Kinesiology final exam

Elbow extension takes place in the _____ plane.

sagittal

The rotator cuff group includes the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. true or false

true

The term "intrinsic" usually pertains to muscles within or belonging solely to the body part upon which they act. true or false

true

The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula. true or false

true

The two major types of fiber arrangements are parallel and pennate. true or false

true

The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius. true or false

true

The ulnar collateral ligament is critical to providing medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity true or false

true

During the "lifting up" phase of a back squat. What are the knee agonist muscles active?

the quads

Tightening a screw with a screwdriver using the right hand depends significantly upon the action of the _______.

biceps brachialis

Radioulnar pronation is performed by all of the following muscles except the:

brachialis

During the "lifting up" phase of a back squat. What are the hip agonist muscles active?

hamstring

The elbow includes all of the following ligaments except the:

interosseous ligament

Of the carpal bones, which articulates with the radius and is critical in transfering force from the hand into the forearm ?

scaphoid

Which of the following muscles is most commonly affected by scapular winging?

serratus anterior

The vastus medialis provides a(n) _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

superomedial

Which of the following is not a term used to classify the pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement?

tripennate

All three of the vasti muscles of the quadriceps originate on the proximal femur and insert on the patellar superior pole. true or false

true

Anteriorly, the pelvic bones are joined to form the symphysis pubis, an amphiarthrodial joint. true or false

true

Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of the femur, tibia and patella. true or false

true

The actions of the brachioradialis muscle include all of the following except:

weak flexion of the shoulder joint.

The most commonly injured ligament in the elbow due to throwing is the ______.

ulnar collateral ligament

Which of the following is a proprioceptor associated with muscle tissue?

Golgi tendon organ

During a push-up exercise, what is the contraction type in the shoulder girdle during the pushing phase to the up position? (start with chest on floor and pushing up)

concentric

During a rowing exercise, what is the contraction type during the pull-in / pull-up phase of the lift?

concentric

During an overhead press exercise, what is/are the movement/s used in the shoulder girdle during the return to starting position phase. (weight is above head and athlete slowly lowers the weight down to the starting position)

downward rotation/repression

Antagonist muscles are known as prime or primary movers and are most involved in a joint action. true our false

false

Cancellous bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress, but less strain, than cortical bone. true or false

false

Contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated. true or false

false

Generally, parallel muscles will produce a lesser range of movement than similar-size muscles with a pennate arrangement. true or false

false

In the anatomical position, the radius is more medial than the ulna. true or false

false

In the context of wrist and hand movements, radial flexion refers to the movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the medial aspect or radial side of the forearm. true or false

false

Isokinetic muscle contractions involve a dynamic movement wherein the speed of movement is variable. true or false

false

It is not possible for a muscle to cause more than one action in an associated joint. true or false

false

Ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when actively contracting. true or false

false

Posterior dislocations occur frequently at the glenohumeral joint. true or false

false

The scapula is an example of an irregular bone. true or false

false

The stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by its significant mobility. true or false

false

Each of the following joints allows a slight amount of motion to occur except _____.

gomphosis

During a rowing exercise, what is the movement in the shoulder joint during the pull-in / pull-up phase of the lift? (Performed in Horizontal plane)

horizontal abduction

During a push-up exercise, what is the movement in the shoulder joint during the pushing phase to the up position in the horizontal plane? (start with chest on floor and pushing up)

horizontal adduction

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the injury rate of the glenohumeral joint?

tight configuration of ligaments

Abduction is an example of movement in a coronal plane about an anteroposterior axis. true or false

true

As the elbow reaches full extension, the olecranon process of the ulna is received by the olecranon fossa of the humerus, and this provides increased joint stability. true or false

true

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is an increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, which interferes with the normal function of the median nerve. true or false

true

Collagen in bone provides flexibility and strength to resist tension. true or false

true

Diagonal abduction is movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body. true or false

true

Diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints. true or false

true

Each muscle in the human body may be innervated by a single nerve or multiple nerves. true or false

true

Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally. true or false

true

Elbow motions primarily involve movement between the articular surfaces of the humerus and the ulna. true or false

true

Generally, longer muscles can shorten through a greater range and are more effective in moving joints through large ranges of motion. true or false

true

In the context of wrist and hand movements, dorsiflexion refers to the movement of the back of the hand toward the posterior or dorsal aspect of the forearm. true or false

true

In the context of wrist and hand movements, opposition refers to the movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose the palm or any combination of the phalanges. true or false

true

Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm is called _____.

ulnar deviation

Which of the following movements involves moving the inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column to assist in raising the arm out to the side?

upward rotation

When flexing all of the fingers joints maximally in combination with maximal wrist flexion and no further flexion of any of the involved joints may be reached, the result is _______.

