Last Poccia Review Test (Jan 2017 - Jun 2015)

Thomas Jefferson incorporated John Locke's idea of the social contract theory in the Declaration of Independence because this idea (1) justified the overthrow of a government that denied individual liberties (2) considered economic rights more important than inalienable rights (3) supported the divine right of kings (4) called for a gradual change of government

1

Which economic issue is the cartoonist addressing? (1) globalization (2) high tariffs (3) transportation costs (4) quality of American cars

1

Which section of the country gained the most population in the years shown on the graph? (1) South (2) Midwest (3) Northeast (4) West

1

Which title best completes the partial outline below? I. ___________________________________ A. Virginia House of Burgesses B. Mayflower Compact C. New England town meetings (1) Developments in Colonial Self-Government (2) Colonial Efforts to Abandon British Rule (3) Attempts by Colonial Leaders to Form a National Government (4) Colonial Organizations Established by the British Parliament

1

The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States (1919) supported the position that during a national emergency (1) internal migration may be restricted (2) civil liberties of United States citizens may be limited (3) Congress may take control of the economy (4) minority groups may be segregated from the general population

2

The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935 helped organized labor by (1) mandating government control over industry (2) guaranteeing workers the right to collective bargaining (3) banning the closed shop in the workplace (4) requiring all workers to join unions

2

The announcement of the Truman Doctrine, the Berlin airlift, and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were actions taken by the United States to prevent the (1) renewal of Nazi fascism in Germany, Italy, and Spain (2) expansion of communism into Western Europe (3) starvation of refugees from Eastern Europe (4) start of an arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union

2

The internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was initially authorized by (1) a constitutional amendment (2) an executive order of the president (3) a proclamation by the governor of California (4) a decision of the Supreme Court

2

The low level of immigration between 1930 and 1945 is most directly related to (1) passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act (2) the Great Depression and World War II (3) the Cold War and the civil rights movement (4) improvements in living standards in Europe and Asia

2

What was a major result of the Cuban missile crisis of 1962? (1) Fidel Castro was removed from power. (2) Steps were taken to relax Cold War tensions. (3) United Nations forces invaded Cuba. (4) Trade between Cuba and the United States increased.

2

What was one major impact of industrialization in the United States? (1) the disappearance of social class distinctions (2) a rise in the standard of living (3) an increase in the birth rate (4) the elimination of urban tenements

2

What was the major argument of those who opposed ratification of the United States Constitution? (1) The states should not be forced to pay taxes to the federal government. (2) The new constitution did not adequately protect individual liberties against abuse by the federal government. (3) The judicial branch was granted more power than the legislative and executive branches. (4) The federal government did not have enough power to defend the nation against foreign enemies.

2

"Troops Break Up Bonus Army Protest" "FDR Proclaims Bank Holiday" "Misery Created by Dust Bowl" These headlines concern events that occurred during the (1) Civil War (2) Progressive Era (3) Great Depression (4) Cold War

3

. . ."We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; . . ." —Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 Which document most influenced the authors of this statement? (1) Mayfl ower Compact (2) Albany Plan of Union (3) Declaration of Independence (4) Articles of Confederation

3

A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program was to (1) contain communism in Southeast Asia (2) create a space program (3) reduce poverty in the United States (4) cut domestic programs to balance the budget

3

A major reason for President Thomas Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory was to (1) eliminate Spanish control of California (2) take possession of all of Florida (3) give the United States control of the Mississippi River (4) provide access to areas east of the Appalachian Mountains

3

After the Civil War, which development limited economic opportunities for African Americans in the South? (1) creation of military districts (2) establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau (3) use of the sharecropping system (4) ratification of the 14th amendment

3

During the debate over ratifi cation of the United States Constitution, Antifederalists argued that a bill of rights should be added to (1) preserve the interests of slaveholders (2) list the responsibilities of citizens (3) protect individual liberties (4) ensure federal supremacy

3

During the late 1800s, the use of child labor in United States factories was most opposed by (1) parents (2) nativists (3) labor unions (4) factory owners

3

During the presidency of George Washington, disagreements between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over the interpretation of the Constitution contributed to the (1) impeachment of federal judges (2) defeat of the Whiskey Rebellion (3) formation of political parties (4) elimination of the commerce clause

3

The Supreme Court can infl uence the actions of the other two branches of the federal government by (1) vetoing legislation (2) pardoning criminals (3) exercising judicial review (4) impeaching the president

3

...I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people. Let us all here assembled constitute ourselves prophets of a new order of competence and of courage. This is more than a political campaign; it is a call to arms. Give me your help, not to win votes alone, but to win in this crusade to restore America to its own people. —Franklin D. Roosevelt, Acceptance Speech, Democratic National Convention, 1932 In this statement, Franklin D. Roosevelt promised to (1) build up the military (2) reduce government interference in business (3) end an isolationist foreign policy (4) provide government assistance to combat the Great Depression

4

Based on the map, which region of the United States demonstrated the most support for complete voting rights for women before 1919? (1) New England (2) Midwest (3) South (4) West

4

One way in which President Abraham Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus (1861), the Espionage Act (1917), and the USA Patriot Act (2001) are similar is that these actions (1) enforced international treaties (2) expanded political cooperation (3) encouraged economic development (4) restricted civil liberties during wartime

4

One way in which President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society are similar is that both programs (1) made civil rights for African Americans a major goal (2) drew wide support and few critics (3) helped to end major depressions (4) attempted to improve the lives of the poor and the aged

4

One way in which the Supreme Court decisions in Mapp v. Ohio (1961), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) are similar is that each resulted in (1) more legal searches without warrants (2) fewer gun control regulations (3) additional limitations on religious freedom (4) expanded rights for people accused of crimes

4

One way that the British government carried out the policy of mercantilism was by (1) promoting free trade between its colonies and Europe (2) prohibiting the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans (3) encouraging the development of colonial manufacturing and trade (4) requiring that most colonial trade occur within the British Empire

4

President Franklin D. Roosevelt responded to the circumstances described in this passage by (1) renewing New Deal programs to help big business (2) raising taxes to assure a balanced federal budget (3) stressing free market economic principles (4) increasing New Deal efforts for relief and reform

4

The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 were enacted by Congress to (1) help the United States recover from the Great Depression (2) stop Nazi Germany from conquering Europe (3) aid the Americans who fought in the Spanish Civil War (4) prevent the United States from being drawn into another world war

4

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were created primarily to (1) support environmentalism (2) maintain mutual defense (3) improve public health worldwide (4) promote economic interdependence

4

The Preamble of the Constitution demonstrates that the writers believed that sovereignty belongs to the (1) federal government (2) state governments (3) president (4) people

4

This 1937 cartoon is criticizing President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to (1) reduce the number of federal courts (2) impeach current Supreme Court justices (3) give states the power to appoint Supreme Court justices (4) increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court

4

This cartoon was published in response to the (1) ratification of the 22nd amendment limiting presidential terms (2) influence of third-party candidates in presidential elections (3) decision of the Supreme Court establishing the "one man-one vote" principle (4) dispute over the presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore

4

This photograph taken during World War II shows the (1) deportation of Japanese Americans to Japan (2) arrival of new Japanese immigrants in California (3) migration of Japanese American families to the East Coast (4) relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps

4

What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution on United States agriculture in the late 1800s? (1) a decrease in the size of farms (2) a decrease in tenant farming and sharecropping (3) an increase in agricultural imports (4) an increase in productivity

4

...The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products— principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.... — Secretary of State George Marshall, Remarks at Harvard University Commencement, June 5, 1947 In this excerpt, Secretary of State George Marshall is identifying the need to (1) provide economic assistance to struggling European nations (2) allow European workers to settle in the United States (3) install democratic governments in the nations of Western Europe (4) strengthen European military defenses

1

Few restrictions were placed on immigration to the United States in the late 19th century primarily because immigrants (1) would work for low wages (2) provided a rich source of investment capital (3) would add to the diversity of the population (4) faced little opposition from citizens

1

From 1870 to 1900, business leaders in the United States often attempted to increase productivity, maximize profits, and decrease costs by (1) reducing competition through the formation of trusts (2) increasing benefits for industrial workers (3) supporting the passage of strict antitrust laws (4) preventing foreign investment in the United States

1

In the 1880s and the 1920s, low prices for United States agricultural products were the result of (1) the overproduction of staple crops (2) a shortage of usable farm land (3) competition from cheaper imported goods (4) inflationary monetary policies

