CLA 30 FINALE

republic

509-31 BCE

quinary

5th

quintus

5th

senary

6th

sextus

6th

monarchy

753-509 BCE

septenary

7th

septimus

7th

octavus

8th

octonary

8th

nonary

9th

nonus

9th

robots

< Czech, coined by Karel Čapek in the play R.U.R. (1920) from the base robot-, as in robota compulsory labor, robotník peasant owing such labor

amazon

< Latin Amazon, < Greek Ἀμαζών, -όνα; explained by the Greeks < ἀ priv. + μαζ-ός a breast (in connection with the fable that they destroyed the right breast so as not to interfere with the use of the bow), but probably pop. etym. of an unknown foreign word.

parallel clauses

joined with coordinating conjunctions AKA coordinate clauses

arthropod

joint foot

jovial

joyous, good-spirited

cide

kill

genus

kind

rex, regis

king

priam

king of troy

regalis

kingly

geo

land, earth

magni

large

larynx/laryng/laryngo

larynx (upper part of the windpipe)

postumus

last

horizon

late 14c., orisoun, from Old French orizon (14c., Modern French horizon), earlier orizonte (13c.), from Latin horizontem (nominative horizon), from Greek horizon kyklos "bounding circle," from horizein "boundary limit, divide, separate," from horos "boundary." The h- was restored 17c. in imitation of Latin. Old English used eaggemearc ("eye-mark") for "limit of view, horizon."

uni

latin cardinal 1

dec/deci/decem

latin cardinal 10

cent/centi

latin cardinal 100

mill/milli

latin cardinal 1000

du/bi

latin cardinal 2

tri

latin cardinal 3

quadru/quadri/quadr

latin cardinal 4

qinqu/qinque

latin cardinal 5

sex

latin cardinal 6

sept/septem

latin cardinal 7

octo/octi

latin cardinal 8

nov/novem

latin cardinal 9

i

latin combining vowel

primus

latin ordinal 1st

stella

latin star

legalis

law

astronomy

law of the stars; the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole

strati/strato

layer

duc, duct

lead

duce/duct

lead, take

phyllo

leaf

linqu

leave

desert verb

leave or abandon

meio/mio

less(en)

caveat emptor

let the buyer beware

caveat scriptor

let the signer beware

bio

life

zo

life: the earlier life age: the phase of earlier life; animal

lumin

light

similat

like

1738

linnaeus returns to southern sweden, where his career expands

leon

lion

zodion

little image, sign

asterisk

little star

ion

little thing

sauru

lizard

spic, spect

look at, see

clipped words

look like bases, but are really _ forms EX. mono, bi, semi, quad, quint, mob, etc.

solve, solut

loosen

amatum

loved

supine

lying facing upward

prone

lying on one's stomach

stentor

someone with a loud voice; communications director of the acheans

titanic

something awesome and powerful like the Titans

quid pro quo

something for something

trojan horse

something treacherous

adopt

something we choose it for ourselves

paris, alexandros

son of priam

psycho

soul, mind

species name

specific name = species epithet = specific epithet

helix, helico

spiral, curved

schizo

split

schism

split in church

lymph

spring water. liquid in the body

stationary

standing without moving

asteroid

star-like

astronaut

star-sailor

astral

starry

ion

state or action (noun suffix)

statio

station

firm

steady, stable

gress

step, move

hes/her

stick

extant

still standing up or existing

persephone

stolen by hades

gaster/gastro

stomach

epoch

stopping point

ortho

straight, upright, correct

col

strain

tend, tent, tens

stretch

compet

strive in competition with someone, be qualified to strive

word order

structure depends partly on function words and ___

logy

study of

astrology

study of the stars; ; the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world

syntactical test for verbs

subject-verb-object

psychosis, psychotic

suffering irritation of soul. makes you believe things that aren't true.

patho

suffering, disease, feeling

ate

suffix

ote, ota

suffixes that arose in modern bioscience and ultimately go back to Greek suffixes

helion, elion

sun

helios

sun

solstice (solstitium)

sun-stop

drom

swim, run

mens

table

sume

take

logo

talk, words

sap/sip

taste

pro tempore

temporarily

modern religions

tend to be about beliefs; depends largely on scriptures

consider

think carefully about (something), typically before making a decision

terti

third

noun markers as pronouns

this, that, some, many

jupiter

thor

mito

thread

mitochondrion

thread granule little thing

per

through

triassic

through Latin from Greek trias, which means triad / group of 3

dia

through, between

ject

throw

object

throw against

chron, chrono

time

tempus fugit

time escapes; time flies

mars

tiwe

saint valentine

valentine; saint whose name is connected with lovers and sweethearts

allomorphs

variant forms of morphemes that have the same meaning

velat

veil, cover

ven

vein

transitive verbs

verbs that do have an object

intransitive verbs

verbs that do not take an object

magnanimous

very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful than oneself

medieval

very old; too old to be useful or acceptable

partheno

virgin

ambula

walk

grade/gress

walk

mur

wall

err

wander

plankt

wander

planets

wandering stars

lu/luv/lut

wash

hydro

water

litera

water

period

way around = one trip around = one stage of a larger whole

route

way that is rough and broken

pluto

wealth

climatic

weather conditions in a given zone

salutatory

welcoming

humid

wet

dogma

what is deemed correct

literal

when it has its etymological meaning EX. root of the plant

plasmogamy

when the cytoplasm of two cells merge

morphological test for verbs

when the time tense can change ex. walked and walk

karyogamy

when two nuclei merge into one, such as when the nucleus of a sperm merges with that of an egg.