Active insufficiency of the flexor muscles

When performing an Right Lateral Pelvic Tilt, what is the Right Femur doing?

abduction

During an overhead press exercise, what is the movement used in the shoulder joint during the return to starting position phase in frontal plane. (weight is above head and athlete slowly lowers the weight down to the starting position)

adduction

Lowering the arm to the side or the thigh back to the anatomical position is an example of _____.

adduction

The medial compartment of the thigh contains the muscles—adductor brevis, the adductor longus, the adductor magnus, the pectineus, and the gracilis—that are primarily responsible for ______.

adduction of the hip

Radioulnar supination is performed by all of the following muscles except the:

anconeus muscle

In basketball and soccer injury to the _____ occurs much more commonly to females than to males.

anterior cruciate ligament

The iliopsoas muscle is located _____ and performs _____ of the hip.

anteriorly; flexion

Which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?

flexor carpi ulnaris

The frontal plane divides the body into _____.

front and back halves

If the _____ plane runs from medial to lateral, then its axis must run from front to back.

frontal

During the "lifting up" phase of a bicep curl. What are the elbow agonist muscles used?

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres

During the "return/lowering" phase of a bicep curl. What are the elbow agonist muscles used?

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres

Which of the following is an efficient way to stretch the pectoralis minor muscle?

By lying supine with a rolled towel directly under the thoracic spine while a partner pushes each scapula into retraction

Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between _____.

C1 and C2

Which of the following is not true of concentric muscle contractions?

Concentric muscle contractions are commonly described as being a negative type of contraction.

During an overhead press exercise, what are the agonists muscles used in the shoulder joint during the return to starting position phase in frontal plane. (weight is above head and athlete slowly lowers the weight down to the starting position)

Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Upper Pectoralis Major

Elbow stability is locked when at full _______ and unlocked at > _______

Extension, 20 degrees flexion

Which of the following is an example of a transverse plane movement?

Internal rotation of the right shoulder

Which of the following statements is true about the shoulder joint?

It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial and has three degrees of freedom.

Which of the following muscles performs actions in the frontal plane about the sagittal axis?

The abductor pollicis longus muscle

Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist?

The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

Which of the following muscles performs flexion of the thumb?

The flexor pollicis longus muscle

During an overhead press exercise, what is contraction type during the return to starting position phase. (weight is above head and athlete slowly lowers the weight down to the starting position)

eccentric

_____ is the ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length.

extensibility

During the "lifting up" phase of a back squat. What is the hip movement?

extension

Extreme _____ of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous processes.

extension

When performing a Right Transverse Rotation, what is the Left Femur doing?

external rotation

A movement of the forearm away from the shoulder is best described by the term "flexion." true or false

false

As the knee approaches full extension the tibia must internally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles. true or false

false

Supination refers to an internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna. true or false

false

When performing an Anterior Pelvic Tilt, what is the Right Femur doing?

flexion

When performing a Right Transverse Rotation, what is the Trunk & Spine doing?

left transverse rotation

The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts on the:

medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

The carpal tunnel houses flexor tendons as well as the median nerve. What wrist flexor tendon does not pass through the carpal tunnel, making it an easy tendon to harvest and use during a UCL reconstruction surgery ? (hint : it's absent in a small % of the population)

palmaris longus

The shoulder girdle movements primarily involve all of the following muscles except:

pectoralis major muscle

During a push-up exercise, what are the agonist muscles used in the shoulder joint during the pushing phase to the up position? (start with chest on floor and pushing up)

pectoralis major/anterior delt/coracobrachialis

The only uniarticular knee flexor is the _____.

popliteus

Which of the following is not a function performed by the skeletal system?

production of heat

In the context of radioulnar joint movements, which of the following terms refers to the internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from the palm-up to the palm-down position?