1

In the 1920s, the passage of the Quota Acts and the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti illustrate that many Americans were (1) intolerant of ethnic minorities (2) committed to racial integration (3) worried about foreign wars (4) determined to increase immigration

1

In the mid-1930s, which action did the federal government take in an attempt to avoid the situations that drew the United States into World War I? (1) passing the Neutrality Acts (2) allowing only the United States Navy to deliver military goods overseas (3) investing money in nations threatened by Germany (4) forming a military alliance with the Soviet Union

1

In this 2008 cartoon about a tax proposal by President George W. Bush, the cartoonist is implying that China anticipated (Bush administration encouraging people to buy more goods which helped the Chinese government" (1) a more favorable balance of trade with the United States (2) greater difficulty in selling its products in the United States (3) the opening of new markets for Chinese goods in Europe (4) an increase in United States tariffs that could cause a recession in China

1

One criticism of the Warren Court's decisions in Mapp v. Ohio (1961), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) is that the Supreme Court (1) limited police powers while expanding the rights of criminal defendants (2) denied the first amendment rights of antiwar protestors and the press (3) forced the desegregation of public transportation (4) restricted the rights of students in public schools

1

One way in which Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourner Truth are similar is that they all supported the (1) abolitionist movement (2) passage of Black Codes (3) nullification theory of States rights (4) plantation system in the South

1

Opponents of the New Deal criticized President Franklin D. Roosevelt for (1) expanding the role and size of the federal government (2) permitting banks to operate without government regulation (3) weakening the executive branch (4) reducing spending to balance the budget

1

President Harry Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan was based on the belief that the action would (1) save American lives by avoiding an invasion of Japan (2) force Germany and Italy to lay down their arms (3) help create a military alliance with China (4) persuade the Soviet Union to surrender

1

The "dream deferred" in this poem refers to the hopes African Americans had for (1) social and political equality (2) an independent African American nation (3) access to affordable medical treatment (4) separate public accommodations

1

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan in 1907 both illustrate (1) the role of nativism in the development of United States policies (2) imperialist attitudes in foreign affairs (3) restrictive trading policies toward Asian nations (4) the influence of big business on foreign policy

1

The Federal Reserve System was created to (1) control the money supply (2) stimulate trade with other nations (3) regulate the stock market (4) fund public works projects

1

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 significantly changed United States policy toward nations involved in World War II because it (1) supplied war materials to Allied nations without a declaration of war (2) imposed a trade boycott on Germany and Japan (3) authorized the seizure of British assets in the United States (4) approved the appeasement policies of the French and British governments

1

The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) agreements signed in the 1970s by the United States and the Soviet Union were efforts to (1) reduce Cold War tensions (2) establish a worldwide human rights policy (3) increase cooperation in the United Nations (4) negotiate a lasting peace in the Middle East

1

The Three-fifths Compromise adopted in the Constitution in 1787 had the effect of (1) increasing the representation of southern states in Congress (2) providing a method for ratifying amendments (3) making possible the impeachment of the president (4) allowing the use of the elastic clause in the legislative process

1

The case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle that (1) the Supreme Court can declare federal laws unconstitutional (2) the states have power over the federal government (3) the president nominates federal judges (4) Congress can override presidential vetoes

1

The federal government responded to the railroad strikes of 1877 and the Pullman strike of 1894 by (1) using military force against the workers (2) requiring negotiation to resolve the disputes (3) maintaining a neutral position between labor and management (4) providing economic aid to striking workers

1

The importance of Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904) is that the Supreme Court (1) used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up a monopoly (2) ruled child labor laws unconstitutional (3) upheld the right of women to vote (4) established regulations for the New York Stock Exchange

1

The map shows that the Allied forces (Southeast Asia in the 1940's) (1) made slow but steady progress in defeating Japan (2) conducted most of the battles north of the Hawaiian Islands (3) maintained control of the Philippines from the beginning of the war (4) had military support from the Soviet Union throughout the war

1

This 1863 poster is recruiting African Americans to help (1) defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War (2) assist in the efforts of the Underground Railroad (3) settle land in the South and in border states (4) enforce the terms of the Fugitive Slave Act

1

What was one effect of the Three-fifths Compromise? (1) Slave states gained additional congressional representation. (2) The number of justices on the Supreme Court was established. (3) Presidential appointments were assured easy confirmation. (4) A two-house legislature was created.

1

What was one important geographic reason the United States was able to maintain a foreign policy of neutrality throughout most of the 19th century? (1) The Atlantic Ocean provided a buffer from European interference. (2) Extensive mountain ranges along the Pacific coastline prevented invasions. (3) Scarce natural resources discouraged international trade. (4) European immigrants had rapid communication with their homelands.

1

What was the main reason for the emergence of "Hoovervilles" like the one shown in the photograph? (1) Many Americans had lost jobs during the Great Depression. (2) Thousands of homes had been destroyed by the effects of the Dust Bowl. (3) Housing projects could not keep up with the demand for homes needed by the poor. (4) Preparations for World War II had created a shortage of building materials.

1

What was the primary goal of the Dawes Act of 1887 regarding Native American Indians? (1) assimilating Native American Indians into mainstream American life (2) increasing the size of Native American Indian reservations (3) promoting Native American Indian languages and cultures (4) strengthening Native American Indian tribal governments

1

Which United States foreign policy stated that European powers should no longer expect to establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere? (1) Monroe Doctrine (2) Dollar Diplomacy (3) Good Neighbor Policy (4) Alliance for Progress

1

Which action is an example of the use of checks and balances? (1) impeachment of President Bill Clinton (2) choosing a vice presidential running mate by a presidential candidate (3) election of the Speaker of the House by the majority party (4) starting negotiations for a treaty by President George Washington

1

Which development was a result of the Progressive movement? (1) Government increased its regulation of business practices. (2) Women become less active in public life. (3) The influence of the national government was reduced. (4) Congress failed to balance the federal budget.

1

Which factor directly contributed to the post-World War II development of the community shown in the cartoon? (creation of housing projects that looked identical) (1) rise in the birth rate (2) decrease in school construction (3) decline in the availability of home loans (4) increase in the number of women in the labor force

1

Which factor led to agricultural overproduction and falling farm prices during the 1920s? (1) decline in European demand after World War I (2) lower tariffs enacted by Congress (3) lack of access to cheap credit (4) decreasing population in cities of the South

1

Which geographic features had the most significant positive influence on settlement patterns and economic development in the British North American colonies? (1) rivers and harbors (2) mountains and plateaus (3) forests and deserts (4) prairies and lakes

1

Which group benefi ted the most from the United States acquisition of the port of New Orleans? (1) farmers in the Ohio River valley (2) Native American Indians in the Southwest (3) fur trappers in the Hudson River valley (4) gold miners in northern California

1

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. ___________________________________ A. Direct election of senators B. Federal income tax C. National woman's suffrage (1) Progressive Era Constitutional Amendments (2) Steps to Promote Civil Rights (3) Municipal and State Actions (4) Changes During World War I

1

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. ___________________________________ A. Missouri Compromise B. Compromise of 1850 C. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1) Rise of Sectionalism (2) Impact of Industrialization (3) Examples of Religious Revivalism (4) Events Leading to the Mexican War

1

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I.___________________________________ A. National government unable to levy direct taxes B. No single national currency C. Lack of an elected chief executive (1) Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (2) Strengths of the Continental Congress (3) Provisions of the United States Constitution (4) Influence of Treaties with European Governments

1

Which situation related to the Great Recession in 2008 and 2009 is addressed in this cartoon? (1) crisis in home foreclosures (2) growth of federal budget deficits (3) shortage of health care facilities (4) decline in the financial stability of Social Security

1

Which statement about the Vietnam War is an opinion? (1) President Lyndon B. Johnson's escalation of the war was a mistake. (2) United States forces withdrew from Vietnam during the presidency of Gerald Ford. (3) Disagreement over the war divided the American public. (4) The Vietnam War had been the longest military conflict in United States history

1

Which statement accurately describes a result of the 1993 adoption of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? (1) Tariff barriers were reduced between the three largest nations of North America. (2) A single currency was created for the nations of North America. (3) Immigration restrictions between North American nations were eliminated. (4) The United States stopped importing oil from other North American nations.

