Lab Exam 1

To build a protein, what building block would you use?

Amino Acid

What is the difference between pili (sing pilus) and flagella (sing flagellum)?

The purpose of sing flagellum is motility and sing pilus allow the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another

What are the small structures that protrude from the sides of the cell in this diagram (not flagella)? What is their function?

These hollow, hairlike structures made of protein allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another.

What do lysosomes do?

They contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. In white blood cells that eat bacteria, lysosome contents are carefully released into the vacuole around the bacteria and serve to kill and digest those bacteria

5. 1.8% of body weight primary component of skeletal system. → Calcium

True

goes through all the steps of the experiment and does contain the substance being tested → positive control

True

C. 1. Glucose (blood) 2. Fructose (fruit) 3. Galactose (milk) 4. Deoxyribose (DNA) 5. Ribose (RNA)

Type of Monosaccharides

What is the purple structure in the center of the cell? What is its function?

Vacuole, storing nutrients and waste products, helping increase cell size during growth, and even acting much like lysosomes of animal cells, also regulates turgor pressure in the cell.

Why in many of these tests is water used instead of a sample substance?

Water is use as the negative control in these tests.

Condenser

a lens system located immediately below the stage. The condenser focuses or concentrates the light from the illuminator onto the specimen

Diaphragm

a unit housed within the condenser that regulates the amount of light entering through the opening in the stage, thus regulating the amount of light passing through the specimen

Baker's Yeast

2 Micrometers

E.coli

2 Micrometers

Dust mite

2 Millimeters

Lymphocyte

20 Micrometers

Rhinovirus

20 Nanometers

How many inches are in a meter?

39.37

Convert 500 mL to liters.

0.5 L

Each mililiter of water weighs

1 gram

How many milimeters are in a centimeter?

10

How many mm are in a centimeter?

10

If an object is 100 mm in length, how many cm is it?

10

How many centimeters are in a meter?

100

How many cm are in a meter?

100

How many nm are in a micrometer?

1000

The prefix milli- means a thousand. How many millimeters are in a meter?

1000

Convert 1.1 mm to μm.

1100

Carbon containing molecules. Held together by covalent bonds. Associated with living things. → Nitrogen

False

Type of mostly in extracellular fluid. → Calcium

False

causes a fat to disperse in water → lipids

False

Control knob used for fine focusing

Fine Focus Knob

Convert 5g to mg.

5000

If you were to fill a graduated cylinder to 250 mL, then drop an object in that raises the water level to 300 mL, what is the volume of the object, in cubic centimeters?

50cm^3

Convert 1.5 cm to μm.

15,000

How many grams does 73ml of pure water weigh

73 grams

What is the role of a vacuole in a plant cell? What color is it in this diagram?

A vacuole is a membrane bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products. Light Blue.

Protein test

Biuret test

The volume of the liquid should be read at the graduation closets to the

Bottom of the meniscus

What is the structure with the red color curve? Do plants have this structure? Do bacteria?

Cell Envelope, Plants do not have this structure, only bacteria. The peptidoglycan cell wall is in the periplasmic space between the plasma and outer membranes. The outer membrane prevents crystal violet from penetrating into a Gram-negative cell wall so these organisms stain red with the safranin counterstain

Why are chloroplasts green?

Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells. These organelles contain the plant cells chlorophyll responsible for the plants green color and ability to absorb energy from sunlight

As magnification increases, the diameter of field

Decreases

The light intensity increases as the power of the objective

Decreases

.2% of body weight. Present in skin and facilitates water absorption of the cells → Lipids

False

4. Enzymes → Calcium

False

Would volume be measured with a meter stick, a graduated cylinder, or a balance scale?

Graduated cylinder

0002% of body weight. Found in certain hormones in thyroid gland

Iodine

0.007% of body weight. Found mostly in the blood since it facilitates transportation of oxygen

Iron

Would kg, ml, or cm signify a measurement of weight?

Kg would signify

Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen with no ratio

Lipid

The basic unit of volume in the metric system is the

Liter

Sub Units

Make the base unit smaller

Metric Staircase

Mega, kilo, hecto, deca, Unit, Deci, Centi, Mili, Micro

Would you measure the height of the ceiling to be in meters, millimeters or cubic centimeters?

Meters

Metric units of length

Meters, Centimeters, Milimeters, Micrometer, Nanometer

What does the abbreviation μm stand for?

Micrometers

The most common derived unit used for small amounts of liquids is the

Mililiter

What is the smallest unit of measurement shown on a meter stick?

Millimeters

F to C

Minus 32, then multiply by 5, then divide by 9

What are cell walls made of in plants and what is their function?

Plant cells have a rigid, protective cell wall made up of polysaccharides. The cell wall provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier

What molecules studied in this lab are present in cells?

Protein, Sugar, and Fat

Complex of organic and inorganic substances and water

Protoplasm

Iodine Test

Starch

Fat test

Sudan IV test

Benedict's test

Sugar

Used to carry the microscope

arm

Super Units

contain Greek prefixes to show multiples of the base unit, so they make the base unit larger.

basic unit of temperature

degrees Celsius

The depth of field decreases as magnification

increases

Parfocal

is the ability to switch between objectives and have only minor adjustments required to maintain the focus of the specimen.

Field of view

is the circular lighted area you see when you look through the eyepiece of the microscope.

Depth of field

is the vertical extent to which one can view a specimen with greatest resolution.

C to F

multiply by 9, divide by 5, add 32

Holds objectives

nosepiece

Lenses attached to the nose piece

objective lens

Lens you look through

ocular

If a metric measurement is less than one

precede the decimal with a ZERO

The shortest objective

scanning objective

Decimals

to express metric units