pronation

The _________ muscle does not perform flexion of the elbow

pronator quadratus

When performing an Left Lateral Pelvic Tilt, what is the Trunk & Spine doing?

right lateral flexion

Distally, the patella serves as a major bony landmark to which all four quadriceps muscles attach and ultimately insert on the tibial tuberosity via the patella tendon. true or false

true

Flexion of the forearm with a barbell in the hands, known as "curling," is an excellent exercise to develop the biceps brachii muscle. true or false

true

Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration. true or false

true

Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position. true or false

true

Tears in menisci can occur due to both compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running. true or false

true

The elbow joint is a hinge-type joint that allows only internal and external rotation in the sagittal plane. true or false

true

The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint. true or false

true

The fingers can only flex and extend, except at the metacarpophalangeal joints, where abduction and adduction are controlled by the intrinsic hand muscles. true or false

true

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle which has its stability enhanced by a labrum. true or false

true

The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar portion of the spine are lordotic. true or false

true

The palmaris longus tendon does not pass through the carpal tunnel. true or false

true

The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension. true or false

true

During a rowing exercise, what are the agonist muscles used in the shoulder joint during the pull-in / pull-up phase of the lift? (Performed in Horizontal plane)

Posterior/Middle deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor, latissimus dorsi

During a push-up exercise, what are the agonist muscles used in the shoulder girdle during the pushing phase to the up position? (start with chest on floor and pushing up)

Serratus Anterior/Pectoralis Minor

Which of the following is a true statement about stabilizer muscles?

They are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements.

Which of the following is a true statement about agonist muscles?

They cause a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically.

During a rowing exercise, what are the agonist muscles used in the shoulder girdle during the pull-in / pull-up phase of the lift? (Performed in Horizontal plane)

Trapezius (lower & middle fibers), rhomboids

During an overhead press exercise, what are the agonist muscles used in the shoulder girdle during the return to starting position phase. (weight is above head and athlete slowly lowers the weight down to the starting position)

Trapezius, Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor

The chief function of the _______ is to pull the synovial membrane of the elbow joint out of the way of the advancing olecranon process during extension of the elbow.

anconeus muscle

Abduction takes place around the _____ axis.

anteroposterior

All of the following are provided by muscles except _____.

attachment points for other muscles

The subconscious mechanism by which the body is able to regulate posture and movement is called _____.

proprioception

Bone is composed of all of the following except _____.

protein

During a push-up exercise, what is the movement of the shoulder girdle during the pushing phase to the up position? (start with chest on floor and pushing up)

protraction

During a rowing exercise, what is the movement in the shoulder girdle during the pull-in / pull-up phase of the lift?

retraction

Flexion of the elbow occurs in the _______ plane of motion, and supination of the forearm occurs in the _______ plane of motion.

sagittal; transverse

Which of the following muscles performs stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint?

subclavius muscle

The vastus lateralis provides a(n) _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

superolateral

Which of the following is the most likely to be involved in impingement syndrome?

supraspinatus muscle

Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the rotator cuff group?

teres major muscle

Which of the following is considered to be an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle?

the latissimus dorsi muscle

In the context of wrist and hand movements, ulnar flexion refers to the movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm. true or false

true

Medial epicondylitis is frequently referred to as "golfer's elbow." true or false

true

Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath. true or false

true

Movements of the wrist joint include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. true or false

true

Positioning the forearm in pronation decreases the effectiveness of the biceps brachii muscle. In flexing the elbow. true or false

true

The action performed by the subscapularis muscle is opposite to the action performed by the infraspinatus muscle. true or false

true

The central, fleshy portion of a muscle is called the gaster. true or false

true

The conscious awareness of the position and movement of the body in space is called kinesthesis. true or false

true

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be divided into sensory and motor divisions. true or false

true

The ulnar collateral ligament is critical to providing medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity. true or false

true

The vertebral column has 24 articulating vertebrae. true or false

true

The wrist flexor muscles have their origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. true or false

true

To stretch the flexor carpi ulnaris, the elbow must be fully extended with the forearm supinated while a partner passively extends and abducts the wrist. true or false

true

Match the shoulder girdle movement with the appropriate shoulder joint movement.

upward rotation- abduction elevation/upward rotation- flexion adduction(retraction)- external rotation abduction(protraction)- horizontal adduction

Movements in the transverse plane occur around the _____ axis.

vertical