Knes 201
Physical literacy
"Physical literacy is the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life." (IPLA, 2014) - the ability to demonstrate physical proficiencies in multiple environments
Not having a "physical activity threshold" affects what?
- daily acitivies - more likely to decline affect getting sick rather than rebounding back
Nature Prescription and Ecotherapy
- doctors are prescribing nature - nature therapy for healing mental illness
Are the following true or false? - Odds of total stranger abduction 1 in 1000 • Broken bones and head injuries do happen but major trauma is rare • Canadian children are 8 times more likely to die as a passenger in a vehicle than being hit by one while playing outside
- false ~ 1 in 14 million - true - true
By 2036, the number of adults (over 65) is projected to reach between 9.9 million and 10.9 million, more than double the level of 4.7 million in 2009, what will be the impact of this?
- huge impact on healthcare system
" soft fascination" attention
- involuntary -Does not require effort (ie. Moving things, strange things) -Associated with contact with nature and is capable of restoring directed attention
What are the guidelines for sedentary behaviour?
- limiting screen time to no more than 2 hours per day - limit sedentary transport, extended sitting and time spent indoors throughout the day
What physiological systems reach their peak as a adult?
- muscular strength - aerobic fitness - bone density
Benefits of older people staying active
- physical and mental health -reducing the burden of disease, disability and the cost of health care
Protection paradox
- the overprotective nature of trying to keep kids safe by keeping tjme indoors and away from any potential risk
Directed attention
- voluntary - Task requires deliberate and sustained attention - Leads to attention fatigue
Green exercise
-Exercise in green spaces (usually outside) -Term used in Britain - research by Pretty et. al Examples: Walk and Talk Running Biking Outdoor Pursuits (non-mechanized) Outdoor Gyms (OFE) Green Trends
What are the 4 aspects of soft fascination attention as described by Kaplan (1995)
-Gain distance from routine activities and thoughts ("get away") -Nature (clouds, snow, leaves, rocks) holds attention effortlessly while also allowing mind to think about other things -Engaged experience (depth of experience) -Inherent affinity with nature, allows attention to rest
What are the Canadian Physical Activity guidelines for children aged 0-4?
-Infants aged less than 1 year old should be physically active several times daily - particularly through floor-based play - children aged 1-4 should accumulate at least 180 minutes of physical activity at any intensity spread throughout the day
Does decreased physical activity have an impact on the heath system?
-It has a huge role. -$6.8 billion dollars per year of Canadian tax payers money is spent on health care due to physical inactivity
Benefits of green exercise based on "The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise", 2005 Authors: Jules Pretty; Jo Peacock ; Martin Sellens; Murray Griffin
-Natural and social connections Friends, pets, wildlife, memories of happier times, spiritual feelings -Sensory Stimulation Fresh air, smells, sounds, weather, sense of adventure/excitement/fun, escape -Activity New skills, challenge, energy -Escape from Modern life Time to think and reflect, away from pressures/stress, recharging The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise, 2005 Authors: Jules Pretty; Jo Peacock ; Martin Sellens; Murray Griffin
Describe part 2: Vitamin N of Richard Louv's book The Nature Principle
-Tapping the Power of the Natural World for Our Physical, Emotional and Family Fitness -Improves self-esteem and mood -Reduces stress -Less depressed
Study the following picture
-between the age of birth and 3 the child's body is not mature enough to learn the fundamental movement skills - between 4 and 6, the child's body is "ready to learn" - between 7 and 11, it is the optimum time to learn the Fundamental Movement skills - after age 10 it is time for remedial work (the sooner the child starts to overcome the learning deficit the easier it will be for them to catch up and develop the skill and confidence needed to be fully active with their friends and peers.)
"Individuals who are physically literate move with ______________ and ______________ in a wide variety of physical activities in multiple environments that benefit the healthy development of the whole person."
-competence -confidence
poor lifestyles choices can result in...
