KINE 232 - Chp 7 & 10

Cauda Equina

A bundle of spinal nerves that extend downward through the vertebral canal from the end of the spinal cord to the L1 and L2 level.

Chronic Injury

A slow, insidious onset of symptoms that culminates in a painful inflammatory condition.

Lordosis

Abnormal exaggeration of the lumbar curve

Kyphosis

Accentuation of the thoracic curve

Somatic pain

Arises from the skin, ligaments, muscles, bones and joints, and is the most common type of pain encountered in musculoskeletal injuries.

Primary Survey

Determines the level of responsiveness and asses airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC's)

Primary Complaint

Focuses on the injury individuals perception of the current injury.

HOPS

History, observation, palpation, special testing

Symptom

Information provided by the injured individual regarding their perception of the problem.

PROM

Injured limb or body part is moved through ROM without the individual's assistance.

palpation

Involves the healthcare provider to physically touch and feel the body of the injured individual.

AROM

Joint motion performed voluntarily by the individual through muscular contraction.

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the spine

Secondary Survey

Once it has been determined that a life-threatening condition does not exist, a secondary survey is preformed to ID the extent and type of injury.

The immediate assessment occurring on the field when a life-threatening injury is present is called

Primary survey

Inter-vertebral discs

Provide cushioning between the articulating vertebral bodies.

RROM

Restrictive ROM to test muscle strength and detect injury to the nervous system.

Visceral pain

Results from disease or injury to an organ in the thoracic or abdominal cavity, such as compression, tension, or distension of the viscera.

Acute Injury

Sudden, onset of symptoms resulting from a specific event.

Lumbar plexus

Supplies the anterior and medial muscles of the thigh region. Formed by the T12 though L5 nerve roots.

The sacral plexus

Supplies the muscles of the buttock region, and through the sacral nerve, the muscles of the posterior thigh and entire lower leg.

Mechanism of Injury

The physical cause or circumstance under which the injury occurred. How it happened.

The Brachial Plexus

The shoulder region and upper extremity receive sensory and motor innervation from the brachial plexus, which originates from the c5 through t1 nerve roots.

Facet Joints

Where the superior and inferior articular processes mate with the articular process of adjacent vertebrae.

Movement of an affected part by the patient is ________ exercise.

active

Sign

an objective, measurable physical (hear, smell, feel, see) finding regarding an individuals condition.

Cervical flexion

compresses the cervical vertebrae.

The Cervical Plexus

consists of spinal nerves C1 through C4. These nerves innervate muscles of the neck, shoulder, and the diaphragm and supply sensation for the skin of the ear, neck and upper chest.

Subjective information that is gained through the __________ portion of the HOPS process.

history

The amount of "give" within a joint's supportive tissue is termed

laxity

Visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, willingness and ability to move is called

observation

Movement of an affected part by another person or device without effort by the patient is ________ exercise

passive

Actions involving stimulation of a motor neuron by a sensory neuron in the spinal cord without involvement of the brain are called

reflexes

A measurable physical finding regarding the individual's condition is called a:

sign

The categories of pain

somatic and visceral

Information provided by the individual regarding their perception of the problem is call a:

symptom

Low back pain in runners is often caused by:

tightness in the hip flexors and hamstrings