L10 Study Guide Questions

The _____ file contains information regarding the default primary group, the location of home directories, the default number of days to disable accounts with expired passwords, the date to disable user accounts, the shell used and skeleton directory used.

/etc/default/useradd

The _____ file lists all of the groups and their members. It allows the users to belong to multiple groups.

/etc/group

The _____ file contains parameters that set the default location for: e-mail, password expiration information, minimum password length and the range of UIDs and GIDs available for use. It also determines whether home directories will be automatically made during user creation as well as the password hash algorithm used to store passwords within /etc/shadow.

/etc/login.defs

Most new user information such as UID, shell, and home directory locations, are taken from two files that contain user account creation default values. These two files are _____

/etc/login.defs & /etc/default/useradd.

The _____ file is used by the logrotate utility. It specifies the rotation parameters for log files and whether the log files are compressed after rotation.

/etc/logrotate.conf

The ____ file contains the user account information.

/etc/passwd

The _____ file contains the encrypted password and expiration information.

/etc/shadow

Log files are typically stored in the _____ directory.

/var/log

_____ is used to verify a user's identity. It is usually done by comparing the username and password to a system database.

Authentication

There are several encryption services. State the two most popular authentication protocols.

CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) Kerberos

Today, the most common printing system used on Linux computers is the _____.

CUPS

Windows Server has two options to make user account inactive. State and briefly explain them.

Disable it - temporarily turning account off; retains all assigned rights and may be restored Delete it - removes account completely

9. UIDs and GIDs are unique to the system and once used can never be reused. True or False?

False

The _____ is the printing system used on older Linux systems.

Line Printer Daemon (LPD)

_____ an account makes an account temporarily unusable and alters the password information in the /etc/shadow file.

Locking

Passwords can be set at many levels. State them.

Passwords on the PC can be BIOS setup passwords, operating system passwords, and passwords on files, folders and applications.

A set of information that is sent to a printer at the same time is called a _____.

Print Job

11. You can lock a user account by changing the default login shell to an invalid shell in /etc/passwd. True or False?

True

18. Along with a listing of user accounts, the /etc/passwd file also contains information on account expiry. True or False?

True

2. You can clear a log file simply by redirecting nothing in to it. True or False?

True

T/F. A good password is a mixture of letters, numbers, and symbols and has no logical meaning.

True

T/F. All user accounts must have the password set before they can log in to the computer system.

True

T/F. Do not remove log files because the permissions and ownership will be removed also.

True

T/F. Each user ID can be assigned certain rights and permissions that apply to only that ID. The network administrator defines user permissions (read, write and execute).

True

T/F. Each user can set his/her own default printer by adding the line default printername to the .lpoptions file in his/her home directory.

True

T/F. Graphical utilities exist to create, modify, and delete user and group accounts.

True

T/F. If a request is rejected, cupsd gives an error message stating that the printer is not accepting print jobs.

True

T/F. If the printer is disabled, the print job stays in the print queue.

True

T/F. If the printer is enabled and ready to accept the print job, the cups daemon then sends the print job from the print queue to the printer and removes the copy of the print job in the print queue.

True

T/F. Log files can take up unnecessary space and the contents should be cleared occasionally.

True

T/F. Many people do not keep their passwords secret. People write down their passwords.

True

T/F. Many programs store the log files in subdirectories of the /var/log directory.

True

T/F. Passwords are encrypted at the entry point and decrypted just before they are validated.

True

T/F. Print jobs can consist of a file, several files or the output of a command.

True

T/F. The -u option with the cancel command can remove all the jobs sent by a specified user.

True

T/F. The Printer Configuration tool is used to edit these files.

True

T/F. The administrator can restrict logon hours by time, day or both. This procedure prevents intruder break-in after working hours.

True

T/F. The administrator can set restrictions about when an old password may be reused.

True

T/F. The administrator needs to determine what happens when a user is logged in and the authorized time expires. The administrator can disconnect the user or just prevent connection to new resources.

True

T/F. The administrator should limit the number of times a user may enter the wrong password before an account is locked. Longer passwords are better.

True

T/F. The file that contains settings for cupsd is /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.

True

T/F. The file that contains the configuration information for each printer installed on the system is /etc/cups/printers.conf.

True

T/F. The format of any line in the system log file is

True

T/F. The log files can be cleared by using the > redirection symbol.

True

T/F. The lpstat command with -t (total) option lists all printers and their status.

True

T/F. The print queue for a printer is typically /var/spool/cups.

True

T/F. The printer can accept or reject a request to print.

True

T/F. The root user can change any user's password.

True

T/F. The root user is usually listed at the top of /etc/passwd file.

True

T/F. The system administrator should force the users to change passwords for security.

True

T/F. The user is said to be authenticated on the server and the identity is verified. The user is now allowed to access the resources that he/she has the proper permission to access.

True

T/F. The user should print a copy of the log files for his/her records.

True

T/F. To apply standard printer properties to several printers on your system, you need to create a printer class.

True

T/F. Users should be able to access resources they are allowed to access and not access resources they do not have permission to access. Network operating systems have user management utilities to accomplish this task.

True

T/F. When a user account is deleted, any files that were previously owned by the user become owned by a number that represents the UID of the deleted user. Any future user account that is given the same UID then becomes the owner of those files.

