kinesiology final
Not including the iliotibial tract, how many distinct tendons are located on the posterior knee?
4
Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles?
Abduction and horizontal abduction
Which of the following is not an action of the pectineus muscle?
Abduction of the hip
Which scapular landmark is felt most lateral upon the scapula bone?
Acromion
In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?
Adduction
Due to its functional ability, which muscle could be called a 4th hamstring muscle?
Adductor Magnus
A client informs you that pain was felt immediately upon slipping on ice and landing with legs apart. Which muscle group was directly impacted adversely with this slip and fall accident?
Adductors
Massage strokes for the Iliacus muscle will have the practitioner work at the -
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
When working a client's upper fibers of serratus anterior, the therapist must beware of the
Axillary nerve
Explain how the glenohumeral joint remains stable during movement. Provide information about specific muscles and ligaments to support your answer.
Because the humeral head does not fit deeply into the glenoid, the rotator cuff muscles and glenohumeral ligaments must maintain dynamic balance throughout the motion.
A strain felt in the boney groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus will indicate injury to the -
Biceps Brachii
Forcefully using a screwdriver will require extra usage of the -
Biceps Brachii
Which muscle lies directly superficial to the proximal lateral belly of the gastrocnemius?
Biceps Femoris
Which of the following is an action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Both internal rotation and extension
Which arm movement does not involve the Deltoid muscle in a primary or synergist fashion?
Bringing arms to my sides
Which of the following is an efficient way to stretch the pectoralis minor muscle?
By lying supine with a rolled towel directly under the thoracic spine while a partner pushes each scapula into retraction
When throwing a ball, which muscle is responsible for bringing my arm backwards before it swings forward?
Deltoid
Which of the following actions is not performed by the trapezius muscle?
Downward rotation
Which of the following actions is performed by the levator scapulae muscle?
Elevation
Which of the following is not an action of the brachioradialis muscle?
Extension of the elbow
Which of the following is a primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Extension of the glenohumeral joint
A movement of the forearm away from the shoulder is best described by the term "flexion."
False
Except for the glenohumeral joint, the acetabular femoral joint is the least mobile joint of the body.
False
Hip flexion refers to the movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline.
False
In the anatomical position, the radius is medial with respect to the ulna.
False
In the context of the pelvic girdle motions, anterior pelvic rotation refers to the anterior movement of the upper pelvis in which the iliac crest tilts forward in the transverse plane.
False
Lateral epicondylitis is a condition that occurs less commonly than medial epicondylitis.
False
Supination refers to an internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna.
False
The elbow joint is a hinge-type joint that allows only internal and external rotations.
False
The levator scapulae muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve C5 and branches of C6.
False
The levator scapulae muscle is responsible for an upward rotation of the inferior angle of the scapula.
False
The olecranon process is located on the medial aspect of the ulna.
False
The pectoralis minor muscle can perform adduction, downward rotation, or depression when activated.
False
The scapula and the clavicle serve as proximal attachments for the muscles that flex and extend the elbow.
False
The scapula moves on the rib cage as a consequence of joint motion actually occurring at the acromioclavicular joint and to a lesser extent at the sternoclavicular joint.
False
The scapulothoracic joint is a true synovial joint, and its movement is independent of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.
False
The semimembranosus muscle inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle.
False
The shoulder joint agonists that are associated with diagonal adduction are the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles.
False
The stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by its significant mobility.
False
The sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
False
The structural instability of the acetabular femoral joint makes it susceptible to subluxations and dislocations.
False
The tibial nerve innervates both the gracilis and the biceps femoris muscles.
False
Which postural deviation will indicate that a client's piriformis is tightened in a short position?
Feet pointing externally
Dysfunction of the Coracobrachialis muscle makes which movement more challenging?
Flexion of the shoulder
A fractured coccyx will take years to fully heal because ________________ constantly pulls upon this bone when walking.
Gluteus Maximus
The sacrotuberous ligament can be effected directly by tightness of the -
Gluteus Maximus
Lifting my leg to my side and kicking upwards takes the concentric effort of -
Gluteus Medius
In the context of the pelvic girdle motions, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the femur in the frontal plane medially toward the midline?
Hip adduction
Which of the following is an action of the biceps brachii muscle?
