Katz Management Chapter 8 Terms
planning process
- define objectives - determine where you stand - develop premises - analyze alternatives and make a plan - implement the plan
Benefits of Planning
Improves 1: focus & flexibility 2: action orientation 3: coordination & control 4: time management
Attainable
Realistic, possible to accomplish
Setting SMART goals
Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Timely
organizing
To create structure
controlling
To ensuring results
leading
To inspiring effort
Planning
To set the direction
budgets
a plan that commits resources to projects or activities
procedure
a rule describing actions that are to be take in specific situations
policies
a standing plan that communicates broad guidelines for decisions and actions
plan
a statement of intended means for accomplishing objectives
zero based budget
allocates resources as if each budget were brand new
forecasting
attempting to predict the future with qualitive and quantitative analysis. Often, use mathematical models and historical data
complacency trap
being carried along by the flow of events
vision
clarifies the purpose of the organization and expresses what it hopes to be in the future
Specific
desired outcomes clear to everyone
Realistic/Challenging
focused on doing better
tactical plan
helps to implement all or parts of a strategic plan
contingency planning
identifies alternative courses of action to take when things go wrong, anticipate changing conditions, contain trigger points
strategic plan
identifies long term directions for the organization
operational plan
identifies short term activities to implement strategic plans
objectives/goals
identify the specific results or desired outcomes that one intends to achieve
participatory planning
includes the persons who will be affected by plans and or those who will implement them
functional plans
indicate how different operations within the organization will help advance the overall strategy
Timely
like to due date and timetable
scenario planning
long term contingency planning, identify alternative future scenarios, plans made for each future scenario, increases organizations flexibility and preparation for future shocks.
Hierarchy of goals
lower-level goals and objectives support accomplishments of higher level goals and objectives
Measurable
no doubt when accomplished or missed
stretch goals
performance targets that one must work extra hard and stretch to reach
outcome goals
set targets for actual performance results
learning goals
set targets to create the knowledge and skills required for performance
planning
the process of setting objectives and determining how to accomplish them
best practices
things people and organizations do that lead to superior performance
short term plans
typically cover one year or less
long term plans
typically look three or more years into the future
benchmarking
uses external and internal comparisons to plan for future improvements, adopting best practices, staff planners assist in all steps of the planning process