1

Which statement best expresses the cartoonist's point of view? (1) Citizens sometimes fail to appreciate the tax-funded benefits provided by government. (2) More social benefits programs are needed for older Americans. (3) Older Americans reject tax-supported government assistance. (4) The Tea Party movement lacks public support

1

Which statement most accurately expresses the cartoonist's point of view? (leaving Bush's Vietnam {Iraq} and entering Obama's Vietnam {Afghanistan}) (1) Presidents have failed to learn the right lessons from past experiences in waging war. (2) Victory in Vietnam inspired later presidents to become involved in wars. (3) The Iraq and Afghanistan wars ended in quick victories for the United States. (4) The military tactics used in Vietnam have been effective in Iraq and Afghanistan.

1

"Congress Passes Alien and Sedition Acts" "Lincoln Suspends Writ of Habeas Corpus" "Roosevelt Authorizes Internment of Japanese Americans on West Coast" Which conclusion is best supported by these headlines? (1) Immigrants are a danger to the welfare of the United States. (2) Perceived threats to national security sometimes result in limits on civil liberties. (3) Foreign policy is greatly affected by domestic conflicts. (4) The power of the federal government is weakened by risks to national security.

2

"Hoover and Smith Campaign on Radio" "Kennedy Passes Nixon in Polls After Televised Debate" "Obama Raises Record Donations Using the Internet" Which statement about the use of media in political campaigns is illustrated by these headlines? (1) Media bias does not affect the ability of political leaders to communicate with voters. (2) Political leaders adapt to new forms of media to communicate with voters. (3) Electronic media are an ineffective way for political leaders to communicate with voters. (4) Endorsements by the media have the greatest influence on voters.

2

"Senate Rejects Supreme Court Nominee" "Supreme Court Declares National Recovery Act (NRA) Unconstitutional" "Congress Overrides Truman Veto of Taft-Hartley Act" Each of these headlines illustrates the use of (1) reserved powers (2) checks and balances (3) executive privilege (4) federal supremacy

2

"Somalians Are Still Hungry and at War Despite Efforts of United States Troops" "United States Troops Help Reinstate Haitian President" "United States and NATO Allies Use Air Strikes To Slow Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia" These 1990s headlines illustrate the efforts of the United States to (1) support independence movements (2) act as an international peacekeeper (3) prevent the spread of communism (4) protect United States business investments

2

...2. We propose to limit the amount any one man can earn in one year or inherit to $1 million to the person. 3. Now, by limiting the size of the fortunes and incomes of the big men, we will throw into the government Treasury the money and property from which we will care for the millions of people who have nothing; and with this money we will provide a home and the comforts of home, with such common conveniences as radio and automobile, for every family in America, free of debt.... — Senator Huey Long, 1935 Based on these statements by Senator Long, one reason for the suffering caused by the Great Depression was the (1) failure of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to sign relief legislation (2) overproduction of military equipment (3) uneven distribution of income that favored the rich (4) failure of labor unions to accept shorter work days

3

During the Progressive Era, direct primary elections were adopted to (1) raise additional campaign funds for candidates (2) increase the power of voters in the political process (3) strengthen the role of political machines (4) expand the power of the federal government

2

In 1790, the fi rst census of the United States was taken in order to (1) create immigration quotas (2) determine each state's representation in Congress (3) establish the number of appointed federal judges (4) justify funding for public education

2

In the 1920s, controversies over Prohibition, the National Origins Act, and the Scopes trial all reflected disagreement over the (1) effects of demobilization (2) cultural values of the American people (3) role of the federal government in the economy (4) influence of labor unions on American life

2

In the early 1900s, Progressives succeeded in strengthening federal control over the money supply by (1) passing the Clayton Antitrust Act (2) creating the Federal Reserve System (3) enacting the Underwood Tariff bill (4) establishing the gold standard

2

Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes were enacted by Southern States to (1) limit the movement of African Americans (2) restrict the voting rights of African Americans (3) improve the social status of African Americans (4) expand educational opportunities for African Americans

2

Many American corporations contributed to the problem shown in the cartoon by (my job was outsourced to China. So I borrowed money from the Chinese to afford these Chinese fireworks) (1) demanding that Congress increase export taxes (2) establishing manufacturing facilities overseas (3) paying workers lower wages to encourage them to retire (4) lobbying the federal government to increase the minimum wage

2

Many members of Congress opposed the plan shown in the cartoon because it would (1) reduce the power of the president (2) upset the system of checks and balances (3) destroy the system of federalism (4) cost too much to implement

2

One major result of the Spanish-American War was that the United States (1) formed an alliance with England (2) gained recognition as a world power (3) repealed the Monroe Doctrine (4) decreased the size of its navy

2

One reason President George Washington called for a policy of neutrality in the 1790s was to (1) improve his popularity among Federalist voters (2) avoid United States participation in European wars (3) gain support for the development of a United States navy (4) enforce the Treaty of Alliance with France

2

One result of the War of 1812 was that the United States (1) acquired French-held territory in southern Canada (2) maintained its independence and its territory (3) lost control of the Ohio River valley (4) gained territory from Mexico

2

One way in which the Federal Trade Commission (1914) and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) are similar is that both (1) helped to end child labor in factories (2) attempted to correct abusive business practices (3) advanced laissez-faire economic principles (4) increased wages for factory workers

2

One weakness of the Articles of Confederation was the inability of the central government to (1) establish a postal system (2) collect adequate taxes from the states (3) control western lands (4) admit new states to the Union

2

Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were used in the South after 1890 to (1) support the goals of the Freedmen's Bureau (2) deny suffrage rights to African Americans (3) undermine the "separate but equal" ruling of the Supreme Court (4) enforce the amendments enacted during the Civil War and Reconstruction

2

President Theodore Roosevelt's commitment to the proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far," was most clearly shown when he (1) opposed consumer protection laws (2) intervened in Latin American affairs (3) promoted the conservation of natural resources (4) conducted the Bull Moose campaign of 1912

2

The 1972, 1979, and 1987 missile reduction agreements between the United States and the Soviet Union are examples of the foreign policy of (1) brinksmanship (2) détente (3) appeasement (4) neutrality

2

The Erie Canal played a large role in the settlement of the Midwest because it provided a link between the Atlantic Ocean and the (1) Gulf of Mexico (2) Great Lakes (3) Missouri River (4) Pacific Ocean

2

The Federal Reserve System and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) were both established to (1) fund retirement pensions (2) promote economic stability (3) break up business monopolies (4) create public jobs

2

The Homestead Act (1862) encouraged the settlement of the West because it provided (1) forty acres of land and a mule to formerly enslaved persons (2) land to people who would live on it for at least five years (3) mining claims for prospectors seeking gold and silver (4) land to companies to build transcontinental railroads

2

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 were attempts by the federal government to (1) limit immigration from Europe (2) reduce the conflict over slavery (3) settle border disputes with Mexico (4) control the migration of settlers to new western territories

2

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by Great Britain after the French and Indian War primarily to (1) promote colonial settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains (2) limit conflict between Native American Indians and colonial settlers (3) encourage colonial economic ties with France (4) force French settlers to leave British territory

2

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill) was responsible for (1) building United States military bases in allied countries throughout the world (2) providing education and home loan benefits for soldiers returning from World War II (3) maintaining the size of the active duty military at its pre-World War II level (4) sending the United States economy into a post-World War II recession

2

The main idea of the cartoon is that President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to (1) impeach justices who did not support him (2) control the decisions of the Supreme Court (3) create higher qualifications for justices (4) encourage the Supreme Court to act more efficiently

2

The situation shown in this photograph occurred in which region? (1) Ohio River valley (2) Great Plains (3) Rocky Mountains (4) Northeast

2

The situation shown in this photograph was most directly the result of (1) legislation in California (2) a presidential executive order during World War II (3) a Supreme Court decision (4) a constitutional amendment

2

These photographs of 19th-century life on the Great Plains indicate that (1) Native American Indians and white settlers used the same building materials for protection (2) Native American Indians and white settlers adapted differently to the same environment (3) white settlers learned farming practices from Native American Indians (4) both Native American Indians and white settlers depended on the buffalo for survival

2

This cartoon is portraying a situation that resulted from the (1) public rejection of the New Deal (2) economic downturn of the late 1920s (3) failure of the Civilian Conservation Corps (4) opposition to the Treaty of Versailles

2

What is the most accurate title for this map? (Southeast Asia in the 1940's) (1) American Imperialism in the 20th Century (2) World War II in the Pacific (3) Causes of World War II (4) Creation of Wartime Alliances

