Lab Chapter 14

How many lobes does a fetal pig have.

4 Lobes

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

Carry blood to the placenta, and returns deoxygenated blood.

Gall Bladder

Most of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in this organ. The gallbladder stores bile, a combination of fluids, fat, and cholesterol. Bile helps break down fat from food in your intestine. The gallbladder delivers bile into the small intestine.

Small Intestines

Most of the chemical digestions and absorption of nutrients occurs in this organ. The primary function of the small intestine is to continue the process of digestion that began in the mouth and the stomach. The small intestine absorbs water and nutrients, and it prepares the food for the next step in digestion, the large intestine.

Distinguish between the functions of the small intestines and the large intestines.

Small intestine absorbs most nutrients from what we eat and drink. Large intestines absorbs water and removes waste from the body.

What is epiglottis? Explain it's function

The epiglottis is a flap made of elastic cartilage covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. It stands open during breathing, allowing air into the larynx.

Thyroid Gland

This gland controls the metabolic rate of cells and in turn influences growth and development. The thyroid gland is a crucial hormonal gland that plays an important role in growth and development, metabolism and regulating several functions of the human body such as temperature and calcium balance. It constantly secretes, stores and releases multiple hormones, collectively referred to as thyroid hormones.

Thymus Gland

This gland is important in the body's immunity. The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell. T cells defend the body from potentially deadly pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Diaphragm

This muscular dome shaped structure separates the thorax from the abdomen. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that stretches like a dome over the organs of the upper abdomen and serves as a boundary between the abdominal cavity and the thoracic. It separates the lungs from the main body cavity and, together with the ribs, forms a seal that allows the lungs to inflate as part of the process of respiration.

Spleen

This organ destroys old and dead red blood cells. The spleen plays multiple supporting roles in the body. It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.

Liver

This organ produces bile and also converts excess glucose to glycogen. The liver's main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The liver also detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines. The liver also makes proteins important for blood clotting and other functions.

Pancreas

This organ produces many digestive juices and hormones, such as insulin. The pancreas is, a vital part of the digestive system and a critical controller of blood sugar levels.

Heart

This organ pumps blood throughout the body. The main biological function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. The heart is a muscular organ that's divided into four chambers. The flow of blood through these chambers is controlled by valves.

Large Intestines

This organ takes waste out of the body. The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and remove solid waste from the body. The organ takes approximately 16 hours to complete the digestion of food. This organ is the last part of the digestive system and stretches from the ileocecal valve to the anus.

Are mammary papillae found in both males and female pigs? Explain their functions.

Yes, they are in both male and females. They are used for breast feeding for females.