Horizontal adduction of the shoulder joint
Which muscles passes deep to the inguinal ligament?
Iliacus
A tennis player reports feeling a pain "behind their shoulder" after performing a back hand stroke during their game. Which muscle is most likely strained?
Infraspinatus
Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?
Infraspinous fossa
A client states "I felt pain as I was pulling my bag towards my body." A strain likely occurred at which humeral landmark?
Intertubecular Groove
When straining my hamstring muscle group, the pain will be most strongly felt at the -
Ischial Tuberosity
Which of the following statements is true about the shoulder joint?
It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial.
Which of the following is an important application of the trapezius muscle?
It is always used in preventing the glenoid fossae from being pulled down during the lifting of objects with the arms.
Which of the following statements is true about the biceps femoris muscle?
It is best developed through hamstring curls or leg curls.
Which of the following is a key application of the serratus anterior muscle?
It is used strongly in doing push-ups, especially in the last 5 to 10 degrees of motion.
Which of the following statements is true about the carrying angle?
It permits the forearms to clear the hips in the swinging movements during walking.
Raising my arms directly over my head will stretch the -
Latissimus Dorsi
Which muscle engages strongest when I press my arms against the sides of my body?
Latissimus Dorsi
A client suffering a "kink in their neck" after sleeping awkwardly on their pillow will witness injury to the -
Levator Scapulae
Which activity will most likely create strain of the sternoclavicular joint?
Lifting a heavy item on a shelf above one's head
A client states "I feel pain in my mid-back after moving my arms backwards to pull a heavy weight towards me." A strain likely occurred at which scapular landmark?
Medial margin
Which muscle allows for movement within multiple anatomical planes?
Pectoralis Major
Which muscle can be palpated at the anterior border of the axillary space?
Pectoralis Major
Cross fiber massage strokes performed upon the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligaments will be applied directly superior to the -
Pectoralis Minor
The sciatic nerve most commonly passes between which two muscles?
Piriformis & Superior Gemellus
Oops! A massage therapist accidently applies deep pressure within the popliteal fossa trying to address the -
Plantaris
Which of the following is not an action of the pectoralis major muscle?
Pronation
Which muscle is lengthened when lunging one leg forward while stretching the opposing leg straight backwards?
Psoas Major
A massage stroke from the ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter will address which muscle directly?
Quadratus Femoris
A client laying prone on the table receives a stretch involving the therapist bending their leg making the client's foot contact the gluteals. Which muscle group has been stretched?
Quadriceps
Which muscle group when tightened may directly deviate the position of the patella bone?
Quadriceps
Which activity can cause the Iliopsoas to fatigue quickly, thereby inducing secondary hip flexors to engage to assist?
Running in a race
Which of the following applications necessarily involves the levator scapulae muscle?
Shrugging the shoulders
Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the anterior surface of the scapula?
Subscapular fossa
In the context of radioulnar joint movements, which of the following terms refers to the external rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from the palm-down to the palm-up position?
Supination
Subacromial bursitis may directly impact which muscle?
Supraspinatus
The upper fibers of Trapezius engage with which of these motions?
Swinging head backwards
A massage therapist applies a stroke pushing tissue inferiorly from the ASIS. Which muscle will be directly addressed?
Tensor Fascia Latae
Which of the following is a posterior upper extremity muscle?
The anconeus muscle
Which of the following muscles is involved in both pronation and supination?
The brachioradialis muscle
Which of the following is important in extension of the thigh with external rotation?
The gluteus maximus muscle
Which of the following is considered to be an agonist muscle during hip abduction?
The gluteus medius muscle
Which of the following is the most powerful of the external rotators and is the second most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?
The infraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is considered to be an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle?
The latissimus dorsi muscle
Which of the following is not an intrinsic glenohumeral muscle?
The pectoralis major muscle
Which of the following muscles is best stretched by using a partner to grasp the wrist and passively take the forearm into extreme supination?
The pronator quadratus muscle
Which of the following is an anterior upper extremity muscle?
The pronator teres muscle
Which of the following muscles is best stretched in a side-lying position by having a partner take the knee into full flexion and simultaneously take the hip into extension?