True

T/F. You can also use the -r option with the cupsdisable and cupsreject commands to specify a reason for the action.

True

T/F. You can manipulate the status of a printer using either the cupsaccept, cupsreject, cupsenable, and cupsdisable commands followed by the printer name.

True

4. What is the name used to describe a user providing a user name and password to log in to a system? a. validation b. authorization c. login d. authentication

b. authorization

16. What is the background process responsible for printing on Fedora Linux? a. lp b. cupsd c. lpd d. lpstat

b. cupsd

3. When a printer is disabled, ________. a. the print queue does not accept jobs and sends a message to the user noting that the printer is unavailable b. the print queue does accept jobs into the print queue and holds them there until the printer is enabled again c. the printer appears as off-line when a lp request is sent d. the print queue redirects all print jobs sent to it to /dev/null

b. the print queue does accept jobs into the print queue and holds them there until the printer is enabled again

15. Which file contains default information such as UID and GID ranges and minimum password length to be used at user creation? a. /etc/skel b. /etc/passwd c. /etc/login.defs d. /etc/default/useradd

c. /etc/login.defs

14. Most log files on the system are found in which directory? a. /etc/logfiles b. /etc/log c. /var/log d. /dev/log

c. /var/log

10. What is the name of the utility used to rotate log files? a. syslog b. jetpack c. logrotate d. logbackup

c. logrotate

20. Which command is used to delete a user account? a. usermod -d username b. del username c. userdel username d. rm username

c. userdel username

5. Which command can you use to lock a user account? a. lock username b. secure username c. usermod -L username d. useradd -L username

c. usermod -L username

17. Which command would you use to unlock a user account? a. unlock username b. open username c. usermod -U username d. useradd -U username

c. usermod -U username

Most daemons record system information and error messages to files stored on the filesystem. These files are referred to as _____.

log files

The _____ command backs up and clears the log files.

logrotate

The _____ command accepts information from standard input. Thus, you can place this command at the end of the pipe to print information.

lp

The _____ command can list print jobs in the queue for a printer.

lp

The _____ command is used to send a print job to a printer.

lp

The _____ command is used to print filename to a specified printer. If the -d option is omitted, it prints to the default printer.

lp -d printername filename

The _____ command is used to set the default printer and this information is stored in the /etc/cups/lpoptions file.

lpoptions -d printername

Each line of the /etc/group file has the following colon-delimited format:

name:password:GID:members

Each line of the /etc/passwd file has the following colon-delimited format:

name:password:UID:GID:GECOS:homedirectory:shell

The _____ command temporarily changes the user's primary group.

newgrp

The cups daemon also places a copy of the print job into a temporary directory on the filesystem called the _____. This directory holds the print jobs that are waiting to be printed.

print queue

Sending print jobs from a print queue to a printer is called _____.

printing

In /etc/password, the following two lines are of interest.

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash user1:x:500:500:sample user one:/home/user1:/bin/bash

The _____ contains files that are copied to all new users' home directories when a home directory is created. It is usually /etc/skel directory and contains mostly environment files.

skeleton directory

The _____ command is used to add new user accounts.

useradd

The _____command removes user accounts.

userdel

The _____ command modifies the user account information.

usermod

8. What is the name of the file that contains a listing of all users on the system and their home directories? a. /etc/passwd b. /etc/users c. /etc/shadow d. /etc/password

a. /etc/passwd

19. You use lpstat and determine that a user named User1 has placed two large print jobs in the queue for Printer1 that have yet to start printing. They have print job IDs of Printer1-17 and Printer1-21, respectively. Which command would you use to remove these two jobs from the print queue? a. cancel Printer1-17 Printer1-21 b. cancel -u Printer1-17 Printer1-21 c. cancel -a Printer1-17 Printer1-21 d. cancel 17 21

a. cancel Printer1-17 Printer1-21

7. Which command can be used to send a print job to the default printer named Printer1? (Choose all that apply.) a. lp -d Printer1 file b. lp Printer1 file c. lp file d. lp -m Printer1 file

a. lp -d Printer1 file, c. lp file

12. When a printer is rejecting requests,____________. a. the print queue does not accept jobs and sends a message to the user noting that the printer is unavailable b. the print queue does accept jobs into the print queue and holds them there until the printer is accepting requests again c. the printer appears as off-line when a lp request is sent d. the print queue redirects all print jobs sent to it to /dev/null

a. the print queue does not accept jobs and sends a message to the user noting that the printer is unavailable

The _____ command modifies the password expiration information.

change

The _____ command changes a valid shell to an invalid shell.

chsh

The _____ assigns the print job a unique print job ID.

cups daemon

13. When referring to the /etc/rsyslog.conf file, __________ specifies information from a certain area of the system, whereas ________ is the level of importance of that information. a. section, priority b. service, precedents c. process, degree d. facility, priority

d. facility, priority

6. Which command can be used to alter the primary group associated with a given user temporarily? a. usermod b. chggrp c. gpasswd d. newgrp

d. newgrp

1. The process of sending print jobs from the print queue to the printer is called? a. spooling b. queuing c. redirecting d. printing

d. printing

The _____ command sets a user's password. If no arguments are included, it sets the current user's password.

etc/passwd

The _____ command adds a group to the system.

groupadd

The _____command removes a group from the system.

groupdel

The _____ command lists the GIDs of groups that a user belongs to.

id