retorsion; retortion 報道機関/ほうどうきかん = information media; press; news organs, News media​ 報告書/ほうこくしょ = (written) report 警報/けいほう = alarm; warning 通報/つうほう = report; notification; tip; bulletin 報道陣/ほうどうじん = press corps 情報産業/じょうほうさんぎょう = information industry (日報/にっぽう = daily report)

田

rice field, rice paddy Kun: た 田/た = rice field (田舎/いなか = rural area; countryside; the sticks​, hometown) (田舎者/いなかもの = countryman; provincial; person from the country; provincial person; bumpkin; hick; hillbilly) (田舎道/いなかみち = country road) (田舎風/いなかふう = rustic; country-style) 青田/あおた = green paddy 田んぼ/たんぼ = paddy field; farm 田植え/たうえ = rice planting 田の神/たのかみ = deity of rice fields and harvests On: デン 田園/でんえん = the country; countryside; rural districts, cultivated land; fields 油田/ゆでん = oil field 水田/すいでん = (water-filled) paddy field 田園都市/でんえんとし = rural or garden city 田楽/でんがく = ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples, rice dance; rice festival 票田/ひょうでん = (favorable voting) constituency (favourable)

米

rice, USA, metre Kun: こめ、 (よね) 米/こめ = (husked grains of) rice, 米屋/こめや = rice shop; rice dealer 米粉/こめこ = rice flour On: ベイ、 マイ、 (メエトル) [米/メートル = metre; meter, meter; gauge​, Rice​] 米/べい = (United States of) America; USA​ [亜米利加/アメリカ = United States of America, America] 南米/なんべい = South America 欧米/おうべい = Europe and America; the West 米国/べいこく = America; USA 米価/べいか = rice price 新米/しんまい = new rice; first rice crop of the year​, novice; beginner; newcomer; new hand 米作/べいさく = rice crop 米国人/べいこくじん = an American 北米/ほくべい = North America 米市場/べいいちば = the rice market 米国車/べいこくしゃ = American car 米国民/べいこくみん = American (citizen) 米貨/べいか = American currency; US dollar 米飯/べいはん = cooked rice 米穀/べいこく = rice

同

same, agree, equal Kun: おな.じ 同じ/おなじ = same; identical; equal; uniform; equivalent; similar; common (origin); changeless; alike, anyway; anyhow; in either case 同い年/おないどし = the same age On: ドウ 同情/どうじょう = sympathy; compassion; pity 同調/どうちょう = sympathy; agreement with; alignment; conformity; tuning 同志/どうし = like-mindedness; (being of the) same mind; shared sentiment, comrade; fellow; kindred soul​ 混同/こんどう = confusion; mixing; merger 共同/きょうどう = doing together (as equals); sharing; common (land, etc.); joint (statement, etc.); cooperation; co-operation; collaboration; association 同様/どうよう = identical; equal to; same (kind); like; similarity 同僚/どうりょう = coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate 同意/どうい = agreement; consent; approval; assent, same opinion; same view, same meaning 同士/どうし = fellow; mutual; companion; comrade 一同/いちどう = all present; all concerned; all of us 同感/どうかん = agreement; same opinion; same feeling; sympathy; concurrence 同盟/どうめい = alliance; union; league 同等/どうとう = equality; equal; same rights; same rank; equivalence 同居/どうきょ = coexistence; living together 同/どう = the same; the said; ibid. 共同体/きょうどうたい = cooperative body; cooperative system; collective; community 同窓会/どうそうかい = graduate's association; alumni meeting; class reunion

部

section, bureau, dept, class, copy, part, portion, counter for copies of a newspaper or magazine Kun: -べ 部屋/へや = room; chamber, apartment; flat; pad On: ブ 全部/ぜんぶ = all; entire; whole; altogether 学部/がくぶ = department of a university 部長/ぶちょう = head (chief, director) of a section or department, head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team 警部/けいぶ = police inspector 大部分/だいぶぶん = most part; greater part; majority​ 部分/ぶぶん = portion; section; part 部品/ぶひん = parts; accessories; components 外部/がいぶ = outside (e.g. of a building); exterior, outside (of a group, company, etc.); outside world 本部/ほんぶ = headquarters; head office; main office [倶楽部/クラブ = club; fraternity; sorority; clubhouse​] 一部/いちぶ = one part; one portion; one section; some 部下/ぶか = subordinate person​ 部門/ぶもん = division (of a larger group); branch; field; class (subclass); group; category; department 内部/ないぶ = interior; inside; internal 幹部/かんぶ = management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons 一部分/いちぶぶん = part; portion; section 部/ぶ = department (in an organization); division; bureau​, club, part; component; element, category 部族/ぶぞく = tribe; clan; house 部隊/ぶたい = force; unit; corps; echelon; element, Troop​