elysian fields

where all the heroes hangout

leuco, leuko

white

holo

whole

olos

whole

pter

wing

ptero

wing

cum grano salis

with a grain of salt

vice versa

with the change having been changed

ex cathedra

with the full authority of office

syn, same

with, same, together

intra

within

sine die

without a definite date

a, an

without, not

extra

without, outside

mercury

woden

hyster

womb

verb

word

quartus

4th

quaternary

4th

assault

a leap

inter nos

between us

inter

between, among

ultra

beyond

preter

beyond, more than

brother

bhratar (sanskrit), frater (Latin), phrater (Greek)

magni

big

ornitho

bird

nat

birth

gen

birth, come to be

melano

black

culpable

blameworty

braille

blind teacher in France who invented a system of printing for the blind consisting of a pattern of raised dots

hema, ema

blood

cyano

blue

sir robert peel

bobbies; reorganized the police force in Great Britain

somat, soma, some

body

repression

body bushes back memories

necro

corpse

equinox

equal-night

california

eureka, athena, 31 stars

histories

events arranged around a narrative

annals

events arranged by year

chronicles

events arranged chronological

biweekly

every other week, every 2 weeks

phanero

evident, visible, apparent

adulation

excessive display of admiration

compulsion

excessively pushed to do

climactic

exciting or thrilling and acting as a climax to a series of events

1732

expedition to Lapland

lethargy

extreme tiredness

draconian

extremely severe (7th century BCE)

ei

ey; "they"

ai

eye

glori

fame

george

farmer, an earth worker (< {geo} + {org(o)/ erg(o)} = work)

pater/patri

father

apprehensive

fearful

path

feeling or emotion

esthes, aesthest

feeling, sensation

febri

fever

proto

first

primus inter pares

first among equals

principal

first or most important

ichthy(o)

fish

pisci

fish

apt

fit, fasten

flu

flow

rrhea

flow, discharge

alti

high

oid

similar to

mono

single

monophyly

single-tribe-ness

sess

sit

tantalus

sitting in water with apple on head can't eat or drink

squirrel

skia (shadow), oura (tail)

derm

skin

uranus

sky

laps

slip, fall

terra firma

solid ground, earth

officious

someone who offers unnecessary and unwanted services

cassandra

someone who predicts doom but not believed; apollo wanted to make love with her, but she refused

rrhea

flowing, discharge

sequ

follow

pus/pod

foot

per capita

for heads

pro bono

for the public good

pro forma

for the sake of form; done as a formality

ad hoc

for this; for the particular task at hand

pro

for, in place of

eidos

form; visual image; species

summum bonum

highest good

junct

join

neo

new

greek cardinal 6

ἕξ

h.w. fowler on miocene

"A typical example of the monstrosities with which scientific men in want of a label for something, and indifferent to all beyond their own province, defile the language. The elements of the word are Greek, but not the way they are put together, nor the meaning demanded of the compound." EX. T-rex, polyamory

north carolina

"Virtute enim ipsa non tam multi praediti esse quam videri volunt." "Not nearly so many people want actually to be possessed of virtue as want to appear to be possessed of it."

gen

"bringing into existence," "coming into existence"

aristotle

"man is a political animal"

recidivist

"relapsed criminal," 1880, from French récidiviste, from récidiver "to fall back, relapse," from Medieval Latin recidivare "to relapse into sin," from Latin recidivus "falling back," from recidere "fall back," from re- "back, again" (see re- ) + comb. form of cadere "to fall" (see case (n.)). Recidivation in the spiritual sense is attested from early 15c., was very common 17c.

estro

"sexual receptivity," "heat"

pandemonium

'Greek;'"[realm'of]'all'demons"'

Miocene Epoch

(10-25 million years ago) epoch < Latin epocha < Greek ἐποχή (stopping point) "the less-new epoch"

morphological test for adjectives

(er) and (est) -> more and most

literally

...informal used for emphasis or to express strong feeling while not being literally true: I have received literally thousands of letters.

species plantarum/genera plantarum

1753, 1754: starting point of modern botanical nomenclature

serendipity

1754: Persian fairytale, whose heroes were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things they were not in quest of.

portmanteau

1. a large suitcase 2. a word or morpheme whose form and meaning are derived from a blending of two or more distinct forms

supereon

1. largest span of time

religio

1. reverence/fear of the gods 2. a religious ceremony

decimus

10th

denary

10th

NONE

11th

idiot

1250-1300; Middle English<Latin<Greek private person, layman, person lacking skill or expertise. idio- + stratiotes (professional soldier)

duodenary

12th

trivial

1400-50; late Middle English < Latin belonging to the crossroads or street corner. tri- + vi (a road).

paraphernalia

1470-80; < Medieval Latin paraphernālia (bona) a bride's goods, beyond her dowry, equivalent to Late Latin paraphern (a) a bride's property (< Greek parápherna, equivalent to para- para-1+ phern (ḗ) dowry, derivative of phérein to bear1+ -a neuter plural noun suffix) + Latin -ālia, noun use of neuter plural of -ālis -al1

assassin

1530s from, via French and Italian, from Arabic from hashish. A fanatical Ismalli Muslim sect of the time of the Crusades. With a reputation for murdering opposing leaders after intoxicating themselves by eating hashish.

calculate

1560-70; < Late Latin calculātus reckoned (past participle of calculāre), equivalent to calculus pebble (see calculus ) + -ātus -ate1

systema naturae

1735, 10th ed. 1758: starting point for modern biological nomenclature

influenza

1743, borrowed during an outbreak of the disease in Europe, from Italian influenza "influenza, epidemic," originally "visitation, influence (of the stars)," from Medieval Latin influentia (see influence ). Used in Italian for diseases since at least 1504 (cf. influenza di febbre scarlattina "scarlet fever") on notion of astral or occult influence. The 1743 outbreak began in Italy. Often applied since mid-19c. to severe colds.

OK

1839, only survivor of a slang fad in Boston and New York c.1838-9 for abbreviations of common phrases with deliberate, jocular misspellings (e.g. K.G. for "no go," as if spelled "know go;" N.C. for "'nuff ced;" K.Y. for "know yuse"). In the case of O.K., the abbreviation is of "oll korrect." Probably further popularized by use as an election slogan by the O.K. Club, New York boosters of Democratic president Martin Van Buren's 1840 re-election bid, in allusion to his nickname Old Kinderhook, from his birth in the N.Y. village of Kinderhook. Van Buren lost, the word stuck, in part because it filled a need for a quick way to write an approval on a document, bill, etc. Spelled out as okeh, 1919, by Woodrow Wilson, on assumption that it represented Choctaw okeh "it is so" (a theory which lacks historical documentation); this was ousted quickly by okay after the appearance of that form in 1929. Greek immigrants to America who returned home early 20c. having picked up U.S. speech mannerisms were known in Greece as okay-boys, among other things.

primary

1st

eon

2. Greek - age

proterozoic eon

2500 to _

secondary

2nd

secundus

2nd

era

3. Latin - fixed date

empire

31 BCE - 5th CE

archaean eon

3800 to 2500 (from Greek archaeo = which means old, original

tertiary

3rd

tertius

3rd

hadean eon

4500 to 3800 (from Greek Hades) (Earth was volcanic and was bombarded by meteors and so it was "hellish")

oats

A grain, which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland appears to support the people

cardinal number

A number, such as 3 or 11 or 412, used in counting to indicate quantity but not order

period before linnaeus

A tradition of close observation of nature replaces scholasticism and the almost exclusive use of literary sources in natural history

lexicographer

A writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge that busies himself in tracing the original, and detailing the significance of words

River Styx

Achilles' mother dipped Achilles But she held him by the ankles so he was not protected there. He died at Troy from an arrow shot into his heel.