2

What was a common goal of the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793), the Embargo Act (1807), and the Monroe Doctrine (1823)? (1) forcing Great Britain to grant independence to Canada (2) avoiding conflicts with European nations (3) providing wartime aid to European nations (4) encouraging independence movements in Latin America

2

What was a major achievement of the presidency of Jimmy Carter? (1) uniting East Germany and West Germany (2) negotiating the peace accord between Egypt and Israel at Camp David (3) ending United States dependence on imported oil (4) rescuing United States hostages in Iran

2

What was a major reason for wartime rationing? (rationing means a fair share for us all) (1) restricting lower-priced food imports (2) ensuring that troops were adequately supplied (3) providing jobs for the unemployed (4) preventing currency deflation

2

What was the major cause of African American migration from the rural South to northern cities during World War I? (1) offers of free public education (2) availability of factory jobs (3) desire to live in integrated neighborhoods (4) opportunity to gain religious freedom

2

What was the primary cause of the trends shown on the graph? (1) closing of the western frontier (2) industrialization in the North and the Midwest (3) passage of the Homestead Act (4) completion of the transcontinental railroad

2

What was the purpose of states adopting initiative, referendum, and recall during the Progressive Era? (1) supporting new political parties (2) increasing the power of voters over the political process (3) reestablishing property qualifications for voting (4) extending voting rights to immigrants

2

Which act of Congress gave President Roosevelt the authority that he demonstrates in this cartoon? (1) Meat Inspection Act (2) Sherman Antitrust Act (3) Underwood Tariff Act (4) Pure Food and Drug Act

2

Which action best illustrates the Cold War policy of containment? (1) participating in the Nuremberg trials (2) creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (3) encouraging scientific cooperation between the Allies (4) recognizing the state of Israel in 1948

2

Which characteristic of American life in the 1950s is illustrated in this cartoon? (creation of housing projects that looked identical) (1) growth of the elderly population (2) effects of suburbanization (3) decreasing use of automobiles (4) declining importance of the media

2

Which proposal was most consistent with the goals of the American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers? (1) government ownership of the transportation and communication industries (2) collective bargaining to reach agreements on wages and hours (3) formation of a third political party to promote union policies (4) organization of unskilled workers into one national union

2

Which provision of the original Constitution allows Congress to enact legislation that adapts to changing circumstances? (1) due process (2) elastic clause (3) electoral college (4) Three-fifths Compromise

2

Which statement about the period from 1918 through 1929 is most clearly supported by information in the graph? (1) The percentage of income controlled by the wealthiest Americans declined. (2) The income gap between the wealthiest fifth and the rest of the population increased. (3) The overall per capita income in the United States declined. (4) The percentage of income controlled by the poor steadily increased.

2

Which title best completes the partial outline below? I. ___________________________________ A. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) B. Voting Rights Act of 1965 C. Fair Housing Act of 1968 (1) Latino Women Gain Equal Pay (2) Civil Rights Movement Achieves Victories (3) Native American Indians Regain Land Rights (4) Persons With Disabilities Win Educational Opportunities

2

"Attorney General Palmer Orders Raids on Reported Communists" "Senator McCarthy Launches Investigation of Accused Traitors in State Department" "Attorney General Ashcroft Authorizes Use of Wiretaps on Suspected Terrorists" These headlines demonstrate the tension between (1) States rights and federal control (2) Democratic and Republican party platforms (3) national security and individual liberties (4) legislative authority and executive power

3

"Greece Receives U.S. Aid to Fight Communists" "U.S. Military Airlifts Supplies to Berlin" "U.S. Troops Sent to Defend South Vietnam" These headlines best illustrate the United States commitment to a policy of (1) détente (2) isolationism (3) containment (4) imperialism

3

"President Carter Negotiates Camp David Accords" "President Reagan Sends Troops to Lebanon" "President Bush Orders Operation Desert Storm" Which United States foreign policy goal is most closely associated with these headlines? (1) imperialism in Latin America (2) globalization of trade (3) stability in the Middle East (4) delivery of humanitarian relief

3

"President Jackson Vetoes Bill Rechartering Bank of United States" "Taney Court Overturns Missouri Compromise" "Senate Approves NATOTreaty" Which concept is best illustrated by these headlines? (1) federalism (2) direct democracy (3) checks and balances (4) westward expansion

3

"...And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man...." — President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961 President Kennedy sought to achieve the goal described in this speech through support for the formation of the (1) Peace Corps (2) World Bank (3) Organization of American States (OAS) (4) South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

1

...Of all the Nations of the world today we are in many ways most singularly blessed. Our closest neighbors are good neighbors. If there are remoter [distant] Nations that wish us not good but ill, they know that we are strong; they know that we can and will defend ourselves and defend our neighborhood. We seek to dominate no other Nation. We ask no territorial expansion. We oppose imperialism. We desire reduction in world armaments.... — President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Address at Chautauqua, NY, August 14, 1936 Which policy is President Franklin D. Roosevelt supporting in this speech? (1) neutrality in foreign relations (2) a growth in military spending (3) an increase in foreign aid (4) formation of military alliances

1

...Small islands not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something very absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet, and as England and America, with respect to each other, reverses the common order of nature, it is evident that they belong to different systems: England to Europe, America to itself.... — Thomas Paine, Common Sense The argument presented in this passage was intended to (1) urge colonists to accept the Albany Plan of Union (2) provide a reason for ratification of the Constitution of the United States (3) convince American colonists to declare their independence (4) persuade France to aid the United States in the Revolutionary War

3

...We have agreed on common policies and plans for enforcing the unconditional surrender terms which we shall impose together on Nazi Germany after German armed resistance has been finally crushed. These terms will not be made known until the final defeat of Germany has been accomplished. Under the agreed plan, the forces of the three powers will each occupy a separate zone of Germany. Coordinated administration and control has been provided for under the plan through a central control commission consisting of the Supreme Commanders of the three powers with headquarters in Berlin. It has been agreed that France should be invited by the three powers, if she should so desire, to take over a zone of occupation, and to participate as a fourth member of the control commission. The limits of the French zone will be agreed by the four Governments concerned through their representatives on the European Advisory Commission. ... — Joint Statement of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Marshal Joseph Stalin at Yalta, February 11, 1945 The plan described in this passage contributed to the (1) complete removal of United States troops from Germany (2) authorization for Germany to join the Axis powers (3) long-term division of Germany into two nations (4) domination of Germany by France

3

After the Civil War, many owners of large plantations in the South responded to the loss of enslaved labor by (1) hiring Irish immigrants to do the work of freedmen (2) selling their plantations to formerly enslaved persons (3) creating tenant farms and sharecropping (4) paying wages to farmworkers who had migrated from the North

3

Article 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, that any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original states, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid. ... — Northwest Ordinance, 1787 In which Supreme Court case did this provision of the Northwest Ordinance play an important part? (1) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (2) Worcester v. Georgia (1832) (3) Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) (4) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

3

Based on this cartoon, one effect of President Richard Nixon's actions on the United States was to (1) prove that the powers of presidents are unlimited (2) decrease the probability of impeachment for future presidents (3) weaken the public's trust in political leaders (4) demonstrate that the Supreme Court could not rule on presidential wrongdoing

3

Brinkmanship, the domino theory, and massive retaliation are elements of United States foreign policy associated with the (1) Revolutionary War (2) Civil War (3) Cold War (4) War on Terror

3

During the 1920s, the Palmer raids, immigration quotas, and the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti resulted from (1) racial prejudice against African Americans (2) opposition to the Ku Klux Klan (3) the fear that American values were threatened by radical ideas (4) the need to strengthen national defense

3

The Homestead Act of 1862 was important to the expansion of the United States because it provided (1) land for agricultural colleges (2) assistance to sharecroppers in the South (3) free land to settlers in the West (4) land grants for construction of transconti- nental railroads

3

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798) held that states could nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts because these laws (1) repealed the Northwest Ordinance (2) placed an unfair tax on whiskey made by western farmers (3) violated the Constitution (4) established limits on universal suffrage

3

The Supreme Court decisions in Marbury v. Madison (1803), McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) are similar in that each resulted in the (1) development of new political parties (2) admission of new slave states (3) strengthening of the power of the federal government (4) expansion of the rights of corporations

3

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953—1969) is considered one of the most liberal in United States history because it (1) worked effectively with lower courts (2) gained the overwhelming support of the American people (3) expanded the civil rights of various groups of people (4) favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution

