Kinesiology Exam IV
T/F All of the erector spine muscles run horizontally parallel to the spinal column
False
T/F Each toe has three phalanxes except for the great toe which has only two
True
T/F Eccentric actions occur when muscles lengthen under tension to control the joints moving with gravity or a resistance
True
T/F Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration
True
The flexor halides longs performs which of the following actions? a. Great toe flexion b. Transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion c. Ankle plantar flexion d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion? a. Left sternocleidomastoid b. Right splines cervicis c. Right splines capitis d. Right sternocleidomastoid
d. Right sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following is not considered to be one of the quadriceps muscles? a. Rectus femoris b. Vastus lateralis c. Vastus intermedius d. Vastus medius
All of them are correct
T/F The ankle and foot joints are composed of 26 bones in each foot
True
Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle? a. Rectus abdominis b. External oblique abdominal c. Lateral abdominis d. Quadratus lumborum
c. Lateral abdominis
Which of the following statements is not true regarding 'shin splints'? a. not a specific diagnosis b. attributed to a number of different specific muucslotendionous injuries c. most often involves tibias posterior, medial soles, or anterior tibialis d. may be partially prevented by stretching plantar extensors
d. may be partially prevented by stretching plantar extensors
All of the following are key bony landmarks for the knee joint actions except: a. supierior and inferior patellar poles b. tibial tuberosity c. Gerdy's condyle d. Medial and lateral femoral condyles
C. Gerdy's condyle
Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper? a. Also referred to as the tibiofemoral joint b. classified as a ginglymus joint c. sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation when in full extension d. considered by some authorities to be a condyloid type joint
C. sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation when in full extension
T/F An ankle sprain is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more tendons.
False
T/F During both walking and running there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground.
False
T/F Inversion is turing the ankle and foot outward away from the middle of the body where the weight is on the medial edge of the foot
False
T/F Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of thoracic curve of the vertebral column
False
T/F Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are general body characteristics that are not specific to each body are and muscle group.
False
T/F The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments
False
T/F The posterior portion of the trunk contains the abdominal muscles
False
T/F The quadriceps muscle group function as a decelerator to knee joint flexion in weight-bearing movements by contracting concentrically to prevent too rapid of a downward movement.
False
T/F The spinous processes are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies
False
T/F The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves
False
T/F A sideward deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis
True
T/F Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia.
True
T/F Concentric muscle actions are the shortening contraction of muscles against gravity or a resistance.
True
T/F Dorsiflexion is the dorsal aspect of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia
True
T/F Increased pressure on the spinal nerves may result from a herniated lumbar disc and result in radiating pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the lower extremity.
True
T/F Many types of back pain and other physical ailments can be avoided through proper maintenance of the musculoskeletal system.
True
T/F Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine
True
T/F Motions of the toe metacarpophalangeal joints include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction/
True
T/F Muscles may shorten or lengthen in the absence of a contraction through passive movement caused by other contracting muscles.
True
T/F Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction
True
T/F Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position
True
T/F Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movement of the spine where the head moves towards the chest and the thorax moves towards the pelvis
True
T/F Tears in menisci can occur due to both compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running
True
T/F The "SAID Principle" is applicable in every form of muscle training as well as to the system of body.
True
T/F The "alternating prone extension"exercise can be broken down to two separate phases.
True
T/F The gastrocnemius is innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2)
True
T/F The knee joint can extend to 180 degrees normally although some individuals can extend slightly further
True
T/F The knee joint is the largest joint in the body.
True
T/F The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella.
True
T/F The location of the erector spine muscles enables them to extent the spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion
True
T/F The most common type of ankle sprain results from excessive inversion that causes damage lateral structures
True
T/F The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar spines are lordotic
True
T/F The only muscle involved in extending all of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus.
True
T/F The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension
True
T/F The pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in hip and lumbar spine
True
T/F The specific needs of each individual should be specifically addressed when designing an exercise program.
True
T/F The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula.