US English

American dictionaries cover the English of the United States.

2012

Anatolian Hypothesis: that PIE spread with the expansion of agriculture in 9000-8500 BCE

rich as croesus

Croesus, the King of Lydia, 560-546 BCE was known for extreme wealth

virginia

Dame Virtus knocks out and down Sir Tyrant: Sic Semper Tyrannis = 'Thus always to Tyrants'

devonian

Devon, a region in southwestern England, where the rocks characterized the period

cambrian explosion

Diverse forms of life evolved during this period including trilobites

person

Early 13c., from Old French persone "human being, anyone, person" (12c., Modern French personne) and directly from Latin persona "human being, person, personage; a part in a drama, assumed character," originally "mask, false face," such as those of wood or clay worn by the actors in later Roman theater.

discombobulated

English; humorous alteration of discompose, discomfort, or discomfit

cynosure

Etymology: < French cynosure (16th cent.), < Latin cynosūra, < Greek κυνόσουρα dog's tail, Ursa Minor.

cynic

Etymology: < Latin cynicus (perhaps in part through French; compare cinicque , 1521 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Greek κυνικός dog-like, currish, churlish, Cynic, < κύων , κυνός dog: see -ic suffix. In the appellation of the Cynic philosophers there was probably an original reference to the κυνόσαργες, a gymnasium where Antisthenes taught; but popular use took it simply in the sense 'dog-like, currish', so that κύων 'dog' became a nickname for 'Cynic'.

1500

Europeans started traveling regularly to India

content words

Ex. recent, emphasis, high, interest, rates. Usually derived from Greek or Latin.

function words

Ex. with, the, on. Short words which serve as cement to hold the content words together.

carl linnaeus

Father of Modern Biological Taxonomy

charon

Ferryman Transports souls across the river Styx/Acheron

finding polaris

First locate Ursa Major aka The Big Dipper

middle english

Form used from A.D. 1100 to A.D. 1500

claudius ptolemy

Formulated a complex and accurate geocentric model; mathematician produced the most extensive astronomical model in anMquity

poseidon

God of the sea and earthquakes

kary, cary

Greek morpheme for "nut"

ine

Greek morpheme used to name basic chemicals

in

Greek morpheme used to name neutral chemicals

psyche

Greek word for soul. It means breath.

cosmos

Greek word means "order" or "adornment"

alchemist

Greek:'' - From'"Khem"'='"Egypt"'from'the'EgypBan'language?'' - From'{chym}'='' ' ''''='[plant]'juice?'

paradigm

Greek; example

punch

Hindi,'Sanskrit;'"drink'with'five' ingredients"'

1761

Name after ennoblement - Carl von Linne

neologisms

How spoken words make it into the standard dictionary

credo

I believe

amavi

I have loved

amo

I love

cyto

In Greek, means vessel. In modern biology, means cell.

International

International Dictionaries seek to cover the English of all English speakers in the world.

deprecated

It means that official scientific bodies have rejected the term EX. tertiary period

jurassic

Jura mountains, where the rocks characterized the period

peleus

King of the Myrmidons and eventually father of Achilles

anima

Latin for breath, life-force

animus

Latin for conscious, emotional mind

dissect

Latin for dis = apart. Latin for sect = cut

genius

Latin for guardian spirit

nucleus

Latin word meaning "kernel," the inner part of a nut

hybrid

Latin; offspring of a tame sow and wild boar.

lurid

Latin; pale yellow, ghastly

scintilla

Latin; spark, tiny trace

decimate

Latin;'"punish'[kill]'every'tenth'person"'

lunatic

Latinn:'"moonstruck"'

habeas corpus

May you have the body; protection against illegal imprisonment

appositives

Nouns that follow other nouns and describe them

ordovician

Ordovices, an ancient people in northern Wales, where the rocks characterized the period

chaos

Originally, it does not mean "confusion"; it means "vacuum," "nothingness."

post meridiem

P.M. , after midday

permian

Perm, Russia, where the rocks characterized the period

demeter

Persophone's mother and goddess of the harvest

silurian

Silures, an ancient people who inhabited the regions of Wales, where the rocks characterized the period

tenochtitlan

Spaniards conquered this, but went on to become what has been called the first "globalized city": Mexico City.

anatolia

Specialists in the study of biological phylogenetics applied methods used to construct phylogenetic trees and map the spread of organisms. They concluded that the homeland of the Proto- Indo-Europeans was most likely in Anatolia.

stratigraphy

Study of Geological "Layers"

indo-european

The Indians had their own classical language, Sanskrit, from which many North Indian languages have arisen, and the similarities between it and Greek and Latin were striking

corpus delicti

body of the crime; concrete evidence of a crime

anglo-saxon

The earliest form of written records. A.D. 400 to A.D. 1100 AKA. Old English

oste

bone

unabridged

The fullest, most comprehensive dictionaries

consul, consulis

consul

Descriptive

These describe how people use words, without making judgments about what is correct or incorrect

Prescriptive

These prescribe (give advice) on how to use words

creed

formal statement of belief In Christianity, the most important beliefs

ive

forms adjectives (and nouns based on adjectives)

pro

forward

quater

fourth

pharmacon

This is a word of mysterious origin, probably borrowed from non-Greeks.