見

see, hopes, chances, idea, opinion, look at, visible Kun: み.る、 み.える、 み.せる 見/み = looking; viewing, (please) try (to)​ 花見/はなみ = cherry blossom viewing; flower viewing 見る/みる = to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe, to look over; to look on; to assess; to examine; to judge​, to look after; to keep an eye on; to take care of, to view (e.g. flowers, movie)​, to try; to try out; to test, to see that...; to find that...​ 見せる/みせる = to show; to display 見合い/みあい = formal marriage interview; marriage meeting 見える/みえる = to be seen; to be in sight, to look; to seem; to appear, to come 見つかる/みつかる = to be found; to be discovered 見積もり/みつもり = estimate; estimation; valuation; quotation, Sales quote 見つける/みつける = to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to come across; to detect; to spot, to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to find fault, to be used to seeing; to be familiar with 見送り/みおくり = seeing one off; farewell; escort 見事/みごと = splendid; magnificent; excellent; fine; superb; beautiful; admirable, utter (esp. defeat); total; complete​, something worth seeing; sight; spectacle​ 見舞い/みまい = visiting ill or distressed people; writing get-well letters, get-well gifts; get-well letters​, expression of sympathy; expression of concern; enquiry; inquiry 見送る/みおくる = to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home), to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight, to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to let a pitch go by (baseball); to watch a batted ball go into the stands, to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone, to have someone related or close to you die; to bury someone, to take care of somebody until he dies, to wait and see; to continue (e.g. in legal contexts) 見舞う/みまう = to ask after (someone's health); to visit, to attack; to strike; to meet with misfortune; to suffer an attack 見本/みほん = sample; specimen; pattern, model; example On: ケン 見/けん = view (of life, etc.); outlook 発見/はっけん = discovery; detection; finding 意見/いけん = opinion; view; comment 偏見/へんけん = prejudice; bias; distorted view 見物/けんぶつ = sightseeing; watching; viewing, sightseer; watcher; spectator​ 拝見/はいけん = seeing; looking at​ 見解/けんかい = opinion; point of view 見当/けんとう = estimate; guess; conjecture; aim, direction; bearings, registration mark (printing), approximately; about; around 見学/けんがく = inspection; study by observation; field trip; tour; review

性

sex, gender, nature Kun: (さが) On: セイ、 ショウ 女性/じょせい = woman; female, feminine gender​ 男性/だんせい = man; male, masculine gender​ 性別/せいべつ = gender; distinction of sex; sex 理性/りせい = reason; reasoning power; (one's) sense 性格/せいかく = character (of a person); personality; disposition; nature, characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.) 性/せい = nature (of a person), sex, gender, -ty; -ity; -ness; -cy (suffix) 性質/せいしつ = nature; property; disposition 性能/せいのう = ability; performance; efficiency 知性/ちせい = intelligence 個性/こせい = individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic 適性/てきせい = aptitude; aptness; suitability 異性/いせい = the opposite sex​ 生産性/せいさんせい = productivity 感性/かんせい = sensitivity; sensitiveness; sense (of ...), Sensibility​ 国民性/こくみんせい = national traits or character; nationality 多様性/たようせい = diversity; variety 本性/ほんしょう = true character; real nature, Human nature​ 素性/すじょう = birth; lineage; parentage; origin, identity; background; history; past, provenance; origin 性欲/せいよく = sexual desire, Lust​ 性器/せいき = genitals

者

someone, person Kun: もの 者/もの = person 悪者/わるもの = bad fellow; rascal; ruffian; scoundrel On: シャ 患者/かんじゃ = patient 学者/がくしゃ = scholar 医者/いしゃ = (medical) doctor; physician​ 歯医者/はいしゃ = dentist 記者/きしゃ = reporter; journalist 著者/ちょしゃ = author (usu. of a particular book); writer 後者/こうしゃ = the latter 前者/ぜんしゃ = the former​ 役者/やくしゃ = actor; actress, man of wits; clever person; cunning fellow 筆者/ひっしゃ = writer; author 作者/さくしゃ = author; authoress; writer; composer; artist 業者/ぎょうしゃ = trader; dealer; businessman; vendor; supplier; manufacturer, fellow trader; people in the same trade 読者/どくしゃ = reader 達者/たっしゃ = in good health; healthy; well; robust; strong, skilled; clever; proficient 信者/しんじゃ = believer; adherent; devotee 配偶者/はいぐうしゃ = spouse; wife; husband; partner 科学者/かがくしゃ = scientist 走者/そうしゃ = runner

気

spirit, mind, air, atmosphere, mood (Kun: いき) On: キ、 ケ 病気/びょうき = illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. colds); disease; sickness, weirdness; bad habit; bad behaviour; craziness; perversion, Disease 電気/でんき = electricity, (electric) light 気分/きぶん = feeling; mood 気/き = spirit; mind; heart​, nature; disposition, motivation; intention, mood; feelings​, ambience; atmosphere; mood 天気予報/てんきよほう = weather forecast; weather report 勇気/ゆうき = courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness 気候/きこう = climate 天気/てんき = weather; the elements​, fair weather; fine weather 元気/げんき = lively; full of spirit; energetic; vigorous; vital; spirited, healthy; well; fit; in good health 蒸気/じょうき = steam; vapour; vapor, steamboat; steam locomotive​ 水蒸気/すいじょうき = water vapour; water vapor; steam 吐き気/はきけ = nausea; sickness in the stomach 気体/きたい = gas; vapour; vapor; gaseous body 気持ち/きもち = feeling; sensation; mood, preparedness; readiness; attitude, just a little; somewhat; slightly 空気/くうき = air; atmosphere, mood; situation, someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all​ 気質/きしつ = disposition; temperament; nature; mentality; spirit; character; trait; turn of mind 気象/きしょう = weather; climate​ 人気/にんき = popularity; public favor, condition (e.g. market); tone; character; nature 景気/けいき = business conditions; the market; economic activity; economic climate, good (economic) times; prosperity; boom, liveliness; energy; vigour; vigor; spirit