3

The decision of the Supreme Court in the case of United States v. Nixon (1974) stated that (1) President Richard Nixon as commander in chief could extend the Vietnam War into Cambodia (2) executive branch officials could be fired by the president without the Senate's approval (3) executive privilege did not allow the president to withhold recordings that were related to the Watergate affair (4) congressional approval of the War Powers Act of 1973 violated the separation of powers

3

The framework of government described in the Constitution of the United States (1787) most clearly shows the dissatisfaction of the founders with the (1) Albany Plan of Union (2) Northwest Ordinance (3) Articles of Confederation (4) Treaty of Paris

3

The instructions referred to in this public notice resulted in the (1) deportation of most Japanese aliens to Japan (2) protection of the homes and property of Japanese Americans (3) removal of Japanese Americans to internment camps (4) drafting of all young Japanese American men into the United States military

3

The main idea of the cartoon is that President Barack Obama (1) is determined to end President Lyndon B. Johnson's foreign policy commitments (2) is better prepared than President Lyndon B. Johnson to lead the nation in war (3) should learn from President Lyndon B. Johnson's failure in Vietnam (4) should follow the advice of President Lyndon B. Johnson

3

The opinion expressed by the cartoonist is that the USA Patriot Act allows (anti terrorism orders & America is left to deal with it) the federal government to (1) set new term limits for federal judges (2) restrict the investigative powers of the police (3) violate freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights (4) eliminate States rights reserved in the 10th amendment

3

The poster indicates that rationing during World War II was a (rationing means a fair share for us all) (1) way of assuring that only the wealthy could buy certain products (2) necessity caused by farm failures during the Great Depression (3) program that was to be applied equally to all Americans (4) policy to encourage small business owners

3

What was a major demand of the Antifederalists during the debate over ratification of the United States Constitution? (1) continuation of slavery (2) right to habeas corpus (3) inclusion of a bill of rights (4) reduction in the number of representatives in Congress

3

What was a primary goal of President Thomas Jefferson's 1803 decision to purchase the Louisiana Territory? (1) studying Native American Indian societies (2) mining gold and silver in California (3) gaining control of the port of New Orleans (4) securing access to the iron ore deposits near the Great Lakes

3

Which action by Germany prompted the United States to enter World War I? (1) attacking British shipping (2) forming an alliance with Austria-Hungary (3) resuming unrestricted submarine warfare (4) invading France

3

Which activity is illustrated in this photograph? (1) picketing against United States involvement in World War I (2) making a statement of support for the League of Nations (3) protesting the nation's denial of woman's suffrage (4) supporting punishment of Germany for causing World War I

3

Which book title is accurately matched with the book's theme? (1) Uncle Tom's Cabin—political machine corruption (2) The Jungle—environmental conservation (3) How the Other Half Lives—urban poverty (4) The Grapes of Wrath—racial discrimination

3

Which conclusion is best supported by the information on the chart? (1) Business advertising had succeeded in selling more products. (2) Violence by labor had increased throughout the country. (3) Economic conditions had become worse. (4) The stock market had recovered in 1933.

3

Which geographic feature did the British government use in 1763 as a boundary to restrict the westward settlement of American colonists? (1) St. Lawrence River (2) Rocky Mountains (3) Appalachian Mountains (4) Mississippi River

3

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _____________________________________ A. Disputes over tariff rates B. Introduction of slavery into the territories C. Demands of abolitionists D. Disagreements over States right (1) Reasons for the American System (2) Successes of Third Political Parties (3) Causes of Sectionalism (4) Justifications for Economic Reform

3

Which headline is reporting the clearest example of the United States Constitution's system of checks and balances? (1) "Environmental Protection Agency Proposes Stricter Air Pollution Controls" (2) "Supreme Court Rules on Arizona Immigration Law" (3) "President Vetoes Defense Spending Bill" (4) "California Passes Strict Gun Control Law"

3

Which statement most accurately explains why the War Powers Act (1973) was passed? (1) President Lyndon B. Johnson failed to send enough troops to South Vietnam. (2) President Richard Nixon negotiated a peace treaty with North Vietnam. (3) Congress wanted to reassert its right to authorize military action. (4) Military leaders demanded limits on presidential authority during wartime.

3

Which statement most accurately expresses the point of view of the cartoonist? (my job was outsourced to China. So I borrowed money from the Chinese to afford these Chinese fireworks) (1) The United States should increase its imports from China. (2) Many products made in the United States are sold in China. (3) The American economy has become overly dependent on China. (4) Many Americans have had to move to China to find work.

3

Which trend in United States foreign policy is shown by the passage of the Neutrality Act of 1939, the destroyers for bases deal of 1940, and the Lend-Lease Act of 1941? (1) withdrawal from overseas colonies (2) expansion of trade with the Axis powers (3) increase in support for the Allied powers (4) reduction in war preparedness

3

...No political truth is certainly of greater intrinsic [essential] value, or is stamped with the authority of more enlightened patrons of liberty, than that on which the objection is founded. The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self- appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.... — James Madison, The Federalist, Number 47 Which constitutional principle was established to protect American citizens from the tyranny suggested in this quotation? (1) due process of law (2) States rights (3) popular sovereignty (4) separation of powers

4

A common goal of Lincoln Steffens, Frank Norris, and Ida Tarbell was to (1) encourage government officials to decrease the regulation of business (2) publicize the achievements of the captains of industry (3) create a demand for new political parties to replace the two major parties (4) increase public awareness of social, political, and economic problems

4

A major impact of the 24th amendment banning poll taxes and of the 1965 Voting Rights Act was the (1) increase in the number of Jim Crow laws (2) movement to create a new political party for Hispanics (3) decrease in voting among African American women (4) elimination of discriminatory voting practices against African Americans

4

A major reason for the issuance of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to (1) improve trade relations with Asia (2) gain new colonies in Latin America (3) acquire land to build a canal in Central America (4) limit European infl uence in the Western Hemisphere

4

Based on the information provided by the cartoon, President Theodore Roosevelt's goal was to (1) persuade businesses to accept nationalization (2) assist businesses in resisting interference by investors (3) establish worker safety regulations in factories (4) use federal power to control monopolies

4

During the 1600s and 1700s, the fundamental goal of British mercantilism was to (1) prohibit all exports of raw materials from the colonies (2) encourage economic competition with the American colonies (3) develop manufacturing within the colonies (4) maintain a favorable balance of trade for Great Britain with its colonies

4

During the early 1930s, the main goal of the Bonus Army was to pressure the Hoover administration to (1) strengthen the nation's defenses (2) end the military draft (3) bring American troops home from overseas (4) support the early payment of money promised to veterans

4

During the late 19th century, businesses tried to maximize profits by (1) eliminating tariffs (2) supporting labor unions (3) resisting laissez-faire policies (4) creating monopolies

4

Information such as that shown on the map is important to state governments because it is used to (changes in population) (1) establish immigration quotas (2) set Social Security taxation rates (3) identify the best location for new military bases (4) determine the number of seats each state will have in the House of Representatives

4

One important goal of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to (1) reduce trade barriers between the United States and African nations (2) establish United States colonies and naval bases in the Caribbean (3) provide military assistance to help the Philippines gain independence from Spain (4) prevent former colonial powers from taking over Latin American nations

4

One reason President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed the plan shown in the cartoon was that the Supreme Court had (1) challenged his right to run for a third term (2) rejected several important Cabinet appointments (3) ruled against laws to protect the rights of minorities (4) declared parts of key New Deal programs unconstitutional

4

President George Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion (1794) and President Dwight Eisenhower's response to events at Little Rock High School (1957) show that the (1) Supreme Court has often declared presidential actions unconstitutional (2) federal supremacy clause of the Constitution is rarely enforced (3) states have been successful in defying federal law (4) president may use troops to enforce federal decisions

4

Speaker A: United States expansion should not end when we reach the Pacific Coast. Speaker B: The navy of the United States needs to increase in size to defend our overseas interests. Speaker C: The United States must serve as the military protector of the Western Hemi- sphere. Speaker D: The United States needs to avoid inter- national commitments in order to protect our national interests. Which speaker's statement best expresses the reason that many United States senators rejected the Treaty of Versailles after World War I? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

4

The Great Migration of African Americans between 1915 and 1930 was mainly a movement from (1) cities to suburban developments (2) northern farms to northern cities (3) southern cities to free land in the West (4) the rural South to northern cities

4

The Homestead Act and grants of land to railroads were used to (1) raise money to finance the federal government (2) limit the influence of monopolies and trusts (3) support the development of state universities (4) encourage settlement of the West