ingenuous

free born, of noble birth

firmamnet

heaven

gravis

heavy

grav

heavy, serious, pregnant

cerberus

Three Headed Dog Guards the Entrance to the Underworld

the day of the dead

Three day celebration (October 31- November 2) originating in Pre-Columbian Mexico.

hercules

hera's glory; taken wrath by Hera

history

Traces back to Greek. historia < historein Etymological meaning = inquiry

hector

Trojan Champion, son of Priam; kills patroclus

combining form

contains a base in a form in which it can be combined with another base or other bases to create words with two or more bases

reservation, ethical hesitation

What does scruple mean today?

assimilation

When the last letter of a prefix becomes the same as the first letter of the base

athlet

contest, athlete

hesiod

Wrote the Theogony (the geneaology of gods) and Works and Days, which deals with farming, astronomy, meteorology and mythology

ginta

X 10

ad

_ assimilates

pteranodon

a "wing-no-tooth"

persona non grata

a (legally) unwelcome person

illusion

a belief not in accord with the facts

eu

a blend of e and u

clade

a branch of the tree of life

inflection

a change in word form that affects the word's function without changing its class (bake, bakes, baked)

tabula rasa

a clean slate

antipasto

a course of appetizers consisting of an assortment of foods

per diem

a daily allowance

gonorrhea

a disease of the sex organs that is spread by sexual contact

dystrophy

a disorder in which an organ or tissue of the body wastes away

venery

a fancy term for hunting

euphoria

a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness

combining form

a form a base takes to combine with another base

monarchy

a form of government with a monarch at the head

chauvin

a general notorious for his unreasoning of the lost cause of Napoleon

mesmer

a german physician who experimented with hypnotism

deus ex machina

a god on the crane

magnum opus

a great work

constellation

a group of stars

sandwich

a keen gambler that would not leave the gambling table to eat but had a special fast food item brought to him

centrifuge

a machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities or liquids from solids

frankenstein

a medical student in a novel by Mary Shelley, wife of the poet. the student created a monster who eventually killed him

lunatic

a mentally ill person

prefix

a morpheme that occurs at the front of the word

Norvus Ordo Seclorum

a new order of the ages

fraction

a numerical quantity that is not a whole number

official

a person put in some position of authority

geriatricians

a physician who has completed a residency in either Internal Medicine or Family Medicine with an additional one or two year fellowship training in the medical, social, and psychological issues that concern older adults

gaea

a poetic variant of γῆ (= Earth), from which {ge(o)} comes.

altercation

a quarrel with another person

academy

a school or learned society (Plato's _)

thetis

a sea nymph; he learns that her child will be greater than his father

gonad

a sex organ that produces sperm or eggs : a testicle or an ovary

oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution

ostracize

a small piece of pottery (potsherd or tile) used in ostracism. used in votes

votum

a solemn promise; a vow; a votive offering; a desire, wish, or prayer

aster

a star-shaped flower

myth

a story about the past (and/or the gods) with collective importance; it can be told in a number of different ways

myth

a story about the past with collective importance

desire

a strong feeling of wanting to have something or wishing for something to happen

patriarchy

a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line

matriarchy

a system of society or government ruled by a woman or women

principle

a theory or a standard or a important rule or guideline

suffrage

a voting tablet (ballot), a vote, the right to vote

achilles heel

a weak spot or vulnerability

nestor

a wise old man; a wise old man who advised the acheans

martyr

a witness

jingoism

an attitude of belligerent nationalism, the English equivalent of the term chauvinism. The term apparently originated in England during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 when the British Mediterranean squadron was sent to Gallipoli to restrain Russia and war fever was aroused. Supporters of the British government's policy toward Russia came to be called jingoes as a result of the phrase "by jingo," which appeared in the refrain of a popular song:We don't want to fight, yet by jingo, if we do,We've got the ships, we've got the men,And got the money, too!

oecumene

an ecumenical council

agile

able to move quickly and easily

oma

abnormal swelling

dysfunction

abnormality or impairment in the function of a specified bodily organ or system

super

above

hyper

above, excessive, too much

de facto

according to fact (in fact, in reality)

de iure/de jure

according to law; legally

de jure

according to the law

patroclus

achilles lover, his cousin, protector and intimate friend/lover

trans

across

ion

act of

ment

act of

exodus

act of leaving a place

ure

action or result of action

ion

action, condition caused by an action

toward

ad/ac/af/ag/al/an/ap/as/at

morphological test for adverbs

add -ly to adjectives**

morphological test for nouns

adding (s) to the end as a suffix to make it plural

sardonic

adj. "apparently but not really proceeding from gaiety," 1630s, from French sardonique (16c.), from Latin sardonius (but as if from Latin *sardonicus) in Sardonius risus, loan-translation of Greek sardonios (gelos) "of bitter or scornful (laughter)," altered from Homeric sardanios (of uncertain origin) by influence of Sardonios "Sardinian," because the Greeks believed that eating a certain plant they called sardonion (literally "plant from Sardinia," see Sardinia ) caused facial convulsions resembling those of sardonic laughter, usually followed by death. For nuances of usage, see humor. Earlier in same sense sardonian (1580s), from Latin sardonius. Related: Sardonically.

tos

adjective ending

counsel

advice (noun); lawyer, legal advisor; advise (verb)

ai

ae

post mortem

after death

posthumous

after death

meta

after, among, changing

post

after, behind

contra

against

greek anti

against

ob

against

anti, ant

against, opposite

ob/of

against, toward

aev, ev

age

or

agent, doer

omni

all, every

prefixes

alter the meaning of bases without fundamentally changing it

adam sedgwick

an 19th century geologist who carefully examined the rock formations of England

spooner

an English clergyman known for his unintentional transposing of sounds like "our queer old Dean" in place of "our dear old Queen"

linguistic paleontology

an approach in which terms reconstructed in the ancestral "proto-language" are used to make inferences about its speakers' culture and environment

council

an assembly or advisory group of people

anthropocene

an informal geologic chronological term that serves to mark the evidence and extent of human activities that have had a significant global impact on the Earth's ecosystems

eukaryote

an organism with genuine nuclei in its cells

persona non grata

an unacceptable person

adamant

an unbeatable substance; may have meant "steel," became, through a complicated history, our word "diamond." It also gives us the English word "_," which means "unyielding," "inflexible."