The rectus femoris muscle
Which of the following muscles are used powerfully in chinning, an activity in which an individual hangs from a horizontal bar suspended by his or her hands and pulls himself or herself up until his or her chin is over the bar?
The rhomboid muscles
In the context of the pelvic girdle motions, which of the following statements is true of the right lateral pelvic rotation?
The right pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to the left pelvis in the frontal plane.
Which of the following muscles is a two-joint muscle, effective as a hip flexor or as a knee flexor, and is sometimes referred to as the tailor's muscle?
The sartorius muscle
Which of the following muscles is important in providing dynamic medial stability to the knee joint because of the manner in which it crosses the joint and is also responsible for internal rotation of the knee?
The semimembranosus muscle
Which of the following muscles has its origin in the surface of the upper nine ribs at the side of the chest?
The serratus anterior muscle
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the long thoracic upward nerve (C5-C7)?
The serratus anterior muscle
Which of the following muscles is most commonly affected by scapular winging?
The serratus anterior muscle
Which of the following muscles would best be strengthened by the bench press and overhead press exercises?
The serratus anterior muscle
Which of the following muscles performs stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint?
The subclavius muscle
Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is not an anterior muscle of the shoulder joint?
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle?
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the rotator cuff group?
The teres major muscle
Which of the following muscles works effectively with the latissimus dorsi and is said to be the latissimus dorsi's "little helper"?
The teres major muscle
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve and branches of C3 and C4?
The trapezius muscle
Which of the following muscles performs an action in a sagittal plane of motion?
The trapezius muscle
Which of the following muscles performs both elevation and depression?
The trapezius muscle
Which of the following statements is true about the rhomboid muscles?
Their actions include adduction and downward rotation.
Which of the following is a salient feature of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle?
They assist in extension of the head due to their origin on the base of the skull.
The costal fibers of the Pectoralis Major will aid in a client with -
Throwing a bowling ball
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the injury rate of the glenohumeral joint?
Tight configuration of ligaments
Elbow motions primarily involve movement between the articular surfaces of the humerus and the ulna.
True
Flexion of the forearm with a barbell in the hands, known as "curling," is an excellent exercise to develop the biceps brachii muscle.
True
For the pelvis to rotate in any direction, movement must occur in either the right hip, the left hip, the lumbar spine, or a combination of these locations.
True
Generally, the hip joint can be abducted in the range of 0 to 35 degrees.
True
Glenohumeral joint stability is enhanced slightly by the glenoid labrum.
True
In the context of shoulder joint movements, abduction refers to an upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side, away from the body.
True
Medial epicondylitis is frequently referred to as "golfer's elbow."
True
Positioning the forearm in pronation decreases the effectiveness of the biceps brachii muscle.
True
The action performed by the subscapularis muscle is opposite to the action performed by the infraspinatus muscle.
True
The actions of the serratus anterior muscle include abduction and upward rotation.
True
The clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
True
The coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
True
The coracoclavicular ligament is particularly important in providing stability to the acromioclavicular joint.
True
The deltoid anterior fibers are responsible for the internal rotation and the deltoid posterior fibers are responsible for the external rotation of the glenohumeral joint.
True
The deltoid muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
The distal attachments of the radioulnar joint muscles are located on the radius.
True
The dorsal scapular nerve (C5) branch innervates the rhomboid muscles.
True
The femoral nerve arises from the posterior division of the lumbar plexus and innervates the anterior muscles of the thigh.
True
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle.
True
The infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
The innervation of the trapezius muscle is the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and branches of C3 and C4.
True
The long thoracic nerve originates from C5, C6, and C7 and innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
True
The obturator nerve arises from the anterior division of the lumbar plexus and provides innervation to the hip adductors.
True
The obturator nerve innervates both the adductor longus and the gracilis muscles.
True
The pelvic girdle consists of a right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by the sacrum.
True
The pronator teres muscle is innervated by the median nerve (C6, C7).
True
The rotator cuff group includes the subscapularis, the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles.
True
The sciatic nerve tibial division innervates both the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles.
True
The serratus anterior muscle performs abduction in a transverse plane of motion.
True
The shoulder joint agonists that perform flexion are the anterior deltoid, the upper pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis muscles.
True
The teres minor muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6
True
The trapezius muscles can perform adduction in a transverse plane of motion when activated.
