KIN 3304 - Chapter 4: Shoulder Girdle

Which of the following is an efficient way to stretch the pectoralis minor muscle?​ -By lying supine with a rolled towel directly under the thoracic spine while a partner pushes each scapula into retraction -By extreme elevation and retraction of the shoulder girdle​ -By rotating the head approximately 45 degrees contralaterally and flexing the cervical spine actively while maintaining the scapula in a relaxed, depressed position​ -By passively moving the scapula into full protraction while maintaining depression​

-By lying supine with a rolled towel directly under the thoracic spine while a partner pushes each scapula into retraction (pg. 107)​

Which of the following is an important application of the trapezius muscle?​ -It has a significant role in protecting and stabilizing the sternoclavicular joint during upper extremity movements.​ -It is always used in preventing the glenoid fossae from being pulled down during the lifting of objects with the arms. -It is always used in movements drawing the scapula forward with slight upward rotation, such as throwing a baseball.​ -It rotates the medial border of the scapula down and back toward the spinal column when chinning movement begins.​

-It is always used in preventing the glenoid fossae from being pulled down during the lifting of objects with the arms. (pg. 103)​

Which of the following actions is associated with the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle?​ -Upward rotation, adduction, and elevation -Abduction, horizontal adduction, and flexion​ -Horizontal adduction, depression, and abduction​ -Internal rotation, extension, and adduction​

-Upward rotation, adduction, and elevation (pg. 102)​

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, an anterior tilt is a consequential rotational movement of the scapula _____.​ -about the frontal axis occurring during hyperextension of the glenohumeral joint -resulting in anterior movement of the medial border and posterior movement of the lateral border​ -about the vertical axis occurring during extreme adduction​ -resulting in the superior border moving posteroinferiorly and the inferior angle moving anterosuperiorly​

-about the frontal axis occurring during hyperextension of the glenohumeral joint (pg. 96)​

What are the three joints that make up the shoulder girdle?

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint, Scapulothoracic (ST) joint, Sternoclavicular (SC) joint

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?​ Depression​ Abduction​ Elevation​ Adduction​

Adduction

Which of the following movements involves moving the inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column to assist in raising the arm out to the side?​ Abduction​ Elevation​ Adduction​ Upward rotation​

Adduction

Scapula bony landmarks

Coracoid process​ Acromion process​ Glenoid fossa ​ Lateral border​ Inferior angle​ Medial border​ Spine

Which of the following actions is not performed concentrically by the trapezius muscle?​ Upward rotation​ Depression​ Downward rotation Elevation​

Downward rotation (pg. 102)​

Which of the following actions is performed concentrically by the levator scapulae muscle?​ Downward rotation​ Depression​ Upward rotation​ Elevation

Elevation (pg. 104)​

The trapezius lower fibers are involved concentrically in all of the following actions except:​ depression.​ upward rotation.​ adduction.​ Elevation

Elevation. (pg. 102)​

(T/F) The sternoclavicular joint is supported anteriorly by the costoclavicular ligament. ​

False

(T/F) The levator scapulae muscle when contracting concentrically is responsible for upward rotation of the inferior angle of the scapula.

False "Elevates the medial margin of the scapula" (pg. 104)​

(T/F) The origin of the serratus anterior muscle is the surface of the upper seven ribs at the side of the chest.

False "Surface of the upper nine ribs at the side of the chest" (pg. 106)​

(T/F) The trapezius muscles can cause adduction in a transverse plane of motion when contracting eccentrically.

False (pg. 102)​

Scapulothoracic joint (Classification & Movement)

False joint, Moves with the AC and SC joints Movement in 3 planes -Abduction/Protraction & Adduction/Retraction -Upward rotation & Downward rotation -Elevation & Depression

(T/F) The origin of the levator scapulae muscle is the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first five thoracic vertebrae.

False; "Transverse processes of the upper four cervical vertebrae" (pg. 104)​

(T/F) The origin of the rhomboid muscles is the spinous processes of the last cervical and the first seven thoracic vertebrae.