geocentric

ancient astronomical system; the prevailing model of the universe in antiquity

zo

animal

zoon

animal, image

annual, yearly

annalis (Latin adjective)

alter ego

another I; second personality

syntactical test for adverbs

answers "how?" "when?" "where?"**

psychic

anything that pertains to the soul

dis/dif

apart

circa/c/ca

approximately

circum

around

amphi

around, both

peri

around, near

quire

ask, seek

ex

assimilates (only) before bases starting with -f

Ad

assimilates before c/f/g/l/n/p/s/t

Con

assimilates before l/m

in

assimilates before m/l/r

sub

assimilates before m/p

ob

assimilates before p

prima facie

at first sight; self-evident

alias

at other times

au

au

di

away

dementia

away from mind

de

away from, off, down wholly, reverse the action of

apo, ap, aph

away from, without

dis

away, apart

se

away, apart

di/dis/dif

away, away from

polos

axis

retro

back

palin, pali

back, again

re

back, again

re

back, backwards, again

disaster

bad star

sphera

ball

etymo

basic meaning of a word

baptism

bathe, wash, drench

gen

be born, to be born with

stup

be motionless

arctos

bear

fructiferous

bearing or producing fruit

christianity

became official religion of the roman empire in the fourth century CE

ante

before

italian anti

before

pre

before

anti meridiem

before midday

hysteria

behaving in an uncontrolled way because of your emotions "wandering womb"

polytheists

belief in many gods EX. Greeks

henotheism

belief in many gods, but worship of only one

atheism

belief in no gods

monotheists

belief in one god EX. Modern Jews, Christians, Muslims

animism

belief that all natural objects have their own souls

infra

below

flex

bend

para

beside

paraphyly

beside-tribe-ness

inter

between

parameter

boundary, limit, framework, or condition

toco

bow

toxicon

bow poison

thomas bowdler

bowdlerizing; edited a heavily censored version of Shakespeare

captain cc boycott

boycott; on the other side of the question of land reform from his neighbors in Ireland. they refused to have any dealings with him

clad

branch

frag

break

frang/fract

break

rupt

break

analyze

break down words

pons

bridge

laconic

brief, pithy, concise

ether

bright sky above ordinary air

phy

bring forth, bear, grow

blast

bud or sprout

raise

build it

ipso facto

by the fact/act itself

ex officio

by virtue of your position

syntactical test for adjectives

can be written between noun marker and noun ex. "these" _ "apples" & these dogs seem _.

cure

care

fer

carry

sculpt

carve

casus belli

cause of war

psychosomatic

caused by mental or emotional problems

cretaceous

chalky or made of chalk. extensive chalk deposits of southeastern england were formed

alteration

change from one thing to another

suffixes

change the class of a word

mercurial

changeable

schizoid

changing frequently between opposite states

The International Stratigraphic Commission

charge of naming geological ages

cycle

circle

polis

citadel, city. "body of citizens"

civis

citizen

polites

citizen

civitas

citizenship, a city

urbs, urbis

city

constantine 1

claimed conversion to christianity

medieval classification

classification of organisms tended to be scholastic, that is, it relied on scholarly traditoon (writen works) and did not rely on observation.

protozoa

classified as the first animals. They were considered animals of only one cell. (They are no longer considered animals.)

subordinate clauses

clauses that are not a complete sentence

adjective clauses

clauses that can describe nouns

carboniferous

coal-producing. the great coal deposits of europe were formed at this time

chromat

color

vene, vent

come

invent

come upon, find

vade mecum

come with me!; a thing constantly carried

cess

come, go

martial

comes from Latin name Mars, the Roman god of war. Means warlike.

imperator/imperatoris

commander, emperor (emperor)

intens

commotion

sis

condition, abnormal condition

myth complex

conglomerate of various versions

alimentary

connected with food

medic

connected with the science of medicine

al

connected with, pertaining to

subordinating conjunctions

connects things of lower rank (dependent clauses) to things of higher rank (usually independent clauses)

damant

conquerable

orthodox

conservative, ordinary

clause

consists of a subject (what the sentence is about) and a predicate (what is said about it)

specific epithets

constructed, according to the rules of Latin, to describe the genus, which is a noun. In Latin, adjectives often follow their nouns

apocalyp

cover

sanguinary

covered with blood; cruel, bloodthirsty

lunate

crescent-shaped

new mexico

crescit eundo (it grows as it goes). Taken from Lucretius' description of a thunderbolt

rout

crushing defeat

tom

cut

zodiac

cycle

stygian

dark, gloomy

aphrodite

daughter of zeus; goddess of desire and sex; only god who regularly sleeps with zeus

lethal

deadly

Kleos Aphthiton

deathless glory; He recounts a choice his mother Thetis has told him is fated: He can either sail home and live a long, pleasant life, or he can fight and die, but achieve deathless glory.

apato

deceptive

complement

derived from Latin "complere," meaning fill up. Taken together makes a whole

elementary

derived from Latin noun elementum, which means first principle.

statue

derived from Latin stare "stand." means from of a person or animal made out of stone or other material

phylogeny

description of the "tribal" or "familial" relations of living things

learners

designed for non-native speakers of English and try to give information on usage for non-native speakers

geologic ages

determined by stratigraphy

greek and roman religions

did not have scriptures; they had myths was more about practices, such as sacrifice, festivals, correct worship, etc

diaphora

differences; differentia

neglig/neglect

disregard

ag/act

do

indefinite pronouns

do not refer to specific people, places or things, but instead refer to non-specific people, entities, etc. ex. any, anybody/anyone, anything

psycho + iatro

doctor + ia

psychiatry

doctor that deals with mental disorders

iatro

doctor, treatment

can

dog

asin

donkey

cata

down

de

down

kata

down, along, throughout, according to

tract

draw, pull

gram

drawing, writing

bibe

drink

fuge

drive away, flee

pharmaco

drug, poison

arid

dry

desiccated

dry out

necrosis, necrotic

dying in the body

ot/oto

ear

ge, gee

earth

humus

earth

phag

eat

phage

eat

vor/vore

eating

mene

ed

ov/ovi

egg

alibi

elsewhere

st sebastian

emperor diocletian prosecuted him and christians since he believed that christianity was a betrayal ordered him to be tied by a snake and shot by arrows

host

enemy

carpe diem

enjoy [seize/harvest] the day

conscript

enroll, enlist

hyphens

entries preceded by a _ are forms that occur at the ends of words—suffixes or combining forms

venus

fria

amicus curiae

friend of the court

rani

frog

ab/abs

from

sarcasm

from Late Latin sarcasmus, from Greek sarkasmos to rend the flesh, from sarx flesh

statute

from Latin "statuere"=set up. means a rule or regulation set up by a legislative body

verse

from Latin "vers"=turn. where one turns to the beginning of the next line

marital

from Latin -marit- meaning married

pour

from Middle English. has both transitive and intransitive forms.