-increase morbidity -loss of function - accelerated aging - premature death
Name examples of sports older people can participate in
-pickle ball - walking soccer - ballon badminton
by 2031, 1 in __ Canadians will be over the age of 65; this will have major __________, __________ and _____________ implications
1 in 4 - social, economic and healthcare
___% of 5-11 year olds in Canada meet the recommended guideline of 60 minutes MVPA (moderate-vigorous physical activity) per day
14%
___% of adults accumulate 150 minutes per week of MVPA (moderate-vigorous physical activity) in 10-minute bouts
15%
On average, a Canadian 65 year old male can expect to live another __ years and a Canadian 65 year old woman another __ years. HOWEVER, while ___ years of that will be in good heath, that will leave a period of ___ years with poor quality life with complex health challenges, functional limitations, disability, loss of independence and need for long term care
17 years and 21 years 13 years 4-8 years
Mountaineer Don Forest
1920-2003 Began mountaineering at 41 First to climb all 56 peaks in the Canadian Rockies over 11,000 feet Completed in 1979 at age 59 Set another Canadian climbing record in 1991, oldest person (age 71) to reach the West Summit of Mount Logan At 83 died while out cross-country skiing at West Bragg Creek
What percentage of 5- to 17-year-olds meet the Canadian Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines recommendation of no more than 2 hours of recreational screen time per day?
24%
those with moderate fitness have a ___% chance of reduction in all-cause mortality, disease and chronic conditions compared to those who report having high fitness levels having a ___% chance of reduction
30%; 60%
Children's nightly sleep has decreased by how many minutes?
30-60 minutes
___% of school-aged kids in Canada are sleep deprived
31%
What percentage of kids are sleep deprived?
31% of school-aged kids and 26% of adolescents in Canada are sleep- deprived.
Physical activity is indicated as a primary prevention of ____ chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, etc
35
___38% of parents did not believe that PA influences a child's risk of future health problems
38%
____% of 5-17 year olds accumulate 60 minutes of MVPA at least 3 days per week (2014)
40%
__% of 12-17 year olds in Canada meet the recommended guideline of 60 minutes daily of MVPA
5%
what is the percentage of adults accumulating 150 minutes on a regular basis—at least 30 minutes on at least 5 days a week?
5%
How much sleep do children need?
5-13 year olds need 9-11 hours of sleep per night and 14-17 year olds need 8-10 hours of sleep per night. Consistent bed and wake-times are important for all age groups.
Children of active parents are ____x more likely to adopt an active lifestyle than those of inactive parents
5.8x
Regular exercise can lead to prevent loss of function and loss of independence by __%; as well as increase life expectancy and increase in the years of disability free living
50%
___% of older people report being physically inactive
60%
____% of an older person's day is spent being sedentary?
69%
Sedentary Time accounts for nearly ___% of waking hours for men and women.
70%
Only ___% of Canadian kids aged 5-17 get the 60 minutes of heart-pumping activity they need each day (2012-13 CHMS)
9%
By age 75 what percentage of men and women do 30 minutes at least 5 days a week?
9% for men and 4% for woman
Total average daily sedentary time is ___ hours for men (aged 18-39) and ___ hours for women (aged 18-39). Increases with age.
9.5 and 9.7
what age do you have to be to be physically literate?
A person can enter the "Active For Life" stage at any age or phase of life
What are the 6 attributes of physical literacy?
A) Motivation Motivated to take part in physical activity has it pertains to overall quality of life Lifelong asset - motivated for different reasons B) Confidence and Physical Competence Confidence in physical abilities Move with poise, control and coordination (ABC's) in a range of physical activities C) Interaction with the Environment Reading all aspects of the environment and move fluently in surroundings D) Sense of self and self-confidence This attribute of physical literacy is often derived from rewarding experiences and comfort with embodiment E) Self-expression and communication with others Self expression through non-verbal communication Perceptive, empathetic due to ability to sense how others are feeling and offer support F) Knowledge and understanding Describe and evaluate ones own movement Assess the effects of embodied health (Exercise, Nutrition, Sleep, etc) * they are all interconnected, as one increases they all do; its a circle*
Relevance of nature and outdoors to Physical Activity and Physical Literacy
Active for Life Weight Management Other Health Benefits Indoor vs Outdoor - what do you prefer? Ground, Air, Water, Snow and Ice, Outdoors Active Commuting - helps environment and our bodies!