点

spot, point, mark, speck, decimal point (Kun: つ.ける、 つ.く、 た.てる、 さ.す、 とぼ.す、 とも.す、 ぼち) [点く/つく = to be lit (e.g. electricity comes on); to be lighted​, to catch fire​] On: テン 交差点/こうさてん = crossing; intersection 頂点/ちょうてん = top; summit 点/てん = dot; spot; point; speck; mark, mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; score; points, point (in a game); score; goal; run, point; aspect; matter; detail; part; respect; way; viewpoint, counter for goods, items, articles of clothing, works of art, etc. 得点/とくてん = scoring; score; points made; marks obtained; goals; runs​ 零点/れいてん = zero (points, marks); no marks, zero degrees (Celsius); freezing point​ 欠点/けってん = fault; defect; flaw; weak point; weakness; shortcoming; drawback​, failure (in an examination); failing grade 要点/ようてん = gist; main point 満点/まんてん = perfect score; full marks, extremely; very; quite 地点/ちてん = site; point on a map; spot 弱点/じゃくてん = weak point; weakness; shortcoming; defect; flaw; sore spot; tender spot​ 焦点/しょうてん = focus (e.g. photographic); focal point 点数/てんすう = marks; points; score; grade; runs (baseball), number of items; number of articles 採点/さいてん = marking; grading; scoring 重点/じゅうてん = important point; emphasis; stress; importance; priority 終点/しゅうてん = terminus; last stop (e.g. train) 観点/かんてん = point of view 利点/りてん = advantage; point in favor; point in favour 視点/してん = opinion; point of view; visual point

立

stand up, rise, set up, erect Kun: た.つ、 -た.つ、 た.ち-、 た.てる、 -た.てる、 た.て-、 たて-、 -た.て、 -だ.て、 -だ.てる 立つ/たつ = to stand; to rise; to stand up, to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position), to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)​ 役に立つ/やくにたつ = to be helpful; to be useful 立てる/たてる = to stand up; to put up; to set up; to erect; to raise​, to thrust into; to bury into; to dig into, to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to raise (a cloud of dust, etc.); to cause, to make; to establish; to set up; to develop; to formulate, to put up (a political candidate); to make (one's leader), to treat with respect; to give (someone) their due; to make (someone) look good; to avoid embarrassing (someone), to sharpen; to make clear, to shut; to close, to divide by 逆立ち/さかだち = handstand; headstand, being upside down; being in reverse 立場/たちば = position; situation, viewpoint; standpoint; point of view 立ち上がる/たちあがる = to stand up; to get up, to rise, to recover, to take action; to start, to start up; to boot up​ 立ち止まる/たちどまる = to stop (in one's tracks); to come to a stop; to halt; to pause; to stand still 目立つ/めだつ = to be conspicuous; to stand out 組み立てる/くみたてる = to assemble; to set up; to construct 夕立/ゆうだち = (sudden) evening shower (rain) 立ち寄る/たちよる = to stop by; to drop in for a short visit 立ち入り/たちいり = entering; going into 献立/こんだて = menu; bill of fare, program; programme; schedule 立ち往生/たちおうじょう = being brought to a standstill; being stranded; getting stuck; stalling; deadlock, being stumped; being in a dilemma; stopping in one's tracks; standing speechless, dying while standing (and remaining standing); dying on one's feet 立ち退き/たちのき = eviction 立ち去る/たちさる = to leave; to depart; to take one's leave On: リツ、 (リュウ、 リットル) 独立/どくりつ = independence; self-reliance; supporting oneself; being on one's own, independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom, separation; isolation 立派/りっぱ = splendid; fine; handsome; elegant; imposing; prominent, praiseworthy; creditable; worthy, legal; legitimate; lawful, undeniable (e.g. crime); indisputable; solid 中立/ちゅうりつ = neutrality 対立/たいりつ = confrontation; opposition; antagonism 成立/せいりつ = formation; establishment; materialization; coming into existence, conclusion (e.g. of a deal); approval; completion; arrangement, being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding; applying 私立/しりつ = private (establishment)​ 国立/こくりつ = national 設立/せつりつ = establishment; founding, incorporation (of a business) 立法府/りっぽうふ = assize; court, legislature 立候補/りっこうほ = announcing candidacy; becoming a candidate; bidding (to host an event e.g. Olympics, World Cup) 立証/りっしょう = establishing proof; demonstration; substantiation 立案/りつあん = planning; devising (a plan), drafting; drawing up 立体的/りったいてき = three-dimensional 立法/りっぽう = legislation; lawmaking 立体/りったい = solid body; three-dimensional object, multi-storey car park