False; "last cervical and first five thoracic vertebrae" (pg. 105)​

(T/F) The scapula moves on the rib cage as a consequence of joint motion actually occurring at the acromioclavicular joint and to a lesser extent at the sternoclavicular joint.

False; "the scapula moves on the rib cage as a consequence of joint motion actually occurring at the sternoclavicular joint and to a much lesser extent at the acromioclavicular joint" (pg. 91)​

(T/F) The pectoralis minor muscle can perform adduction, downward rotation, or depression when contracting concentrically.

False; Abduction (pg. 107)​

(T/F) The origin of the pectoralis major muscle is the anterior surfaces of the third to fifth ribs.

False; the pectoralis minor (pg. 107)​

Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?​ Posterior fossa​ Glenoid fossa​ Infraspinous fossa​ Subscapular fossa​

Infraspinous fossa​

Which of the following is a key application of the serratus anterior muscle?​ -It is used strongly in pulling the clavicle anteriorly and inferiorly toward the sternum.​ -It is used in rotating the medial border of the scapula down and back toward the spinal column.​ -It is used strongly in doing push-ups, especially in the last 5 to 10 degrees of motion. -It is used strenuously when lifting with the hands, as in picking up a heavy wheelbarrow.​

It is used strongly in doing push-ups, especially in the last 5 to 10 degrees of motion. (pg. 106)​

Pectoralis minor muscle (Origin, Insertion, Action)

O: Anterior surfaces of the third to fifth ribs I: Coracoid process of the scapula Action: -Abduction (protraction): draws the scapula forward and tends to tilt the lower border away from the ribs -Downward rotation: as it abducts, it draws the scapula downward -Depression: when the scapula is rotated upward, it assists in depression

Rhomboid muscles (Origin, Insertion, Action)

O: Spinous processes of the seventh cervical (C7) and first five thoracic vertebrae (T1 - T5) I: Medial border of the scapula, below the spine of the scapula Action: -Adduction (retraction): draw the scapula toward the spinal column -Downward rotation: from the upward rotated position; draw the scapula into downward rotation -Elevation: slight upward movement accompanying adduction

Subclavius muscle (Origin, Insertion, Action)

O: Superior aspect of first rib at its junction with its costal cartilage I: Inferior groove in the midportion of the clavicle A: Stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint, Depression, Abduction (protraction)

Serratus anterior muscle (Origin, Insertion, Action)

O: Surface of the upper nine ribs at the side of the chest I: Anterior aspect of the whole length of the medial border of the scapula Action: -Abduction (protraction): draws the medial border of the scapula away from the vertebrae -Upward rotation: longer, lower fibers tend to draw the inferior angle of the scapula farther away from the vertebrae, thus rotating the scapula upward slightly

Levator Scapulae (Origin, insertion, action)

O: Transverse processes of superior 4 vertebrae I: Medial scapular border A: Elevation of shoulder girdle Weak downward rotation Weak adduction

Trapezius (Origin, Insertion, Action)

Origin: -Upper fibers: base of skull, occipital protuberance, and posterior ligaments of neck -Middle fibers: spinous processes of seventh cervical (C7) and upper three thoracic vertebrae (T1 - T3) -Lower fibers: spinous processes of fourth through twelfth thoracic vertebrae (T4 - T12) Insertion: -Upper fibers: posterior aspect of the lateral third of the clavicle -Middle fibers: medial border of the acromion process and upper border of the scapular spine -Lower fibers: triangular space at the base of the scapular spine Action: -Upper fibers: elevation of the scapula, upward rotation, and extension and rotation of the head at the neck -Middle fibers: elevation, upward rotation, and adduction (retraction) of the scapula -Lower fibers: depression, adduction (retraction), and upward rotation of the scapula

Antagonist Muscles during Retraction

Pectoralis minor & serratus anterior

Antagonist Muscles during Elevation

Pectoralis minor, trapezius lower fibers

What is the relationship between movements at the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle?