4

The New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to address the problem shown in the photograph by (Hoovervilles) (1) expanding the armed services (2) using the police to evict "Hooverville" residents (3) delivering food, water, and medical supplies to residents (4) providing jobs and home loans to American workers

4

The SALT I and SALT II agreements of the 1970s tried to improve Cold War relations between the United States and the Soviet Union by (1) encouraging space exploration (2) increasing cultural exchanges (3) lowering barriers to trade (4) limiting nuclear weapons

4

The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) increased the power of the federal courts by (1) increasing the number of judges (2) enabling the president to overturn lower-court decisions (3) establishing federal supremacy over state governments (4) establishing the principle of judicial review

4

The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) strengthened the constitutional principle of separation of powers by (1) defining the Court's role in impeachment trials (2) clarifying the president's authority to veto bills passed by Congress (3) denying states the right to sue the federal government (4) establishing the Court's right to review the constitutionality of federal laws

4

The United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States (1919) ruled that freedom of speech may be limited during national emergencies when the speech (1) threatens the principle of States rights (2) conflicts with national economic policies (3) interferes with a presidential campaign (4) presents a clear and present danger to the nation

4

The air corridors shown on the map were used during the airlift in 1948 and 1949 to (1) bomb the city of Berlin (2) fly combat troops into the Soviet sector (3) prevent a Soviet invasion of West Germany (4) overcome a Soviet blockade of Berlin in East Germany

4

The cartoonist most likely refers to the war in Afghanistan as "Obama's Vietnam" because (1) the war was begun during the administration of President Barack Obama (2) the war ended soon after President Barack Obama took office (3) President Barack Obama favored the reinstatement of the military draft (4) President Barack Obama chose to continue military involvement in Afghanistan

4

The information provided by the map best supports the conclusion that (1) the South's transportation system was more efficient (2) most railroads were owned and operated by the United States government (3) the transcontinental railroad linked the West and the South (4) the North had transportation advantages by the start of the Civil War

4

The main idea of this cartoon is that President Richard Nixon (Nixon hiding behind the American flag and avoiding issues of the time) (1) refused to become involved in political activities (2) supported campaign finance reform (3) exercised presidential power to defend national interests (4) tried to use foreign policy issues to cover up illegal activities

4

The power of judicial review was established when (1) the original United States Constitution was adopted (2) an amendment was added to the United States Constitution (3) President Thomas Jefferson established the power in an executive order (4) the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Marbury v. Madison (1803)

4

The relocation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast during World War II occurred because (1) most of them were not citizens of the United States (2) they refused to serve in the United States military (3) they were needed to work at inland defense industries (4) military authorities considered them a threat to national security

4

The scientists working on the Manhattan Project during World War II were responsible for (1) designing weapons for the D-Day invasion (2) building satellites to spy on the Axis nations (3) creating materials for biological and chemical warfare (4) developing the atomic bomb

4

The shelter pictured in this handbook was designed to help Americans survive (1) global climate changes (2) pandemic diseases (3) natural disasters (4) nuclear war

4

The term Harlem Renaissance best describes (1) state and federal laws passed to end racial discrimination (2) urban renewal efforts in New York City (3) government programs to promote African American businesses (4) a period of African American cultural achievements

4

The term federalism is best defined as (1) the process of amending a constitution (2) the power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws (3) a republican form of government with no hereditary ruler (4) the division of power between the states and the national government

4

The war crimes trials of German military officials after World War II and of Saddam Hussein during the Iraq War (2003-2011) both demonstrate the principle that (1) only nations are considered responsible for wartime actions (2) international law may not be applied to national leaders (3) protection of civil liberties depends on the circumstances at the time (4) leaders can be held accountable for crimes against humanity

4

These World War II posters encouraged Americans to (1) demand higher wages (2) enlist in the armed services (3) purchase new automobiles (4) support home-front war efforts

4

This cartoon was published in response to federal actions that followed which event? (anti terrorism orders & America is left to deal with it) (1) passage of the Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) (2) Supreme Court decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) (3) civil rights march on Washington, D.C. (1963) (4) attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon (2001)

4

This poster from 1967 is an expression of (1) support for the foreign policy of the president (2) support for increased financing of environ- mental programs (3) opposition to health care reform for seniors and the poor (4) opposition to United States involvement in Vietnam

4

What is considered a major cause of the problem shown in the cartoon? (social {in}security held up on 4 pillars) (1) Employers pay higher Social Security taxes than employees pay. (2) Most Americans want to end Social Security programs. (3) Wealthy people pay the largest share of the Social Security taxes. (4) The growing number of Social Security recipients are being supported by relatively fewer workers.

4

What was one characteristic of American imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? (1) avoiding involvement with nations in East Asia (2) supporting independence movements in Africa (3) rejecting the use of military force to gain colonies (4) acquiring territory to promote economic and strategic interests

4

What was the primary motive behind President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1937 proposal to add members to the Supreme Court? (1) removal of Republican justices from the Court (2) ending the Court's use of judicial review (3) assuring United States neutrality at the start of World War II (4) protection of New Deal programs from unfavorable Court decisions

4

Which New Deal agency had the creation of new jobs as its primary goal? (1) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) (2) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (3) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (4) Works Progress Administration (WPA)

4

Which United States effort is the Soviet Union responding to in this cartoon? (1) a commitment to rebuild the League of Nations (2) a plan to join with other nations to reduce military spending (3) an effort to improve United States-Soviet relations (4) an attempt to stabilize the economy of Western Europe

4

Which foreign policy toward Europe did President George Washington recommend in his Farewell Address? (1) military alliances (2) internationalism (3) imperialism (4) neutrality

4

Which geographical consideration had the greatest influence on President Thomas Jefferson's decision to purchase the Louisiana Territory in 1803? (1) Large gold reserves were located in the territory. (2) The size of the territory would create a barrier to French influence. (3) The Rocky Mountain region was an outlet for future population growth. (4) Full control of the port of New Orleans on the Mississippi River would be established.

4

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. ___________________________________ A. House of Burgesses B. Mayflower Compact C. New England town meetings (1) British System of National Government in North America (2) Colonial Responses to the Practice of Salutary Neglect (3) British Attempts to Control Colonial Govern- ments (4) Colonial Efforts at Self-Government

4

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _________________________________ A. House of Burgesses B. Mayflower Compact C. New England town meetings D. Albany Plan of Union (1) Early Colonial Documents (2) Limits on Representative Government (3) Contributions of the Enlightenment (4) Foundations of American Democracy

4

Which headline would be considered an example of the unwritten constitution? (1) "President Nixon Vetoes War Powers Act" (2) "Congress Approves President Reagan's Tax Cuts" (3) "Congress Votes to Impeach President Bill Clinton" (4) "President Obama Names Hillary Clinton to Cabinet"

4

Which issue did the Virginia Plan,the New Jersey Plan, and the Great Compromise address at the Constitutional Convention (1787)? (1) the power to regulate interstate commerce (2) the number of justices on the Supreme Court (3) a system for electing the president (4) a method of determining state representation in Congress

4

Which provision of the Bill of Rights was influenced by the trial of John Peter Zenger? (1) right to bear arms (2) right to an attorney (3) freedom of religion (4) freedom of the press

4

Which quotation best represents the idea of Manifest Destiny? (1) "American interests are best served by strict isolationism." (2) "The passage of protective tariffs will encourage industrial development." (3) "Immigration is the key to the nation's economic growth." (4) "The United States has a duty to spread American ideals westward."

4

Which statement most accurately describes the main argument made in this 1919 cartoon? (1) Labor and management have the same economic goals. (2) The federal government should take ownership of major industries. (3) Organized workers are more productive than nonunion workers. (4) Disputes between labor and the leaders of business are hurting the economy.

4

Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of the cartoon? (agriculture and cities fighting over the last drop of water) (1) Water pollution threatens public health. (2) Farmers fail to understand the water needs of cities. (3) Urban development has used all the water needed for farming. (4) Conflict is growing over the distribution of scarce water resources.