川

stream, river, river or three-stroke river radical Kun: かわ 川/かわ = river; stream​ 小川/おがわ = stream; brook; creek 川沿い/かわぞい = along the river; riverside 川上/かわかみ = upper reaches of a river; upstream​ 川岸/かわぎし = riverbank; riverside 川風/かわかぜ = breeze off a river 川流れ/かわながれ = being carried away by a current, drowning in a river; person who drowned in a river, cancellation; standing up; breaking a promise 川下/かわしも = downstream​ 川下り/かわくだり = going downstream (in a boat) 川端/かわばた = riverbank (On: セン) 河川/かせん = rivers

打

strike, hit, knock, pound, dozen Kun: う.つ、 う.ち-、 {ぶ.つ} 打つ/うつ = to hit; to strike; to knock; to beat; to punch; to slap; to tap; to bang; to clap; to pound​, to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.), to move; to impress; to touch, to drive in; to hammer in; to put in; to inject, to make (noodles, etc.); to prepare 打ち合わせ/うちあわせ = advance arrangements; preparatory meeting; briefing session, overlap (of a coat, etc.) 打ち込む/うちこむ = to drive in (e.g. nail, stake); to hammer in, to hit (a ball, etc.); to drive; to smash, to fire into (e.g. a crowd); to launch (e.g. missiles); to lob (e.g. grenades), to input (data); to enter, to devote oneself to; to go heart and soul into; to throw oneself into; to go head over heels for 打ち切る/うちきる = to stop; to abort; to discontinue; to close 値打ち/ねうち = value; worth; price; dignity 打ち合わせる/うちあわせる = to knock together; to strike against each other, to arrange (e.g. a meeting); to discuss (in advance) 打ち切り/うちきり = end; close; finish; truncation; discontinuance; closure; cancellation; breaking off; aborting [打つ/ぶつ = to hit (a person); to strike; to beat, to deliver (a speech); to give (an address)​] {打つかる/ぶつかる = [to strike against; to collide with; to bump into; to conflict​], to encounter; to meet, to clash} [打付ける/ぶつける = to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to crash into​, to throw (e.g. a ball, a question, a demand)​, to express; to vent (e.g. one's anger)​] 打っ掛け/ぶっかけ = [splashing on; splashing at], bukkake; ejaculation onto someone's face​​ On: ダ、 (ダース) 打撃/だげき = blow; shock; strike; damage, batting​ 打率/だりつ = batting average 打倒/だとう = knockdown (e.g. in boxing); overthrow; defeat 打診/だしん = percussion; tapping; examining by percussion​, sounding out (someone's intentions); making an approach (about) 打破/だは = breaking down; defeating; abolishing 一打/いちだ = stroke; blow

学

study, learning, science (Kun: まな.ぶ) On: ガク 学校/がっこう = school 大学/だいがく = university; college​ 数学/すうがく = mathematics; arithmetic 科学/かがく = science 文学/ぶんがく = literature 入学/にゅうがく = entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment) 医学/いがく = medical science; medicine 小学校/しょうがっこう = primary school; elementary school; grade school 中学校/ちゅうがっこう = junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school 高等学校/こうとうがっこう = senior high school; high school 学者/がくしゃ = scholar 留学/りゅうがく = studying abroad 通学/つうがく = commuting to school; school commute 化学/かがく = chemistry​ 学習/がくしゅう = study; learning; tutorial 奨学金/しょうがくきん = scholarship; stipend; bursary, student loan 学期/がっき = school term; semester 哲学/てつがく = philosophy 学生/がくせい = student (esp. a university student) 留学生/りゅうがくせい = overseas student; exchange student

代

substitute, change, convert, replace, period, age, counter for decades of ages, eras, etc., generation, charge, rate, fee Kun: か.わる、 かわ.る、 かわ.り、 か.わり、 -がわ.り、 -が.わり、 か.える、 (よ、 しろ) 代わり/かわり = substitute; replacement; substituting; replacing, stand-in; proxy; alternate; deputy; relief; successor, compensation; exchange; return​, another helping; second helping; seconds; refill​ お代わり/おかわり = another helping; second helping; seconds; refill​ 代わる代わる/かわるがわる = alternately; by turns On: ダイ、 {タイ} 代理/だいり = representation; agency; proxy; deputy; agent; attorney; substitute; alternate; acting (principal, etc.) 時代/じだい = period; epoch; era; age, the times; those days, oldness; ancientness; antiquity 世代/せだい = generation; the world; the age 古代/こだい = ancient times 現代/げんだい = nowadays; modern era; modern times; present-day 代表/だいひょう = representative; representation; delegation; type; example; model 年代/ねんだい = age; era; period; date 代金/だいきん = price; cost; charge; payment; bill; fee 近代/きんだい = present day; modern times; recent times {交代/こうたい = alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.); taking turns} 代用/だいよう = substitution 代弁/だいべん = speaking by proxy; speaking for (someone else); acting as spokesman (for); representing (the views, feelings, etc. of)​, payment by proxy; compensation by proxy; paying on behalf (of)​, acting for (someone else); carrying out (on someone's behalf)