Shoulder joint and shoulder girdle work together; Stabilizing & Proper positioning

Which of the following applications necessarily involves the levator scapulae muscle concentrically?​ Shrugging the shoulders Carrying objects on the tip of the shoulders​ Stabilizing the sternoclavicular joint during upper extremity movements​ Preventing scapula winging​

Shrugging the shoulders (pg. 104)​

Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the anterior surface of the scapula?​ Supraspinous fossa​ Glenoid fossa​ Infraspinous fossa​ Subscapular fossa

Subscapular fossa (pg. 138)

Which of the following muscles are used powerfully in the lifting phase of chinning, an activity in which an individual hangs from a horizontal bar suspended by his or her hands and pulls himself or herself up until his or her chin is over the bar?​ The serratus anterior muscles​ The pectoralis minor muscles​ The rhomboid muscles The subclavius muscles​

The rhomboid muscles (pg. 105)​

Which of the following muscles has its origin in the surface of the upper nine ribs at the side of the chest?​ The trapezius muscle​ The levator scapulae muscle​ The serratus anterior muscle The rhomboid muscle​

The serratus anterior muscle (pg. 106)​

Which of the following muscles would best be strengthened by the bench press and overhead press exercises?​ The serratus anterior muscle The rhomboid muscle​ The trapezius muscle​ The levator scapulae muscle​

The serratus anterior muscle (pg. 106)​

Which of the following muscles is most commonly affected by scapular winging?​ The levator scapulae muscle​ The serratus anterior muscle The trapezius muscle​ The rhomboid muscle​

The serratus anterior muscle (pg. 97)​

Which of the following muscles performs stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint?​ The subclavius muscle The trapezius muscle​ The serratus anterior muscle​ The pectoralis minor muscle​

The subclavius muscle (pg. 108)​

Which of the following muscles concentrically performs both elevation and depression?​ The trapezius muscle The pectoralis minor muscle​ The rhomboid muscle​ The serratus anterior muscle​

The trapezius muscle (pg. 102)​

Which of the following muscles inserts on the triangular space at the base of the scapular spine?​ The levator scapulae muscle​ The serratus anterior muscle​ The trapezius muscle The rhomboid muscle​

The trapezius muscle (pg. 102)​

Which of the following statements is true about the rhomboid muscles?​ -Their concentric actions include adduction and downward rotation. -They are innervated by the anterior scapular nerve (C5).​ -They originate on the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and the first four thoracic vertebrae.​ -They insert on the lateral border of the scapula below the spine.​

Their concentric actions include adduction and downward rotation. (pg. 105)​

Which of the following is a salient feature of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle?​ They are a source of tenderness and discomfort due to chronic tension.​ They are primarily active in positioning the shoulder for function and posture.​ They assist in extension of the head due to their origin on the base of the skull. They depress the scapula and assist in adduction.

They assist in extension of the head due to their origin on the base of the skull. (pg. 103)​

Agonist Muscles during Retraction

Trapezius middle fibers trapezius lower fibers rhomboids levator scapulae

Agonist Muscles during Elevation

Trapezius upper fibers Trapezius middle fibers levator scapulae rhomboid

(T/F) The serratus anterior muscle when contracting concentrically performs abduction in a transverse plane of motion. ​

True

(T/F) The levator scapulae muscle inserts on the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the scapular spine.

True (pg. 105)​

(T/F) The concentric actions of the serratus anterior muscle include scapula abduction and upward rotation.

True (pg. 106)​

(T/F) The insertion of the serratus anterior muscle is on the anterior aspect of the whole length of the medial border of the scapula.

True (pg. 106)​

(T/F) The insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle is on the coracoid process of the scapula.

True (pg. 107)​

(T/F) The origin of the subclavius muscle is the superior aspect of the first rib at its junction with its costal cartilage.

True (pg. 108)​

(T/F) The scapula is unable to move on the trunk without movement of the sternoclavicular and/or acromioclavicular joints.

True (pg. 92)​

Which of the following actions is performed concentrically by the serratus anterior muscle?​ Downward rotation​ Extension​ Flexion​ Upward rotation

Upward rotation (pg. 106)​

The shoulder girdle movements primarily involve all of the following muscles except:​ the rhomboid major and minor muscles.​ the serratus anterior muscle.​ the trapezius muscle.​ the pectoralis major muscle.​

the pectoralis major muscle.​