4

• Alger Hiss conviction • Rosenberg trial • McCarthy hearings These post-World War II events are most closely associated with the fear of (1) an increase in immigration from the Soviet Union (2) labor conflicts in United States cities (3) an expansion of communism into Cuba (4) a communist threat inside the United States

4

...We have agreed on common policies and plans for enforcing the unconditional surrender terms which we shall impose together on Nazi Germany after German armed resistance has been finally crushed. These terms will not be made known until the final defeat of Germany has been accomplished. Under the agreed plan, the forces of the three powers will each occupy a separate zone of Germany. Coordinated administration and control has been provided for under the plan through a central control commission consisting of the Supreme Commanders of the three powers with headquarters in Berlin. It has been agreed that France should be invited by the three powers, if she should so desire, to take over a zone of occupation, and to participate as a fourth member of the control commission. The limits of the French zone will be agreed by the four Governments concerned through their representatives on the European Advisory Commission. ... — Joint Statement of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Marshal Joseph Stalin at Yalta, February 11, 1945 Based on this passage, a major purpose of the Yalta Conference was to (1) prepare for control of Germany after World War II (2) offer Germany generous terms of surrender to shorten the war (3) rebuild German industries following the war (4) prevent Germany's membership in the United Nations

1

...that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, —that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, ... — Declaration of Independence, 1776 This passage demonstrates that Thomas Jefferson was directly influenced by the (1) ideas of John Locke (2) goals of the Albany Plan of Union (3) belief in the divine right of kings (4) traditional separation of church and state

1

...the policy of the government of the United States is to seek a solution which may bring about permanent safety and peace to China, preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity, protect all rights guaranteed to friendly powers by treaty and international law, and safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire.... — Secretary of State John Hay, Circular Letter, July 3, 1900 This excerpt from John Hay's Circular Letter became part of the (1) Open Door policy (2) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (3) policy of Dollar Diplomacy (4) Kellogg-Briand Pact

1

After World War I, a "return to normalcy" was most clearly demonstrated by (1) opposition to joining the League of Nations (2) ending farm subsidies under the Agricultural Adjustment Act (3) reducing tariff rates on imported goods (4) rejection of disarmament agreements

1

After the Civil War, a significant cause of the conflict between President Andrew Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress was disagreement over (1) the plans for restoring Southern states to the Union (2) a proposal to repeal the Emancipation Proclamation (3) reduction of the army and the navy to prewar levels (4) congressional efforts to pay the Confederate war debt

1

As the Civil War ended, which action was supported by President Abraham Lincoln and the Radical Republicans? (1) abolishing the institution of slavery by a constitutional amendment (2) passing Black Codes to guarantee equality for formerly enslaved persons (3) putting Confederate leaders on trial for war crimes (4) ending the military occupation of the South immediately

1

At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, supporters of the Virginia plan and supporters of the New Jersey plan differed over the method for (1) determining congressional representation (2) selecting the president's cabinet (3) adopting the amendment process (4) giving powers to the executive branch

1

At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Great Compromise between the large states and the small states resulted in (1) the creation of a bicameral legislature (2) a provision for equal protection of the laws (3) a permanent solution to the slavery issue (4) the guarantee of voting rights for all male property owners

1

Completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 encouraged the growth of the Midwest because it (intersect in upstate New York) (1) linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Coast (2) helped force the removal of British forts in the Northwest Territory (3) stimulated development of cotton production in the Ohio River valley (4) increased trade with Asia

1

During the colonial era,the British promoted the policy of mercantilism to (1) control the commerce of their American colonies (2) promote colonial trade with France and Spain (3) ban all trade between the British colonies in North America (4) restrict the importation of enslaved Africans

1

Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled. — Article II, Articles of Confederation The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. — 10th amendment, United States Constitution 8 The purpose of each of these provisions is to (1) determine the division of power between state and central governments (2) create a process for allowing amendments (3) grant the central government power to control the states (4) limit the power of the executive branch

1

...As to government matters, it is not in the power of Britain to do this continent justice: the business of it will soon be too weighty and intricate to be managed with any tolerable degree of convenience, by a power so distant from us, and so very ignorant of us; for if they cannot conquer us, they cannot govern us. To be always running three or four thousand miles with a tale or a petition, waiting four or five months for an answer, which, when obtained, requires five or six more to explain it in, will in a few years be looked upon as folly and childishness. There was a time when it was proper, and there is a proper time for it to cease.... — Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 What is the main argument Thomas Paine makes concerning the relationship between Great Britain and its American colonies? (1) Britain wants to make America a part of the European continental system. (2) America is too distant for Great Britain to govern effectively. (3) America lacks representation in Parliament. (4) American colonial leaders believe British officials want to use them to fight European wars.

2

...It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate [implement] any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.... — Section 1, Executive Order 9981 The purpose of Executive Order 9981, issued by President Harry Truman, was to (1) encourage women to join the armed services (2) end racial segregation in the military (3) ensure adequate manpower to fight the Korean War (4) establish war crimes tribunals in Western Europe

2

...The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products— principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.... — Secretary of State George Marshall, Remarks at Harvard University Commencement, June 5, 1947 The situation in Europe described by Secretary of State George Marshall was the result of the (1) failure of the United Nations to help people in need (2) devastation caused by fighting in World War II (3) construction of the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Union (4) takeover of Greece and Turkey by communists

2

...We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,... This passage suggests that the authority of government (1) originates from the divine right of kings (2) is based on a social contract meant to guarantee individual rights (3) includes the power to seize private property for national defense (4) is the source of all the natural rights of citizens

2

...We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,... Which document includes this passage? (1) Mayflower Compact (2) Declaration of Independence (3) Northwest Ordinance (4) Monroe Doctrine

2

Based on the map, the Erie Canal and Hudson River contributed directly to the (intersect in upstate New York) (1) decisions to restrict immigration (2) rapid increase in population in upstate New York (3) settlement of New England (4) acquisition of land from Canada

2

During the 1870s, the Granger movement attracted the support of many western farmers because it proposed that (1) the money supply should be deflated by removing paper currency from circulation (2) shipping rates and grain storage fees charged by railroads should be regulated (3) immigrants should be given land on the Great Plains (4) the government should control the development of resources in the West

2

During the 1960s, the foreign policy of President Lyndon B. Johnson was criticized because it (1) failed to support the space program (2) escalated the Vietnam War (3) restricted overseas travel for American citizens (4) eliminated economic aid to African nations

2

During the Jacksonian Era, elections became more democratic when (1) the poll tax was abolished (2) states removed property qualifications for voting (3) a women's rights amendment was ratified (4) 18-year-old citizens were allowed to vote

2

Good evening, my fellow citizens. This Government, as promised, has maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet military build-up on the island of Cuba. Within the past week unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island. The purposes of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere.... — President John F. Kennedy, Report to the American People, October 22, 1962 President John F. Kennedy reacted strongly to the situation described in this speech primarily because (1) the United States feared an influx of Cuban refugees (2) these missiles could threaten United States oil supplies in South America (3) the location of Cuba would allow the United States little time to respond to an attack (4) the United States and the Warsaw Pact nations had formed a military alliance

3

In New York Times v. United States (1971) and United States v. Nixon (1974), the Supreme Court placed limits on the (1) authority of federal judges (2) exercise of freedom of religion (3) powers of the president (4) right of Congress to declare war

3

In the late 1800s, which concept was used to justify the accumulation of great wealth and economic power? (1) Manifest Destiny (2) self-determination (3) Social Darwinism (4) conspicuous consumption

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In the late 1800s, which idea was used most often to justify the elimination of business competition? (1) conservation (2) Manifest Destiny (3) Social Darwinism (4) populism

3

One of the main effects of the passage of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 was the expansion of (1) ridership on long-distance passenger trains (2) immigrant populations (3) communities in the suburbs (4) the airline industry

3

One reason the United States supported the creation of the United Nations was to (1) determine blame for the start of World War II (2) improve efforts to collect war debts (3) maintain international peace (4) promote the development of nuclear weapons

3

One way in which the Progressive movement of the early 1900s and the women's rights movement of the 1960s are similar is that each resulted in (1) restrictions on immigration (2) limits on labor union activities (3) passage of reform legislation (4) a return to laissez-faire economic policies

3

Photographs and posters showing scenes similar to these were used by the federal government to (1) support the goal of equal pay for equal work (2) discourage women from taking jobs from men with families (3) recruit women to fill wartime manufacturing jobs (4) encourage women to accept combat roles

3

President Andrew Jackson used the spoils system to (1) stop the westward expansion of slavery (2) strengthen the military for national defense (3) reward loyal political supporters (4) destroy the Bank of the United States

3

President Theodore Roosevelt was called a trustbuster because he (1) supported the building of the Panama Canal (2) negotiated peace between Russia and Japan (3) supported legal action against business monopolies (4) protected public lands from environmental damage