表

surface, table, chart, diagram Kun: おもて、 -おもて、 あらわ.す、 (あらわ.れる、 あら.わす) 表/おもて = surface, face (i.e. the visible side of an object), outside; exterior, appearance, public 表す/あらわす = to represent; to signify; to stand for​, to reveal; to show; to display, to express On: ヒョウ 表情/ひょうじょう = facial expression; countenance, look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.) 表紙/ひょうし = cover (of a book, magazine, etc.); binding, appearing on the cover of a magazine, Book cover 時刻表/じこくひょう = timetable; schedule, Public transport timetable​ 表現/ひょうげん = expression; presentation 発表/はっぴょう = announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known; breaking (news story); expressing (one's opinion); releasing; unveiling 代表/だいひょう = representative; representation; delegation; type; example; model 表面/ひょうめん = surface; face, outside; exterior, appearances; superficiality 公表/こうひょう = official announcement; proclamation 図表/ずひょう = chart; diagram; graph; figure 表明/ひょうめい = declaration; indication; representation; manifestation; demonstration; expression; announcement; assertion 表/ひょう = table (e.g. Table 1); chart; list 表示/ひょうじ = indication; expression; showing; manifestation; demonstration, display; displaying​ 辞表/じひょう = letter of resignation 地表/ちひょう = surface of the earth; ground surface 表裏/ひょうり = front and back; inside and outside; two sides; both sides, duplicity; double-dealing; being two-faced​

連

take along, lead, join, connect, party, gang, clique Kun: つら.なる、 つら.ねる、 つ.れる、 (-づ.れ) 連れ/つれ = companion; company 連ねる/つらねる = to line up; to put in a row, to take along with; to bring with, to add (to a group); to accept (as a member of an organization, etc.); to join (e.g. a list) 連れる/つれる = to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by On: レン 連想/れんそう = association (of ideas); being reminded (of something); suggestion 連絡/れんらく = to contact; to get in touch, contacting; getting in touch; communication; call; message, connection; coordination; junction 連邦/れんぽう = commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union 関連/かんれん = relation; connection; relevance 連続/れんぞく = continuation; succession; series 連合/れんごう = union; alliance; combination 連中/れんちゅう = company; lot; bunch; gang; pack; those guys; group 一連/いちれん = series; chain; sequence​ 連休/れんきゅう = consecutive holidays 連帯/れんたい = solidarity, joint; collective 連日/れんじつ = day after day; every day 連盟/れんめい = league; federation; union; alliance 連隊/れんたい = regiment

取

take, fetch, take up Kun: と.る、 と.り、 と.り-、 とり、 -ど.り 取る/とる = to take; to pick up; to harvest; to earn; to win; to choose, to steal​, to eat; to have (a meal)​, to remove (one's glasses, etc.)​, to compete (in sumo, cards, etc.); to play 取引/とりひき = transactions; dealings; business 取り替える/とりかえる = to exchange; to swap; to barter, to replace; to substitute 受け取る/うけとる = to receive; to get; to accept, to take; to interpret; to understand 取れる/とれる = to come off; to be removed, (of pain, a fever, etc.) to disappear, to be caught; to be harvested​, to be interpreted (as); to be taken as, (of balance, etc.) to be attained, to be obtainable​ 取り上げる/とりあげる = to pick up, to adopt (e.g. a proposal); to accept; to take up (a topic, complaint, etc.); to listen to; to deal with; to feature, to take away; to confiscate; to deprive (someone) of; to revoke, to deliver (a baby), to collect (taxes) 取り消す/とりけす = to cancel; to withdraw; to retract; to take back (words, etc.); to revoke 受取り/うけとり = receiving; receipt 取り出す/とりだす = to take out; to produce; to pick out, to fetch; to retrieve 取り入れる/とりいれる = to harvest; to reap, to take in; to gather in, to adopt (e.g. idea); to accept (e.g. advice); to introduce; to borrow (e.g. word) 書き取り/かきとり = writing down from other written material; writing kanji text from hiragana, transcription (of spoken material) 日取り/ひどり = fixed date; appointed day 取っ手/とって = handle; grip; knob 引き取る/ひきとる = to take into one's possession; to receive; to accept; to collect; to claim, to take into one's care (e.g. person, pet); to take custody of; to adopt, to leave; to go away; to withdraw; to get out 取り扱い/とりあつかい = treatment; service; handling; management 取り締まり/とりしまり = control; management; supervision 取り戻す/とりもどす = to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover 取り除く/とりのぞく = to remove; to deinstall; to take away; to set apart 取り分け/とりわけ = [especially; above all], inter alia; among others {On: シュ} {取材/しゅざい = news coverage; collecting data (e.g. for an article); covering (something for media), interview}

高

tall, high, expensive Kun: たか.い、 たか、 -だか、 たか.まる、 たか.める 高/たか = quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money 高い/たかい = high; tall​, expensive; high-priced, high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.), loud, high-pitched; shrill 高める/たかめる = to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance 高まる/たかまる = to rise; to swell; to be promoted 高さ/たかさ = height; altitude; elevation; level​ 残高/ざんだか = (bank) balance; remainder 名高い/なだかい = famous; noted; renowned; celebrated; well-known On: コウ 高/こう = high-​ 高等学校/こうとうがっこう = senior high school; high school 高校/こうこう = senior high school; high school​ 高校生/こうこうせい = senior high school student 最高/さいこう = most; highest; maximum; uppermost; supreme 高価/こうか = highly priced; expensive; valuable; costly 高速/こうそく = high-speed; rapid; express, highway; freeway; expressway; motorway (lyhenne) 高度/こうど = altitude; height; elevation, high-degree; high-grade; advanced; sophisticated; strong 高級/こうきゅう = high class; high grade, high rank; seniority 高等/こうとう = high class; high grade 高尚/こうしょう = high; noble; refined; advanced 高速道路/こうそくどうろ = highway; freeway; expressway; motorway, Controlled-access highway​ 高齢者/こうれいしゃ = old person; old people, Old age 高血圧/こうけつあつ = high blood pressure; hypertension 高潮/こうちょう = high tide; high water, climax; high point, Storm surge​

