Keystone Biology Review #1 (Taxonomy-Biochemistry)

Which statement best describes how organisms use DNA and amino acids to synthesize a protein?

A. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated by the ribosome to produce an amino acid chain.

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?

B. They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.

carbohydrates

Broken down to glucose to provide energy.

Which of the following is essential to proper functioning of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

C. ATP

What is the main purpose for initiating the production of folding helpers in a cell?

D. maintaining homeostasis

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells?

A. It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes.

Plants are dependent on water. In most plants, water is absorbed by the roots and then moves up the stem of the plant and into the leaves by capillary action. Which properties of water are most responsible for the capillary action in plants?

A. adhesion and cohesion

. Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves?

A. the attraction between molecules

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

B. Monomers are linked to form a polymer

. Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?

B. The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific

Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?

B. The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.

Which sequence best orders ecological categories from the one with the fewest number of individuals to the one with the greatest number of individuals?

B. population, community, ecosystem, biome

Which statement best describes a relationship between enzymes and a simple biological reaction?

C. A reaction rate can be increased when the specific enzyme for a biological reaction is present

Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?

C. They use energy to function.

Tadpoles grown in ponds with high densities of tadpoles have lower survival and growth rates than tadpoles grown in ponds with lower densities of tadpoles. Which interaction between tadpoles grown in high-tadpole-density ponds would most likely cause the decreased survival and growth rates?

C. competition

. The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon?

D. C≡C≡C

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

D. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not

Microbes in the digestive system break down food, which allows nutrients to be absorbed by the body's cells. How will these body cells most likely be affected if an individual suffers from a high fever?

D. The body cells will bring in fewer nutrient molecules because the transport proteins lose their proper shape due to the high temperature.

A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation?

D. The reaction required an input of energy.

Orchids living in tropical rainforests often grow on the branches of trees to access sunlight. The trees are not affected by the orchids. Which term best classifies the relationship between the orchids and the trees?

D. commensalism

Which of the following is most involved in providing structure for a plasma membrane?

D. the arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids

proteins function

build, maintain and repair tissue in body

lipids

fats (including oils, waxes, steroids, and cholesterol)

what are lipids made of

hydrocarbon monomers(CHOP: carbon hydrogen oxygen sometimes phosphate)

what are proteins made of

long chains of amino acids (CHON: carbon nitrogen hydrogen oxygen)

lipids function

long term energy storage

what are carbohydrates made of

monosaccharides (CHO: carbon hydrogen oxygen)

carbohydrates function

short term energy