stanza

from Middle Latin "a place where one stops." Group of 4 or more verses

E Pluribus Unum

from out of many, one

ex libris

from the books of; from the library of

ab ovo

from the egg, from the beginning

gel

frost, ice

frugi/fructi

fruit

ose/ous

full of

paradise

garden

liberal

generous

coelacanth

get their name from the hollow caudal (caudal < LaAn cauda, "tail") fin rays.

ingenious

gifted

bases

gives primary meaning to a word

saturnine

gloomy

ba

go

it

go

ced/cede/ceed/cess

go, come

dionysus

god of the grape harvest, associated with ecstasy, outsiders - and a faithful husband to Ariadne

hades/pluto

god of the underworld

ares

god of war for war's sake—violent, brutal war

athena

goddess of defensive, strategic war. goddess of wisdom, law, civilization, just war

deviant

goes away from normal path

eu

good, well

chondro

granule (In medicine, this morpheme usually means "cartilage")

prehens, prehend

grasp

herbi

grass

zeus

great general and politician to reign; in short, he must be a great king (he is the patron god of kings)

achilles

greek champion of acheans; son of peleus and thetis)

o

greek combining vowel

puois

greek for nature

aster/astro

greek star

chloro

green, greenish-yellow

phylac

guard, protect

ji guillotin

guillotine; french physician who proposed the use of a machine that would execute prisoners more humanely

semi

half, partially

sclero

hard

sclero

hardening

sclerosis, sclerotic

hardening of nerves

innocuous

harmless

omnipotent

having all power; able to do anything

ble/ile

having capability or capacity

ine

having the nature of

carcinogenic

having the potential to cause cancer

Annuit Coeptus

he assents to what has been undertaken

ipse dixit

he himself said it, arbitrary command

esse quam videri volunt

he preferred to be good rather than to seem so

salutary

healthful

audi

hear

card/cardio

heart

therm

heat

ferv

heat, glow

tain

hold

bible

holy books

ceros

horn

kerat

horn

hippo

horse

horo

hour, time

oiko

house, inhabit

ei

i, ei

neurosis, neurotic

ill state of nerves

in

in

in absentia

in absence

in camera

in chamber

mitosis

in first stages, chromatin appears as long threads

pro

in front of, before

bona fide

in good faith

id

in the condition of

in extremis

in the extremes; in a difficult situation

in loco parentis

in the place of a parent

anno domini

in the year of the lord

in toto

in total

in, im

in, into

in/im/il/ir

in, into

en/em

in, into (<Greek)

en, em

in, within

-o

indicates that it sometimes occur with a connecting vowel

(G)

indicates that root is of Greek origin

(L)

indicates that root is of Latin origin

itis

inflammation

chondritis

inflammation of cartilage

lunacy

insanity

insecti

insect

{intens}

intensifying morpheme

enter/entero

intestine

viscer

intestines

intro

into, inward

fahrenheit

invented a scale for measuring heat in which 0 degrees was the freezing point of snow and salt equally mixed by weight and 100 degrees was the approximate normal temperature of the human body. the freezing point of water on the scale is 32 degrees, the boiling point is 212 degrees.

celsius

invented a temperature scale in which 0 degrees is the freezing point and 100 degrees is the boiling point

non sequitur

it does not follow

figurative

it does not have its etymological meaning EX. root of a problem

1800

it was apparent that Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit had all developed from a common ancestor, just as the Romance languages had developed from Latin

apatosaurus

it's called deceptive lizard because its fossilized remains were easy to confuse with other lizards

john mcadam

macadam; scots engineer who invented a type of road surface where small stones are bound together with something like tar

ofrendas (altars)

made in honor of the dead

stellated

made to look like a star

gen

make or produce

creat

make, build

ize

makes a verb out of nouns and adjectives

ive

makes adjectives

ive

makes adjectives, which are sometimes used as nouns

-y

makes nouns

ia/ion

makes nouns

sis

makes nouns

al

makes nouns into adjectives

andro

man

anthropo

man

vir

man, male

modus operandi

manner of working

multi

many

poly

many

polyphyly

many-tribe-ness

gam

marriage

samuel maverick

maverick; texan rancher who did not bother to brand his cattle

meter

measure

metro/meter

measure

perimeter

measuring around

carni

meat, flesh

fus

melt, flow

angel

messenger, envoy

modus operandi

method of operating

nickname

mid-15c., misdivision of ekename (c.1300), an eke name, literally "an additional name," from Old English eaca "an increase," related to eacian "to increase" (see eke; also see N ). As a verb from 1530s. Related: Nicknamed ; nicknaming.

media

middle

meso

middle

martial

military, war-loving

ment

mind

psycho

mind

phren

mind, diaphragm

ite

mineral

morpheme

minimum unit of meaning

mirabile dictu

miraculous to say

crater

mixer (mixing bowl for wine)

adverbs

modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs

pecuni

money

luna

moon

empty morpheme

morpheme has no clear meaning

suffix

morpheme that comes at the end of the word

full morpheme

morpheme with a meaning that can be assigned to it

my

mouse, muscle

kine, cine

move

metazoa

multicelled animals, usually with differentiated tissues. Originally, metazoa were called "transformed animals" because they represented a major transformation of protozoa (one-celled animals) into multi-celled animals.

vodka

n. 1802, from Russian vodka, literally "little water," from voda "water" (from PIE *wedor, *wodor ; see water (n.1)) + diminutive suffix -ka.