What makes an effective learning environment?
Active involvement (maximum participation) Readiness (age, skill, confidence) Relevance (metaphors, imagery) Motivation (challenging) Communication (key points) Teaching Formations/Structure (position) Variety (learning styles - teaching methods)
Exercise
Activity requiring physical effort, carried out especially to sustain or improve health and fitness.
Richard Louv's book The Nature Principle focuses around what?
Adults also feel the loss of connection with nature
What are the top 2 reasons that adult enjoy playing sports?
Adults report personal enjoyment and health as the top two reasons they play sport. Performance was also listed as important to those involved
What are the Canadian Physical Activity guidelines for adults aged 18-64?
Adults should accumulate at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per week ~ beneficial to add muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 2 days per week
What are different factors that affect learning?
Age (developmental stage) Physical Characteristics and Special Needs Attitudes and Personality (i.e. risk-taking) Past Experiences Fear/confidence (injury) Peer Pressure (safe) Environment Learning Style
Movement vocabulary
An individuals repertoire of movement skills (or sequence of skills)
Physical activity
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure; for example, exercise, active transportation, working, playing, chores, and recreation are ALL physical activity
Jaring Timmerman
At 104 years old, Winnipeg man finished two races (50-metre backstroke and 50-metre freestyle) to become the world's oldest masters swimmer Died at 105
Steps of skill acquisition in a lesson plan
Basic Technique for Teaching a Skill Introduction and explanation of skill Demonstration of skill (visual) Questions (auditory) Activity/Practice (kinesthetic) Feedback for correction: group & individual Summary/Wrap-Up
What do all these skills lead to?
Being active for life! Physical literacy is a lifelong quest that never ends.
Name examples of stability and balance exercises?
Body Rolling Dodging Balancing Bending Stretching Twisting Turning Swinging Stopping Pushing Pulling Rising/Stretching Collapsing Swaying Shaking
Nature Deficit Disorder is: A. A medical diagnosis for spending too much time on electronic devices B. A condition because we do not wear enough natural fabrics C. Kids do not get out in nature enough and this is causing a variety of problems D. Our nature is to sit around and not do anything E. Humans are suffering from not eating natural food
C. Kids do not get out in nature enough and this is causing a variety of problems
Uncertain Outcome is one of the requirements of: A.Physical Literacy B. Active Living C. Adventure D. Play E. Physical Fitness
C. adventure
Steps of warmup in a lesson plan
Cardio (progressive) and dynamic stretching Movement patterns required for activity Drills related to skills
What are the Canadian Physical Activity guidelines for children aged 5-11?
Children aged 5-11 should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous intensity physical activity daily ~ including vigorous activities 3 days per week and activities that strengthen muscle and bone at least 3 days per week
Childhood motivation and how can we help to build intrinsic motivation in the early years?
Children are born intrinsically motivated • Play or activity is freely chosen and sustained for as long as the child wishes • Positive experiences • Risky play • Confidence and competence • FUN
what is essential to early childhood development and what are the benefits?
Developing physical literacy • Social benefits • Cognitive benefits • Emotional benefits
The concept that humans are attracted to nature, and it is part of our DNA and genotype, an idea proposed by __________________ in 1984 and is called ___________________
Edward Wilson and is called The Biophilia Hypothesis
Benefits of physical activities for older people (socially)?
Energize lives Introduce a range of activities, variety Social context Enrich lives Extending horizons Build Confidence Sense of success Social networks
Movement exploration
Exploring body in space • Rhythmic activities • Dance, gymnastics • Testing limits • Other FMS Skills • Twisting, turning, bending , stretching, falling, etc.
Fauja Singh
Fauja Singh - Indian-born British citizen retired at 101 At 100 he completed the Toronto marathon in just over 8 hours and 11 minutes Marathon time of 5 hours 40 minutes at the age of 92
Physical Literacy is the ___________ to Physical Activity...