True
The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius.
True
The ulnar collateral ligament is critical to providing medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity.
True
Which of the following is the sole action of the brachialis muscle?
True flexion of the elbow
Which of the following actions is performed by the serratus anterior muscle?
Upward rotation
Which of the following movements involves moving the inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column to assist in raising the arm out to the side?
Upward rotation
Which of the following actions is associated with the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle?
Upward rotation, adduction, and elevation
As a therapist takes a massage stroke from distal to proximal along Sartorius, which of these muscles will not be potentially contacted?
Vastus Lateralis
With client prone, a massage therapist applies a deep forearm stroke upon the Biceps Femoris muscle from distal to proximal, then transitions the stroke towards the Iliotibial band. Which muscle is next impacted by this massage stroke upon its transition?
Vastus Lateralis
Which of the following is an action of the pronator teres muscle?
Weak flexion of the elbow
Which of the following is an action of the tensor fasciae latae?
abduct the hip
Which of the following is an action of the piriformis?
abduct the hip when the hip is flexed
Which of the following is an action of the supraspinatus?
abduct the shoulder
What is the best action to ask your partner to perform to feel the supraspinatus contract?
abduction
Which shoulder movement would shorten the fibers of the supraspinatus?
abduction
In the context of shoulder girdle movements, an anterior tilt is a consequential rotational movement of the scapula ________.
about the frontal axis occurring during hyperextension of the glenohumeral joint
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, and the lower pectoralis major muscles is ________.
adduction
The medial compartment of the thigh contains the muscles—adductor brevis, the adductor longus, the adductor magnus, the pectineus, and the gracilis—that are primarily responsible for ________.
adduction of the hip
Which movement of the hip will lengthen the fibers of the piriformis?
adduction of the thigh when hip is flexed
Agonist muscles during hip flexion include all of the following except the:
adductor magnus muscle.
Radioulnar supination is performed by all of the following muscles except the:
anconeus muscle.
Which is the origin of the piriformis?
anterior surface of sacrum
The iliopsoas muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip.
anteriorly; flexion
The pectineus muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip.
anteriorly; flexion
The subscapularis tendon can be palpated between the two tendons of which muscle?
biceps brachii
Radioulnar pronation is performed by all of the following muscles except the:
brachialis muscle.
To locate the subscapularis tendon, move your fingers about one inch inferiorly and laterally from which bony landmark?
coracoid process
If you follow the fibers of the infraspinatus laterally, they converge underneath which muscle?
deltoid
To access the supraspinatus tendon, you must sink your fingers deep in to which muscle?
deltoid
The trapezius lower fibers are involved in all of the following actions except:
elevation
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is ________.
extension
Which movement of the hip will lengthen the fibers of the tensor fasciae latae?
extension
An action common to the teres minor and the infraspinatus muscles is ________.
external rotation
To best locate the infraspinatus and teres minor tendons with your partner in a supine position, how would you position your partner's arm?
flex the shoulder to 90o, then horizontally adduct and laterally rotate slightly
The gluteus maximus muscle is stretched in the supine position with full hip flexion to the ipsilateral axilla and then to the contralateral axilla with the knee in ________.
flexion
The ________ is best stretched by moving the hip into extreme adduction in front of the opposite extremity and then behind it, and weakness in this muscle can result in a Trendelenburg gait.
gluteus medius muscle
What is the shared attachment site for three out of four rotator cuff muscles?
greater tubercle
Which is the insertion of the infraspinatus?
greater tubercle of humerus
Which is the insertion of the supraspinatus?
greater tubercle of humerus
Which is the insertion of the teres minor?
greater tubercle of humerus
Which is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?
iliac crest, posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Which cable-like band of connective tissue can be isolated just anterior to the distal biceps femoris tendon?
iliotibial tract
Which is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?
iliotibial tract
When you lay your fingers along the spine, medial border and lateral border of the scapula, you're isolating which muscle?
infraspinatus
Which muscle is a synergist with teres minor in lateral rotation of the shoulder?
infraspinatus
Which muscle's dense quality is due to its multipennate fibers and thick, superficial fascia?
infraspinatus
Which is the origin of the infraspinatus?
infraspinous fossa of scapula
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, the subscapularis, and the pectoralis major muscles is ________.
internal rotation
Which is the insertion of the obturator internus?
intertrochanteric crest, between the greater and lesser trochanters
Which is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?
intertrochanteric crest, between the greater and lesser trochanters
Which is the origin of the gemellus superior?
ischial spine
Which is the origin of the gemellus inferior?
ischial tuberosity
Which is the origin of the quadratus femoris?