万

ten thousand, 10,000 (Kun: よろず) On: マン、 バン 万年筆/まんねんひつ = fountain pen 万/まん = 10,000; ten thousand​, myriad 万一/まんいち = emergency; unlikely event (lit. 1 in 10,000), by some chance; by some possibility 万能/ばんのう = all-purpose; utility; universal, all-powerful; almighty; omnipotent; all-round (e.g. athlete) 万引き/まんびき = shoplifting; shoplifter 万歳/ばんざい = crying "banzai" (or raising one's hands in the banzai gesture), something worthy of celebration, banzai (a celebratory cheer); hurrah (hooray, hurray) 万事/ばんじ = all; everything 万人/ばんにん = all people; everybody, ten thousand people １００万/ひゃくまん = 1,000,000; one million; million, many 万が一/まんがいち = if by any chance; just in case; in the worst case; in the unlikely event that; 10000 to 1 １０万/じゅうまん = 100,000; hundred thousand 万全/ばんぜん = perfection; flawlessness 万国/ばんこく = all countries; the whole world; universal; all nations 数万/すうまん = tens of thousands １万/いちまん = 10,000; ten thousand 万物/ばんぶつ = all things; all creation 万策/ばんさく = all means 千差万別/せんさばんべつ = an infinite variety of; multifarious; being extremely varied and wide-ranging​

時

time, hour Kun: とき、 -どき (時計/とけい = watch; clock; timepiece) 時/とき = time; hour; moment, occasion; case, chance; opportunity; season, the times; the age; the day​ 時々/ときどき = sometimes; at times (何時も/いつも = always; usually; every time​, never) (何時でも/いつでも = (at) any time; always; at all times; whenever​) (何時までも/いつまでも = forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what​) 時折/ときおり = sometimes On: ジ 時間/じかん = time, hour, period; class; lesson 時間割/じかんわり = timetable (esp. a weekly school timetable); schedule, School timetable 時代/じだい = period; epoch; era; age, the times; those days, oldness; ancientness; antiquity 当時/とうじ = at that time; in those days 時刻表/じこくひょう = timetable; schedule, Public transport timetable​ 時期/じき = time; season; period; phase; stage 時刻/じこく = instant; time; moment 時速/じそく = speed (per hour) 臨時/りんじ = temporary; provisional; interim, special; extraordinary; extra 時差/じさ = time difference

共

together, both, neither, all, and, alike, with (Kun: とも、 とも.に、 -ども) [共に/ともに = together; jointly​, at the same time; with; as ...; including; along with, both​] 共働き/ともばたらき = (husband and wife) both working; dual income​ 共稼ぎ/ともかせぎ = (husband and wife) earning a living together [其れ共/それれとも = or; or else] On: キョウ 公共/こうきょう = public; community; public service; society; communal 共鳴/きょうめい = resonance; sympathetic (sound); (being in) sympathy 共感/きょうかん = sympathy; empathy; response 共同/きょうどう = doing together (as equals); sharing; common (land, etc.); joint (statement, etc.); cooperation; co-operation; collaboration; association​ 共通/きょうつう = common; shared; mutual, to be common (to); to be shared (by), -wide (suffix) 共産主義/きょうさんしゅぎ = communism; collectivism 共和党/きょうわとう = Republican Party 共同体/きょうどうたい = cooperative body; cooperative system; collective; community 公共料金/こうきょうりょうきん = public utilities charge, Cost of living​ 共有/きょうゆう = joint ownership; co-ownership; sharing (e.g. a viewpoint), sharing (files, devices on a network, posts on social media, etc.) 共用/きょうよう = common use; communal use; sharing 共立/きょうりつ = joint; common 共済/きょうさい = mutual aid 共和国/きょうわこく = republic; commonwealth