GATEWAY
Steps of play acquisition in a lesson plan
Importance of Play/Fun Age and skill appropriate Progressive Drills: start fundamental and add components Types of Drills Teaching Games for Understanding
What are the 5 core principles of physical literacy?
Inclusive and accessible to all Unique journey, individual Range of experiences, different environments and contexts Needs to be valued and nurtured throughout life Contributes to development of whole person
benefits of outdoor walking vs indoor walking
Increased self-esteem Mood changes Decreased anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension Increased vigour
What should an effective lesson plan include and what is the purpose of a lesson plan?
Introduction (Setting the Stage) Warm-up Review Skill Acquisition (IDEAS) Culminating Activity - Drills or Games (Application) Closure/Debrief Ensures each training/lesson has a clear goal
Why don't seniors do more exercise?
Less muscle mass, strength, bone density, flexibility Difficult to rise from a chair unaided "INACTIVITY IMPAIRMENT" FALLS!
Name the levels of risk
Level of Risk : Soft Adventure (low risk) Extreme (Peak/Frontier) Adventure (Colin Mortlock) Misadventure (accidents/incidents)
Why physical literacy?
Lifelong journey of active participation Holistic Monism (whole body) vs. Dualism (mind AND body) Intrinsic motivation and value of physical activity for ALL - across the lifespan No longer justify physical activity as a means to other ends Refutes that physical activity is only of recreational value Embodiment (innate)
What are 8 concepts of Gardner's multiple intelligence model?
Linguistic: words Logical: numbers and math Musical: music, tone and rhythm Visual: art and design Interpersonal: communicating with others Intrapersonal: self-reflection Naturalistic: appreciating the world and nature Bodily: action, movement and sports
is aging a disease?
NO
Definitions of Older Population
No universal definition/age categories Older Adults: 55+ Seniors: 65+ Elderly: implies feeble or dependent
Why are older people not exercising?
Not a priority Not knowing what the guidelines are (confusion, not very specific for age) Attitudes - 62% not motivated to exercise "if life depended on it"
Describe part 1: Nature Neurons of Richard Louv's book The Nature Principle
Not just five senses but 10-30 senses, developed in nature Increased capacity to learn Fully engage in life More high tech we become, the more nature we need Natural Environments - stimulate our ability to pay attention, think clearly and be creative
steps of the introduction: Setting the Stage (lesson plan)
Overview: Building on last lesson's skills, must know what students have already learned Purpose of activity Skill overview and goal/objectives Equipment or other resources used during activity Safety parameters
Name some importances of physical activity for health and wellness
Physical - Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, osteoarthritis, heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis... Intellectual - cognition, grades (SPARK), Dementia, Alzheimer's... Emotional - depression, anxiety, stress... Social - friends, family, community... Spiritual - peace, connection, purpose, happiness, complete person
What are the dimensions of heath and wellness?
Physical - healing, health, immune system, more efficient movement, absence of tension, relaxation response, heart health, obesity, ... Emotional - better control of emotions, less anxiety, less depression, more able to cope with stress Social - feel more connected, less irritable, better able to listen Intellectual - better memory, better able to focus Environmental - more energy for environmental actions like recycling, taking transit, turning off lights, etc Spiritual - more connected to self and universe, greater sense of purpose, better perspective on meaning of life
What are some teaching tips?
Planned purpose Provide direction without dictatorship Clear structure but allow freedom Communication - simple, loud, command attention, encouraging Enthusiasm/Passion Have a lesson plan but be flexible, listen and be responsive Focus on process of learning not just product Care about students and have fun! Be positive Consider the learner - age, past experience, learning styles, etc.
What are the 3 E's of purposeful activity?
Purposeful Activity : Engagement Enrichment Embodiment
steps of review in a lesson plan
Review previous skills learned Link to next activity or skill
The author of the "Last Child in the Woods" and "The Nature Principle" is_________________________; He coined the term "_______________"
Richard Louv; Nature deficit disorder
Steps of Planning and Designing Games/Drills in a lesson plan
Safety - anticipate the worst thing that can happen (hazards plus self esteem) Maximum participation (no elimination games) Lots of opportunity to play and practice Fair play
What are the 3 fundamental movement skill categories?
