Lab Exam 1
To build a protein, what building block would you use?
Amino Acid
What is the difference between pili (sing pilus) and flagella (sing flagellum)?
The purpose of sing flagellum is motility and sing pilus allow the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another
What are the small structures that protrude from the sides of the cell in this diagram (not flagella)? What is their function?
These hollow, hairlike structures made of protein allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another.
What do lysosomes do?
They contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. In white blood cells that eat bacteria, lysosome contents are carefully released into the vacuole around the bacteria and serve to kill and digest those bacteria
5. 1.8% of body weight primary component of skeletal system. → Calcium
True
goes through all the steps of the experiment and does contain the substance being tested → positive control
True
C. 1. Glucose (blood) 2. Fructose (fruit) 3. Galactose (milk) 4. Deoxyribose (DNA) 5. Ribose (RNA)
Type of Monosaccharides
What is the purple structure in the center of the cell? What is its function?
Vacuole, storing nutrients and waste products, helping increase cell size during growth, and even acting much like lysosomes of animal cells, also regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
Why in many of these tests is water used instead of a sample substance?
Water is use as the negative control in these tests.
Condenser
a lens system located immediately below the stage. The condenser focuses or concentrates the light from the illuminator onto the specimen
Diaphragm
a unit housed within the condenser that regulates the amount of light entering through the opening in the stage, thus regulating the amount of light passing through the specimen
Baker's Yeast
2 Micrometers
E.coli
2 Micrometers
Dust mite
2 Millimeters
Lymphocyte
20 Micrometers
Rhinovirus
20 Nanometers
How many inches are in a meter?
39.37
Convert 500 mL to liters.
0.5 L
Each mililiter of water weighs
1 gram
How many milimeters are in a centimeter?
10
How many mm are in a centimeter?
10
If an object is 100 mm in length, how many cm is it?
10
How many centimeters are in a meter?
100
How many cm are in a meter?
100
How many nm are in a micrometer?
1000
The prefix milli- means a thousand. How many millimeters are in a meter?
1000
Convert 1.1 mm to μm.
1100
Carbon containing molecules. Held together by covalent bonds. Associated with living things. → Nitrogen
False
Type of mostly in extracellular fluid. → Calcium
False
causes a fat to disperse in water → lipids
False
Control knob used for fine focusing
Fine Focus Knob
Convert 5g to mg.
5000
If you were to fill a graduated cylinder to 250 mL, then drop an object in that raises the water level to 300 mL, what is the volume of the object, in cubic centimeters?
50cm^3
Convert 1.5 cm to μm.
15,000
How many grams does 73ml of pure water weigh
73 grams
What is the role of a vacuole in a plant cell? What color is it in this diagram?
A vacuole is a membrane bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products. Light Blue.
Protein test
Biuret test
The volume of the liquid should be read at the graduation closets to the
Bottom of the meniscus
What is the structure with the red color curve? Do plants have this structure? Do bacteria?
Cell Envelope, Plants do not have this structure, only bacteria. The peptidoglycan cell wall is in the periplasmic space between the plasma and outer membranes. The outer membrane prevents crystal violet from penetrating into a Gram-negative cell wall so these organisms stain red with the safranin counterstain
Why are chloroplasts green?
Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells. These organelles contain the plant cells chlorophyll responsible for the plants green color and ability to absorb energy from sunlight
As magnification increases, the diameter of field
Decreases
The light intensity increases as the power of the objective
Decreases
.2% of body weight. Present in skin and facilitates water absorption of the cells → Lipids
False
4. Enzymes → Calcium
False
Would volume be measured with a meter stick, a graduated cylinder, or a balance scale?
Graduated cylinder
0002% of body weight. Found in certain hormones in thyroid gland
Iodine
0.007% of body weight. Found mostly in the blood since it facilitates transportation of oxygen
Iron
Would kg, ml, or cm signify a measurement of weight?
Kg would signify
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen with no ratio
Lipid
The basic unit of volume in the metric system is the
Liter
Sub Units
Make the base unit smaller
Metric Staircase
Mega, kilo, hecto, deca, Unit, Deci, Centi, Mili, Micro
Would you measure the height of the ceiling to be in meters, millimeters or cubic centimeters?
Meters
Metric units of length
Meters, Centimeters, Milimeters, Micrometer, Nanometer
What does the abbreviation μm stand for?
Micrometers
The most common derived unit used for small amounts of liquids is the
Mililiter
What is the smallest unit of measurement shown on a meter stick?
Millimeters
F to C
Minus 32, then multiply by 5, then divide by 9
What are cell walls made of in plants and what is their function?
Plant cells have a rigid, protective cell wall made up of polysaccharides. The cell wall provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier
What molecules studied in this lab are present in cells?
Protein, Sugar, and Fat
Complex of organic and inorganic substances and water
Protoplasm
Iodine Test
Starch
Fat test
Sudan IV test
Benedict's test
Sugar
Used to carry the microscope
arm
Super Units
contain Greek prefixes to show multiples of the base unit, so they make the base unit larger.
basic unit of temperature
degrees Celsius
The depth of field decreases as magnification
increases
Parfocal
is the ability to switch between objectives and have only minor adjustments required to maintain the focus of the specimen.
Field of view
is the circular lighted area you see when you look through the eyepiece of the microscope.
Depth of field
is the vertical extent to which one can view a specimen with greatest resolution.
C to F
multiply by 9, divide by 5, add 32
Holds objectives
nosepiece
Lenses attached to the nose piece
objective lens
Lens you look through
ocular
If a metric measurement is less than one
precede the decimal with a ZERO
The shortest objective
scanning objective
Decimals
to express metric units