nomin/nomen

name

nomenclature

name calling

onym

name or meaning

7 planets

named after Roman Gods

neuro

nerve

cene

new

ceno

new

jean nicot

nicotine; french ambassador to Portugal, who imported a drug from the New World

extinct

no longer existing

a, av

no, not

rhin/rhino

nose

nasturtium

nose-twister

non

not

unconscious

not being aware, deprived of one's senses

unconscionable

not guided by one's conscience

disinterested

not influenced by selfish motives

uninterested

not interested, indifferent

entomo

notched animal, insect

nota bene

note well; an interesting/useful piece of information

nullus

nothing

noun

noun

syntactical test for nouns

noun marker. preceded by function words: the, a, many, that, these.

kary

nucleus

plant taxonomy

number and arrangement of the reproductive organs; a plant's class was determined by its stamens (male organs), and its order by its pistils (female organs); he calls them andria (male parts) and gynia (female parts)

oi

oe

genitive

of

civilis

of a citizen, civil, civic

cardinal

of foremost importance

sui generis

of its own kind

paternal

of or appropriate to a father

chondral

of or relating to cartilage

compos mentis

of sound mind

lunar

of, determined by, relating to, or resembling the moon

per se

of, in, or by itself (intrinsically)

postlapsarian

of, relating to, or characteristic of the time or state after the fall of humankind described in the Bible

consul

official at a consulate; top Roman officer

oi

oi; "oil"

ger

old

paleo

old

sen

old

senex/senis

old man

epi

on, against

ou

oo; "pool"

apert

open

doxa

opinion

antipodes

opposite feet

sanguine

optimistic

ordinal

order

ordin

order, rank, level

ec, ex

out

ex

out

ex/e/ef

out

e, ex

out, from

exo

outside

bishop

overseer, episcopal

au

ow; "cow"

pall

pale

via

path, road, journey

dramatis personae

people of the drama

per capita

per head, per person

per annum

per year

or

person or thing who acts or does something

logist

person who studies

homer

refers to the author(s) who first wrote down the versions that became the Iliad and the Odyssey

ambrose burnside

sideburns; general for the union in the war between the states

father

pitar (sanskrit), pater (Latin, Greek)

loc

place

top

place

euphonious

pleasing to the ear

pontiff

pope

oedipus complex

postulated that a male child's mother is the original focus of his erotic desire

fus

pour, gush

kratos

power

imperium/imperii

power, command, empire (imperial, empire)

Greek pattern

prefix + base + suffix

ec

prefix meaning out

conservation

preservation of such things as our natural resources

protero

prior, earlier; literally means firster, that is, first of two

carcer

prison

-sis

process

nounce

proclaim

poie

produce or make

strauss

produced pants of heavy denim, reinforced with copper rivets

res publica

public matter

puls/pulse/pel

push

press

push down

pel, pulse

push, drive

invest

put (something) into

pose/pone/posit

put, place

pyrrhus

pyrrhic; King of Epirus in Greece. He invaded Italy and fought two successful battles against the Romans but suffered heavy losses

ence/ity/y/tude

quality, state, condition

agnosticism

questions whether or not a God exists

south carolina

quis serabit? (Who shall separate us?)

ethno

race or nation of people

rara avis

rare bird, unique

pore

read, study intensely

iliad

recounts a section of the Trojan war (it does not include the death of Achilles, nor the fall of Troy)

odyssey

recounts the homecoming (nostos) of Odysseus after the Trojan War

erythro

red

allusion

reference to something or someone in an indirect or casual way

compliment

refers to all the little things that one does to be polite or flattering

para, par

side by side, abnormal, subordinate

anthropocentric

regarding humankind as the central or most important element of existence, especially as opposed to God or animals

metempsychosis

reincarnation

venereal

relating to sexual intercourse

stellar

relating to the stars

paenitere

repent

spartans

rigorously self-disciplined; austere,frugal

emulation

rivalry, particularly involving imitation

lethe

river of forgetfulness

styx

river of the underworld

sisyphus

roll ball uphill, then it goes down seems to have no purpose

venus

roman aphrodite

mars

roman ares

diana

roman artemis

minerva

roman athena

bacchus/liber

roman dionysus

pluto

roman hades

vulcan

roman hephaestus

juno

roman hera

mercury

roman hermes

vesta

roman hestia

X

roman numeral 10

C

roman numeral 100

M

roman numeral 1000

IV

roman numeral 4

XL

roman numeral 40

V

roman numeral 5

L

roman numeral 50

D

roman numeral 500

VI

roman numeral 6

VII

roman numeral 7

VIII

roman numeral 8

IX

roman numeral 9

neptune

roman poseidon

jupiter

roman zeus

rhizo

root

=

root sometimes occurs in the form at the end of the word or as word on its own

sapro

rotten

eras

rub out

archy

rule

cracy

rule

plutocracy

rule by the wealthy

correct

rule, guide

agamemnon

ruler of acheans; commander of the greek forces

naviga

sail a boat

naut

sailor

halo

salt in Greek

coeval

same age or date of origin

taxonomy

science of classification

reprehensive

scolding

gono

seed, sexual generation

petit

seek, desire

sui

self

senatus

senate

mit/miss

send, let go

semicolons

separate dissimilar meanings

commas

separate similar meanings

tortured

severe pain, distorted

acid

sharp

oxy

sharp," "sour," "acid"; oxygen was originally thought to be what makes acids

whisky

short for whiskybae, etc. 1715, from Gaelic uisge beatha "whisky," literally "water of life," from Old Irish uisce "water" (from PIE *ud-skio-, from root *wed- (1) "water, wet;" see water (n.1)) + bethu "life" (from PIE *gwi-wo-tut-, suffixed form of *gwi-wo-, from root *gweie- (1) "to live;" see bio-).

abridged

shorter, less complicated dictionaries

morb

sick

grati/grate

thanks

cambria

the Latin name for Wales, because that is where he found rocks that attested to an earlier age of the earth

polaris

the North Star called around which the stars appear to turn

precambrian

the ONLY supereon

transliteration

the act of rewriting words in different writing systems

volition

the act of using one's own will

anthropomorphism

the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object

borrowings

the base comes from another language

conservatism

the belief that it is best not to make changes

violation

the breaking of a law, not necessarily with violence

meiosis

the chromosomes are lessened in number

hephaestus

the craftsman/smith god. He was born lame and ugly. His own mother, Hera, in disgust threw him from Olympus.