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Which movement of the hip will shorten the fibers of the quadratus femoris?
lateral rotation
Which shoulder movement would lengthen the fibers of subscapularis?
lateral rotation
Which shoulder movement would shorten the fibers of the infraspinatus?
lateral rotation
Which of the following is an action of the infraspinatus?
laterally rotate the shoulder
Which of the following is an action of the teres minor?
laterally rotate the shoulder
Which of the following is the broadest muscle of the back and is sometimes referred to as the swimmer's muscle?
latissimus dorsi
Which is the insertion of the subscapularis?
lesser tubercle of humerus
To experience the antagonist capabilities of teres major and teres minor, ask your partner to perform what actions (while in a prone position)?
medial and lateral rotation of the shoulder
The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the:
medial pectoral nerve arising from C8 and T1.
What action could your partner perform (from a sidelying position) to gently contract the subscapularis?
medial rotation
With your partner in a supine position, you can feel the tensor fasciae latae contract by asking your partner to perform what action at the hip?
medial rotation
Which is the insertion of the gemellus inferior?
medial surface of greater trochanter
Which is the insertion of the gemellus superior?
medial surface of greater trochanter
Which of the following is an action of the subscapularis?
medially rotate the shoulder
The pronator teres muscle inserts on the:
middle third of the lateral surface of the radius.
Which is the origin of the obturator internus?
obturator membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen
When placing your fingers on the coccyx, the PSIS and greater trochanter form a letter "T", which muscle will you find along the base of the "T"?
piriformis
Which muscle lies superficial to the sciatic nerve and can compress the nerve if overcontracted?
piriformis
The ________ muscle does not perform flexion of the elbow.
pronator quadratus
The anterior interosseous nerve branching from the median nerve (C6, C7) innervates the ________.
pronator quadratus muscle
Which rectangular muscle can be isolated by placing your fingerpads between the distal, posterior aspect of the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity?
quadratus femoris
Which is the origin of the obturator externus?
rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
Flexion of the elbow occurs in the ________ plane of motion, and supination of the forearm occurs in the ________ plane of motion.
sagittal; transverse
Agonist muscles during hip extension include all of the following except the:
sartorius muscle.
Which three tendons blend together to become the pes anserinus tendon?
semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius
Which is the origin of the subscapularis?
subscapular fossa of scapula
Which muscle is sandwiched between the subscapular fossa and serratus anterior?
subscapularis
Which of the rotator cuff muscles attach to the lesser tubercle?
subscapularis
Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a primary action of the ________.
subscapularis muscle
Which is the insertion of the piriformis?
superior aspect of greater trochanter
The posterior interosseous nerve branching from the radial nerve (C6) innervates the ________.
supinator muscle
Which rotator cuff muscle creates shoulder abduction?
supraspinatus
Which rotator cuff muscle is not involved in rotation of the shoulder?
supraspinatus
Which is the origin of the supraspinatus?
supraspinous fossa of scapula
Which muscle is most accessible between the upper fibers of the rectus femoris and gluteus medius?
tensor fasciae latae
Which muscle is an antagonist to teres minor in rotation of the humerus?
teres major
Under what two muscles should you slide your thumb when accessing the subscapularis from a sidelying position?
teres major and latissimus dorsi
Sliding laterally off the lateral border of the scapula, you can feel the tube-shaped belly of which muscle?
teres minor
The shoulder girdle movements primarily involve all of the following muscles except:
the pectoralis major muscle.
The radial nerve innervates all of the following muscles except:
the pronator teres muscle.
To locate the supraspinatus belly, you must palpate through which muscle?
trapezius
Which is the insertion of the obturator externus?
trochanteric fossa of femur
Which is the origin of the teres minor?
upper two-thirds of lateral border of the scapula
The actions of the brachioradialis muscle include all of the following except:
weak flexion of the shoulder joint.