Stability, locomotion and object manipulation
What are the benefits of physical activity?
Stronger heart, bones, muscles Increased energy Stress reduction Reduced risk of diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis, stroke Maintain healthy body weight Social interaction Lower burden on health care Improved focus and learning Increased self-confidence FUN and personal challenge Mental Health - less depression Sleep better
What are the 4's?
Sweat - 60 minutes per day of MVPA Step - Several hours of light physical activity Sleep - 9-11 hours aged 5-13 and 8-10 for aged 14-17 Sit - No more that 2 hours of recreational screen time, limited sitting for extended periods
What are some easy ways to stay active?
Take the HARD way Take the stairs Park further away Walk 'n Talk - Walking Meetings or Coffee Dates Schedule time for YOU - personal health time Active Transportation Get Involved - join a team, learn something new Take advantage of being on campus - FREE classes
What are 3 things that older people reported wanting to do more of?
Talk with someone regularly Get out more Do something
What are the critical hours and what are the stats that go along with this?
The Critical Hours (after school time period) between 3-6pm - Canadian children are getting on average 14 minutes of MVPA out of a possible 180 minutes during this time
Physical proficiency
The ability to select and proficiently execute movement vocabulary suitable to an environment or setting
Project Wild Thing
Trying to sell Nature Swap screen time for wild time
What are some types of movement exploration for infancy?
Tummy time • Reaching • Grasping • Rolling over • Sitting • Standing • Cruising
Aventure
Uncertain outcome Element of Risk (inherent risks) Energetic action (activity and skill) Inescapable consequences Willing participation (Challenge by Choice)
Name examples of object manipulation exercises?
Underhand throw Overhand throw Kicking Striking Punting Volleying Catching Trapping
Name examples of locomotion exercises?
Walking Running Jumping (vertical & horizontal) Hopping Galloping Sliding Striding Gliding Skipping Leaping Chasing Fleeing Climbing Cycling Skating Swimming Skiing
What are the Canadian Physical Activity guidelines for older adults aged 65 and older?
adults aged 65 years and older should accumulate at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per week to help achieve health benefits AND IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES ~ should perform physical activities that enhance balance and PREVENT FALLS - beneficial to add muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 2 days per week
What is one of the most significant societal courses shaping our society over the next 20 - 30 years
aging
What are 5 environments of physical literacy?
ground/indoor outside snow/ice space water
Too little sleep can cause?
hyperactivity, impulsiveness and a short attention span.
Functional threshold
increasing risk of functional loss
Is life expectancy expected to increase or decrease due to this epidemic of inactivity?
it is suppose to decrease - see graph
What age of people are most sedentary?
people over 50
What is the most important factor seen in independent living?
physical activity
70% of children aged 3-4 meet the recommendations of 180 minutes of daily activity however as guidelines change to 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity for 5-17 year olds only 9% meeting guidelines. What is the reason for this?
school primarily
What might influence active adulthood?
we must consider components of fitness and motor skills: Muscular Strength & Endurance Cardiovascular Endurance Flexibility Balance Coordination Agility
what are the 4 main learning styles?
~Visual "See what I mean" ~Auditory "That sounds good" ~Reading/Writing "Read or write about it" ~Kinesthetic "How do you feel?"
What FMS must a child master befogging moving on to other FMS skills?
• Children must master certain stability skills before they can progress onto locomotor skills (Stopping involves stability) • Manipulative skills are generally the last to emerge
Risky play
• Essential for healthy brain development • Age appropriate • Assess and manage risk • Determined by the child • Bumps and bruises expected
What does developing physical literacy look like in the early years?
• Exposure • Introduction of FMS • Exploration • Play ~ Free and unstructured (mainly)
What are some types of movement exploration for toddlers and preschoolers?
• Walking • Running • Kicking • Throwing • Catching • Jumping • Leaping • Striking