True
T/F The vertebral column has 24 articulating vertebrae
True
T/F Toe flexion is movement of toes toward plantar surface of the foot
True
T/F Vertebrae increase in size from the cervical to the lumbar region because the lower back supports more weight
True
T/F When using free weights for strength training it is important to ensure that one group of muscles is not overdeveloped and another is underdeveloped
True
Most of the roation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between ____. a. C1 and C2 b. C2 and C3 c. C7 and T1 d. Occipital condyles and C1
a. C1 and C2
Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion? a. Left sternocleidomastoid b. Right splines cervicis c. Right splines capitis d. Right sternocleidomastoid
a. Left sternocleidomastoid
The femoral nerve innervates all of the following muscles except: a. biceps femoris b. rectus femoris c. vastus lateralis d. vastus intermedialis
a. biceps femoris
Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint? a. classified as an arthrodial type joint b. Hinge nature of patella on femoral condyles c. This joint lacks ligaments d. The joint is not commonly injured
a. classified as an arthrodial type joint
The alternating prone extension strengthens the trunk extensors through __________. a. concentric contractions during the lifting phase b. concentric contractions during the lowering phase c. eccentric contractions during the lifting phase d. isometric contractions during the lifting phase
a. concentric contractions during the lifting phase
Which of the following muscles would be most effective in performing anterior pelvic rotation? a. erector spinae b. external abdominal oblique c. internal abdominal oblique d. rectus abdominis
a. erector spinae
Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting? a. gastocnemius b. soleus c. tibialis anterior d. flexor digitorum longus
a. gastocnemius
Which of the following muscles is not activated during an isometric abdominal exercise? a. serratus anterior b. rectus abdomnis c. external oblique d. transverse abdominis
a. serratus anterior
The _______ process can be palpated on the posterior surface of the spine when it is flexed. a. spinous b. styloid c. transverse d. xiphoid
a. spinous
When performing the up portion of the sit-up with rotation to the left, which of the following muscles are utilized the most? a. Left internal oblique abdominal and left external oblique abdominal b. Left internal oblique abdominal and right external oblique abdominal c. Right internal oblique abdominal and left external oblique abdominal d. Right internal oblique abdominal and right external oblique abdominal
b. Left internal oblique abdominal and right external oblique abdominal
Increased posterior concavity of the cervical spine is known as _____? a. Kyphosis b. Lordosis c. Recurvatum d. Scoliosis
b. Lordosis
The ______ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine-rib cage. a. Cervical b. Lumbar c. Sacral d. Thoracic
b. Lumbar
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the "bent knee sit-up" exercise? a. The participant lies on back with forearms crossed and lying across chest b. The strength of the erector spine muscles are benefited significantly through this exercise c. Hips and knees are flexed in this manner to reduce hip flexor length d. Participant curls up to a sitting position, rotates trunk to right, touches left elbow to right knee
b. The strength of the erector spine muscles are benefited significantly through this exercise
Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medals, vastus intermedius, vastus laterals? a. all attach to the patella then to tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon b. all are superficial and palpable except vests medialis c. power may be measured by the vertical jump test d. generally desired to be 25-33% stronger than the hamstring group
b. all are superficial and palpable except vests medialis
Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine? a. flexes approximately 6o degrees b. extends 20-30 degrees c. both are correct d. None are correct
b. extends 20-30 degrees
Extreme ______ of the spine would be prevented in party the spinous processes. a. abduction b. extension c. flexion d. lateral flexion
b. extension
The squat and dead lift are similar in that they both strengthen the _______. a. knee flexors b. hip extensors c. hip flexors d. trunk extensors
b. hip extensors
Which of the following is not true with respect to the synovial cavity? a. Supplies knee with synovial fluid b. provides the knee with stability c. lies under patella and between surfaces of tibia and femur d. considered to be the "capsule of the knee"
b. provides the knee with stability
Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion? a. gastocnemius b. soleus c. tibialis anterior d. flexor digitorum longus
b. soleus
Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except? a. biceps femoris b. tensor fascia latae c. sartorious d. gracilis
b. tensor fascia latae
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the abdominal muscles? a. Some sections of these muscles are linked by fascia and tendinous bands b. These muscles do not attach completely from bone to bone c. Both of the above choices are correct d. none are correct
c. Both of the above choices are correct
Which of the following is not true regarding the bursa of the knee? a. there are more than 10 bursa around and in the knee b. some are connected to the synovial cavity c. composed mainly of fatty tissue d. absorb shock and/or reduce friction
c. composed mainly of fatty tissue
Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group? a. consists of 4 separate muscles b. serve to extend the knee c. covered by the vests fascia d. located in anterior compartment of the thigh
c. covered by the vests fascia
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervates all of the following muscles except: a. semitendonous b. semimembranous c. sartorious d. biceps femoris
c. sartorious
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the tibiofibular joint? a. syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint b. joined at both primal and distal tibiofibular joints c. the interosseus membrane is located around the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support d. Minimal movement occurs at this joint
c. the interosseus membrane is located around the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support
The "Tom, Dick, and Harry" phrase refers to the ____? a. tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus b. tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus c. tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus d. tibialis posterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus
c. tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diaphragm muscle? a. breathing during quiet rest b. when it contracts and flattens air is inspired c. when larger amounts of air are needed other thoracic muscles have a more significant contribution to inspiration d. all of the above choices are correct
d. all of the above choices are correct
Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint? a. forms cushion between bones b. attached to tibia c. deepens tibial fossa d. decreases stability
d. decreases stability
Which of the following is not considered very important in skillful performance of physical activity and body maintenance from a kinesiological perspective? a. strength b. endurance c. flexibility d. power
d. power
Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group? a. responsible for knee flexion b. located in posterior compartment of thigh c. consists of three separate muscles d. provides static stability to the knee joint
d. provides static stability to the knee joint
In performing lateral flexion against gravity such as in a lateral sit-up, which of the following muscles would be least effective? a. erector spinae b. Internal and external abdominal oblique c. quadratus lumborum d. rectus abdominis
d. rectus abdominis