superego

the critical and moralizing role

PIE

the earliest people who spoke Indo-European AKA Indo-Germans / Aryans

connotation

the emotional concepts that the word has for its users

phanerozoic

the eon of evident life

religion

the etymology is not clear ancient source connected it with re-reading (legible) christian source connected it with lig (tie or bind)

tertiary period

the first part of the Cenozoic Era

edenic

the garden where according to the account in Genesis Adam and Eve first lived; paradise

pompadour

the glamorous mistress of the french king louis XV, known for her elaborate hair styles

apogee

the highest or most distant point; climax

nahuatl

the language of the people of Tenochtitlan

luna

the moon

lunacy, lunatic

the moon was traditionally thought to cause insanity

base

the morpheme to which a prefix is added

helen

the most beautiful of all women

phanerozoic eon

the only one eon after the Precambrian

anthropogenesis

the origin and development of humans

demos

the people

mesozoic

the period of middle life. used to be called "secondary period"

cenozoic

the period of new life

paleozoic

the period of old life

denotation

the plain, direct meaning of a word as it is used by speakers of a language

perigee

the point in the orbit of a heavenly body, especially the moon, or of an artificial satellite at which it is nearest to the earth

ego

the sense of self that a person has

id

the source of raw erotic desire in a human etymologically, it means "it" in Latin

hypercorrection

the use of an inappropriate pronunciation, grammatical form, or construction, as between you and I, resulting usually from an effort to replace incorrect or seemingly incorrect forms with correct ones

quantifier pronouns

these pronouns designate quantity and stand in for their nouns. ex. more, many, a few, one, two, three

interrogative pronouns

these question words stand in for a noun in the answer they seek

on

thing

ov

thing

martyreo

to bear witness, to provide evidence

culpare

to blame

ly

to break

spirare

to breathe

humare

to bury

abduct

to carry off, kidnap

adapt

to change to meet a new situation

innoculate

to create immunity by injecting a disease agent into an animal or plant

methys

to drunken

orpheus

to find eurydice

terrere

to frighten

ducere, ductus

to lead

amare

to love

fic

to make

stellate

to make look like a star/arrange into a star

annul

to make void

the

to put

krateo

to rule

cla/cal

to shout, call

stare

to stand

raze

to tear something down

ad nauseam

to the point of making one ill

torquere, tort

to twist

to work like a trojan

to work very hard

ad, as

to, toward

con

together

con, com

together

con/com/co/col

together with

con

together, with, {intens}

hypo

too little

odont

tooth

ooovt

tooth

ad hominem

towards the person, directed at a person

ad rem

towards the thing, directed at the matter at hand

American Dialect Society

tracks neologisms, word of the year

meta

transformed, more highly developed

christ

transliterated Messiah (savior). it means "annointed one" and refers to the ancient hebrew practice of annointing kings and others for divinely sanctioned duties

Hermes Psychopompos (Mercury)

transporter of souls

heracles/hercules

travelling to the underworld subdue Cerberus as part of his Twelve Labors for King Eurystheus

phyl, phylo

tribe or race

hermes

trickster, thief, merchant, translator (the only god who goes to the realm of dead)

pesti

troublesome animal

confid

trust

trop

turn

tropos

turn

deflection

turning aside

tropikos

turning circle that is, circle where turning occurs

bis

twice

semiweekly

twice a week

tortuous

twisted

oi-

two

diphthongs

two vowels that blend into one sound

binomial designation

two-name designation

menelaus

tyndareus chooses him to wed helen; later becomes king of sparta; brother of agamemnon

tyrannos

tyrant

ou

u

-ov

um

desert noun

uncultivated place, with few or no inhabitants

hypo

under

sub/suf/sup

under

feder

union of states

catholic

universal, all-encompassing

ana

up, back, again

epi, ep

upon

acropolis

upper city

cyst/cysto

urinary bladder

-os

us

comma rule

use a comma when a coordinating conjunction joins two clauses and introduces a new grammatical subject

sume

use up, take

interjections

words that are "thrown between" other words. the little words and expressions that we throw into our language to express emotions and attitudes

cognates

words that have a common ancestor

conjunctions

words that join together

pronouns

words that stand in the place of nouns. act like nouns, but, typically they cannot have "noun markers." act as substitutions or placeholders.

labor

work

vermi

worm

script, scribe

write

graph

write, draw, map

scripture

writing

stationery

writing materials like paper and envelopes

binomina

written so that they stand out from their surroundings—usually in Italics—but not necessarily. They just have to stand out

binomina

written so that they stand out from their surroundings—usually in Italics—but not necessarily. They just have to stand out. The genus is capitalized and the species name is not.

suppression

you pushing memories under

except

you take it out of the rest

accept

you take it to yourself

juven

young

infant

young child

artemis

young daughter, goddess of the hunt, wilderness, the moon, virginity, childbirth - Apollo's twin

apollo

young man at prime of beauty - god of the sun, healing and prophecy, music and poetry

solon's lesson

your prosperity is not your own

hera

zeus's sister and wife who is batshit crazy when it comes to getting angry at mortal women

self

αὐτός (pronoun)

life

βίος (noun)

earth

γῆ

write

γράφω (verb)

greek cardinal 10

δέκα

greek ordinal 2nd

δεύτερος (deutero)

greek cardinal 2

δύο

greek cardinal 9

ἐννέα

greek cardinal 100

ἑκατόν (hecto)

greek cardinal 7

ἑπτά

single, only

μόνος

greek cardinal 8

ὀκτώ

few

ὀλίγος

all

πᾶν

greek cardinal 5

πέντε

much, many

πολύ

greek ordinal 1st

πρῶτος (proto)

greek cardinal 4

τέτρας

greek cardinal 3

τρεῖς, τρία

greek cardinal 1000

χίλιοι (kilo)

time

χρόνος (noun)

greek cardinal 1

ἕν

iliad

• Does not cover the entire Trojan war. • Does not include the Fall of Troy, nor the Trojan horse, nor the death of Achilles. • Deals with about 55 days after nine years war. • Focuses on Achilles' rage