通

traffic, pass through, avenue, commute, counter for letters, notes, documents, etc. Kun: とお.る、 とお.り、 -とお.り、 -どお.り、 とお.す、 とお.し、 -どお.し、 {かよ.う} 大通り/おおどおり = main street 通る/とおる = to go by; to go past; to go along; to travel along; to pass through; to use (a road); to take (a route); to go via; to go by way of, to run (between); to operate (between); to connect, to come in, to go into a room, to penetrate, to go through, to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.).... {通う/かよう = to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to run between (e.g. bus, train, etc.); to ply between, to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to commute; to frequent, to resemble} 通り/とおり = avenue; street; way; road, coming and going; street traffic, flow (of water, air, etc.), fame; reputation; popularity, understanding; comprehension 通す/とおす = to stick through; to force through, to spread throughout, to let pass; to allow through, to lead (someone) into (a house, room, etc.); to show in 通り過ぎる/とおりすぎる = to go past; to pass; to pass by On: ツウ、 (ツ) 普通/ふつう = general; ordinary; usual, normally; generally; usually, really​, local train; train that stops at every station​ (lyhenne) 交通/こうつう = traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse 通学/つうがく = commuting to school; school commute 通勤/つうきん = commuting to work 通訳/つうやく = interpretation (i.e. oral translation), interpreter 通貨/つうか = currency 通路/つうろ = passage; pathway; roadway; avenue; aisle 流通/りゅうつう = circulation (money, goods, etc.); distribution, circulation (air, water, etc.); ventilation; flow, negotiable (e.g. shares); distributional; circulating 共通/きょうつう = common; shared; mutual, to be common (to); to be shared (by), -wide (suffix) 通過/つうか = passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); transit, passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage, passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing 通信/つうしん = correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications 通行/つうこう = passage (of people, traffic); passing, common usage 通じる/つうじる = to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to communicate (with), to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to get through to, to be understood; to be comprehended, to be well versed in; to be well-informed 通知/つうち = notice; notification; report; posting

調

tune, tone, meter, key (music), writing style, prepare, exorcise, investigate, harmonize, mediate Kun: しら.べる、 しら.べ、 (ととの.う、 ととの.える) 調べる/しらべる = to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study; to inquire; to search 調べ/しらべ = investigation; inspection; examination, tune; note; melody 下調べ/したしらべ = preliminary investigation; preparation On: チョウ 調査/ちょうさ = investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey 同調/どうちょう = sympathy; agreement with; alignment; conformity; tuning 調理/ちょうり = cooking; food preparation 調子/ちょうし = tune; tone; key; pitch; time; rhythm, vein; mood; way; manner; style; knack, condition; state of health, impetus; spur of the moment; strain, trend 順調/じゅんちょう = favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right 強調/きょうちょう = emphasis; highlight; stress; stressed point 調整/ちょうせい = adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing; tailoring 調節/ちょうせつ = regulation; adjustment; control 調和/ちょうわ = harmony; accord; reconciliation; agreement 単調/たんちょう = monotony; monotone; dullness 好調/こうちょう = favourable; favorable; promising; satisfactory; in good shape 調印/ちょういん = signature; signing; sealing 協調/きょうちょう = cooperation; conciliation; harmony; coordination 不調/ふちょう = bad condition; not to work out (i.e. a deal); disagreement; break-off; disorder; slump; out of form

最

utmost, most, extreme (Kun: {もっと.も}、 (つま)) {最も/もっとも = most; extremely} [(最早/もはや = already; now, no longer; not any more)] (最寄り/もより = nearest; neighbouring; neighboring; nearby) On: サイ、 (シュ) 最近/さいきん = recently; lately; these days; nowadays; right now, nearest; closest 最初/さいしょ = beginning; outset; first; onset 最後/さいご = end; conclusion, last; final; latest; most recent, no sooner than; once; right after (often having negative consequences)​ 最高/さいこう = most; highest; maximum; uppermost; supreme, best; wonderful; finest​ 最終/さいしゅう = last; final; closing 最低/さいてい = least; lowest; minimum​, worst​, awful; horrible; nasty; disgusting, at the very least 最中/さいちゅう = in the middle of; height of; in course of; midst 最善/さいぜん = the very best; utmost 最上/さいじょう = best 最新/さいしん = latest; newest; late-breaking (news) 最良/さいりょう = the best; ideal 最大限/さいだいげん = maximum, to the maximum degree 最悪/さいあく = worst, horrible; horrid; awful; terrible​, in the worst case; if worst comes to worst​ 最終的/さいしゅうてき = final; eventual; ultimate 最適/さいてき = most suitable; optimum; optimal; best 最小限/さいしょうげん = minimum; lowest

勝

victory, win, prevail, excel Kun: か.つ、 -が.ち、 まさ.る、 すぐ.れる、 かつ 勝つ/かつ = to win; to gain victory 勝ち/かち = win; victory 勝る/まさる = to excel; to surpass; to exceed; to have an edge; to be superior; to outrival, to outweigh; to preponderate 勝手/かって = one's own convenience; one's way; selfishness, surroundings; environment; way of doing things, convenience; ease of use, financial circumstances; living; livelihood 勝ち負け/かちまけ = victory or defeat [有り勝ち/ありがち = frequent; common; usual] 勝手気まま/かってきまま = self-willed; (doing or saying things) to suit one's own convenience; oblivious to the convenience of others On: ショウ 優勝/ゆうしょう = overall victory; championship 勝利/しょうり = victory; triumph; conquest; success; win 勝負/しょうぶ = victory or defeat, match; contest; game; bout 勝敗/しょうはい = victory or defeat; issue (of battle); outcome 決勝/けっしょう = decision of a contest; finals (in sports) 勝者/しょうしゃ = winner; victor 大勝/たいしょう = great victory; crushing victory 連勝/れんしょう = consecutive victories; series of victories 圧勝/あっしょう = complete victory 戦勝/せんしょう = victory; triumph

対

vis-a-vis, opposite, even, equal, versus, anti-, compare (Kun: あいて、 こた.える、 そろ.い、 つれあ.い、 なら.ぶ、 むか.う) On: タイ、 {ツイ} 対象/たいしょう = target; object (of worship, study, etc.); subject (of taxation, etc.) 反対/はんたい = opposition; resistance; antagonism; hostility; objection; dissent, reverse; opposite; inverse; contrary 絶対/ぜったい = definitely; absolutely; unconditionally​, absolute; unconditional; unmistakable, absoluteness 対策/たいさく = measure; provision; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove 応対/おうたい = dealing with (people, customers, complaints, etc.); receiving (callers, visitors, etc.); attending to; handling; serving 対立/たいりつ = confrontation; opposition; antagonism 対照/たいしょう = contrast; antithesis; comparison 対処/たいしょ = dealing with; coping with 対応/たいおう = correspondence (to); equivalence, suitability; coordination; matching; being appropriate (for), dealing with; coping with; handling; response; reception; reaction, compatibility (with technology, software, etc.); capability; support (for) 対等/たいとう = equality (esp. of status, on equal terms); equivalence, equivalent; equal 対抗/たいこう = opposition; antagonism 退治/たいじ = extermination (e.g. of pests, demons, bandits); elimination; eradication; destruction; suppression, curing illness 対決/たいけつ = confrontation; showdown 対話/たいわ = dialogue; discussion; conversation; interaction 対談/たいだん = talk; dialogue; conversation 対比/たいひ = contrast; comparison {対/つい = pair; couple; set, antithesis​, counter for items that come in pairs, counter for sets (of clothes, small furniture, utensils, etc.)}

戦

war, battle, match Kun: (いくさ)、 たたか.う、 (おのの.く)、 (そよ.ぐ)、 (わなな.く) 戦う/たたかう = to make war (on); to wage war (against); to go to war (with); to fight (with); to do battle (against), to compete (against), to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight; to contend; to resist​ 戦い/たたかい = battle; fight; struggle; conflict On: セン 戦争/せんそう = war, fighting; fierce competition 戦闘/せんとう = battle; fight; combat 戦術/せんじゅつ = tactics 作戦/さくせん = tactics; strategy, military operation; naval operation 大戦/たいせん = great war; great battle 挑戦/ちょうせん = challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try 休戦/きゅうせん = cease-fire; truce; armistice 戦力/せんりょく = war potential; military strength; fighting power, ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset 敗戦/はいせん = defeat; lost battle; losing a war 戦後/せんご = postwar period; period after Second World War 戦死/せんし = death in battle, Killed in action 戦略/せんりゃく = strategy; tactics 世界大戦/せかいたいせん = the World War 内戦/ないせん = civil war 停戦/ていせん = armistice; ceasefire 冷戦/れいせん = cold war 戦車/せんしゃ = tank (military vehicle), chariot​ 戦線/せんせん = (war) front, Front (military)

全

whole, entire, all, complete, fulfill {Kun: まった.く、 すべ.て} [全て/すべて = everything; all; the whole, entirely; completely; wholly; all​] 全く/まったく = really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly, indeed, [good grief​] On: ゼン 全部/ぜんぶ = all; entire; whole; altogether 安全/あんぜん = safety; security​ 全然/ぜんぜん = not at all (with neg. verb), wholly; entirely; completely 全員/ぜんいん = all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew 完全/かんぜん = perfect; complete 全体/ぜんたい = whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter) 全国/ぜんこく = the whole country 全身/ぜんしん = whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait) 全集/ぜんしゅう = complete works 健全/けんぜん = healthy; sound; wholesome 全盛/ぜんせい = height of prosperity 全快/ぜんかい = complete recovery of health 全滅/ぜんめつ = annihilation; total destruction; complete destruction; crushing defeat 心不全/しんふぜん = heart failure 完全試合/かんぜんしあい = perfect game 完全雇用/かんぜんこよう = full employment 全力/ぜんりょく = all one's power (strength, energy, efforts); one's utmost 全面的/ぜんめんてき = total; complete; all-out; general; extensive; full-scale

女

woman, female Kun: おんな、 め 女/おんな = female; woman; female sex​, female lover; girlfriend; mistress; (someone's) woman 女の子/おんなのこ = girl; daughter​, young woman 女の人/おんなのひと = woman 女神/めがみ = goddess; female deity 女らしい/おんならしい = womanly; ladylike; feminine On: ジョ、 {ニョ}、 {ニョウ} 女性/じょせい = woman; female, feminine gender 女/じょ = woman; girl; daughter 少女/しょうじょ = little girl; maiden; young lady; female usually between 7 and 18 years old 彼女/かのじょ = she; her​, girlfriend​ 女優/じょゆう = actress {女房/にょうぼう = wife (esp. one's own wife), court lady; female court attache; woman who served at the imperial palace}​ 女王/じょおう = queen 王女/おうじょ = princess 女子/じょし = woman; girl 長女/ちょうじょ = eldest daughter; first-born daughter 女史/じょし = Ms; Miss; Madame​ 女装/じょそう = female clothing; wearing female clothing; cross dressing (for a man) 魔女/まじょ = witch 魔女狩り/まじょがり = witch hunt 男女/だんじょ = men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders 女子高生/じょしこうせい = female high-school student 女中/じょちゅう = maid; female servant 女学生/じょがくせい = schoolgirl; female student {女人/にょにん = women}