3

River systems were important to the development of the United States because they (1) allowed Americans to travel easily between the east coast and the west coast (2) prevented foreign invasion of United States territory (3) provided routes for shipping agricultural and manufacturing products (4) made the southeast the major destination for immigrants

3

The "separate but equal" doctrine established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the legality of (1) woman's suffrage in state elections (2) the activities of the Ku Klux Klan (3) racial segregation in public facilities (4) restrictions on voting rights of African Americans

3

The 1957 launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union embarrassed the United States because it (1) allowed the Soviets to place missiles in Turkey (2) revealed that the Soviets had nuclear weapons (3) appeared that the United States had failed to keep up in scientific achievement (4) confirmed the United States use of U-2 spy planes

3

The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was passed in an attempt to (1) increase United States exports (2) safeguard the health of workers (3) regulate the amount of money in circulation (4) protect national forests from destruction

3

The Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, were intended to (1) promote independence from Great Britain (2) persuade voters to keep the Articles of Confederation (3) win support for ratification of the Constitution (4) endorse candidates running for Congress

3

". . .You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. . . ." —William Jennings Bryan, 1896 In the late 19th century, farmers attempted to address the issue raised by William Jennings Bryan by (1) supporting the Populist Party (2) demanding higher tariffs (3) providing jobs for the unemployed (4) lobbying Congress to cut income taxes

1

President George H. W. Bush's decisions to send military aid to Saudi Arabia in 1990 and to conduct the Persian Gulf War in 1991 were consistent with the United States (1) long-term commitment to protecting oil resources (2) determination to appease Saddam Hussein (3) continued application of the Truman Doctrine (4) goal of nuclear disarmament

1

President Ronald Reagan supported supply-side economics through reduced tax rates to (1) encourage economic growth (2) create more public-works jobs (3) increase government regulation of business (4) decrease defense spending

1

The decisions of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall and under Chief Justice Earl Warren demonstrate that (1) the Supreme Court can greatly influence economic and social change (2) chief justices have little influence over the rest of the Supreme Court (3) Supreme Court decisions must be approved by the president (4) states can overturn decisions of the Supreme Court

1

The phrase "consent of the governed" refers to the (1) source of the government's power (2) need to create political parties (3) commitment to use implied powers (4) development of a federal system of government

1

The situation shown on the map was primarily the result of the (1) continuing disagreement among wartime Allies about Germany's future (2) demand of Great Britain and France that Germany pay harsh reparations (3) desire to conduct war crimes trials for Nazi leaders (4) need to bring a unified Germany into the United Nations

1

What is the main idea of this cartoon? (1) President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to end Supreme Court opposition to the New Deal. (2) Congress refused to pass New Deal legislation. (3) President Franklin D. Roosevelt had not faced any opposition to his New Deal. (4) Congress voted to increase the size of the Supreme Court.

1

What was President Woodrow Wilson's stated policy toward the warring nations of Europe prior to United States entry into World War I? (1) neutrality (2) containment (3) internationalism (4) dollar diplomacy

1

What was a result of the Great Compromise during the Constitutional Convention of 1787? (1) creating a two-house legislature (2) banning slavery in Southern states (3) requiring that the president have a cabinet (4) giving the Supreme Court the power to hear cases involving states

1

What was the purpose of the Berlin airlift? (1) supplying West Berlin with necessities during the Soviet blockade (2) helping defeat the German military (3) assisting people trying to escape from East Berlin (4) forcing the Soviet Union to end its occupation of East Germany

1

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _________________________________ A. The United States claims the Hawaiian Islands. B. Puerto Rico becomes a United States territory. C. The United States fights an insurrection in the Philippine Islands. D. The United States Senate ratifies the Panama Canal treaty. (1) Rise of American Imperialism (2) Causes of World War I (3) Enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine (4) Trade Expansion in East Asia

1

. . . I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished. It is not in despair that I paint you that picture. I paint it for you in hope—because the Nation, seeing and understanding the injustice in it, proposes to paint it out. We are determined to make every American citizen the subject of his country's interest and concern; and we will never regard any faithful, law-abiding group within our borders as superfl uous. The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little. . . . —President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Second Inaugural Address, January 20, 1937 President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the situation described in this speech by (1) reducing the infl uence of labor unions (2) supporting programs to aid the poor and unemployed (3) promoting the interests of big business (4) adopting the trickle-down economic theory

2

New England's geographic features most directly infl uenced the region's development of (1) industry (2) sugar mills (3) large plantations (4) tenant farming

1

The Harlem Renaissance was infl uenced by the (1) migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North (2) passage of federal laws outlawing racial discrimination in public facilities (3) racial integration of the military during World War I (4) use of affirmative action after World War II

1

Under the British system of mercantilism, the American colonies served primarily as a (1) self-sufficient trading partner for other European nations (2) market for British manufactured goods and a source of raw materials (3) source of manpower for the British army and navy (4) buffer to the expansion of French and Spanish colonies

2

What is one effect the population changes shown in the graph have had on national politics? (1) reducing the number of senators from the Midwest (2) increasing the representation of the South and West in Congress (3) enhancing the chances for election of presidential candidates from the Northeast (4) strengthening the Democratic Party's control of the xSouth

2

One way in which Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller are similar is that they both (1) served in the United States Congress (2) treated their workers with respect (3) gave large sums of money to charitable causes (4) made fortunes in the automobile industry

3

This cartoon illustrates that actions taken during times of crisis have sometimes led to concerns about the functioning of (1) federalism (2) salutary neglect (3) checks and balances (4) bicameral legislatures

3

Which principle was dealt with in the Supreme Court decisions in Schenck v. United States (1919) and Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)? (1) States rights (2) voting rights (3) freedom of speech (4) freedom of assembly

3

"No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." — Section 2, Voting Rights Act of 1965 The specific goal stated in this section of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was to (1) expand the use of property qualifications (2) establish voter qualifications such as literacy tests (3) stop fraudulent voting in large cities (4) remove barriers to voting based on racial background

4

...We may anticipate a state of affairs in which two Great Powers will each be in a position to put an end to the civilization and life of the other, though not without risking its own. We may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, each capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life.... — J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1953 In this statement, J. Robert Oppenheimer was referring to the (1) benefits of neutrality (2) dangers of the nuclear arms race (3) failures of appeasement (4) positive effects of atomic energy

2

A major reason the American colonists of the 1600s chose to settle along the seacoast and rivers was so that they could (1) export slaves (2) carry out trade (3) protect themselves from Native American Indians (4) use water power to run factory machinery

2

Abraham Lincoln's 1858 warning that "a house divided against itself cannot stand" referred to sectional differences over the (1) treatment of Native American Indians (2) issue of slavery (3) funding for internal improvements (4) treaties with European nations

2

In the late 1800s, many employers used black- listing to (1) end the use of sweatshops (2) discourage workers from joining labor unions (3) restrict the use of open shops (4) promote child labor reform

2

One way in which the elections of President Rutherford B. Hayes (1876) and President George W. Bush (2000) are similar is that in both instances the (1) third-party candidate won electoral votes in several states (2) winner of the electoral vote failed to win the popular vote (3) eventual winner was selected by Congress (4) elections were settled by a special prosecutor

2

President Kennedy created the Peace Corps in the 1960s to (1) fi ght revolutionaries in democratic nations with military force (2) improve economic conditions in developing countries (3) rebuild United States cities through urban renewal (4) overthrow Soviet control in Eastern Europe

2

What was a common goal of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution? (1) punishing the South for seceding from the Union (2) granting basic rights to formerly enslaved persons (3) allowing the states to veto federal laws (4) creating a "separate but equal" society

2

Which conclusion about the United States economy during World War II is most clearly supported by the information in the graph? (1) Organized labor conducted frequent strikes during the war years. (2) The war led to improved economic condi- tions. (3) The Gross National Product (GNP) steadily declined during the war years. (4) Unemployment increased throughout the war.

2

Which standard of justice was applied to Nazi leaders who were tried at Nuremberg after World War II? (1) Military attacks on civilian populations are legal. (2) Individuals can be held personally responsible for war crimes. (3) Military offi cers are not accountable for crimes if they were obeying orders. (4) Only the League of Nations can determine international law

2

• Colonists protest the Stamp Act. • Sons of Liberty groups are formed. • Crates of tea are thrown into Boston Harbor. • Parliament passes Coercive Acts. These events helped lead to the (1) French and Indian War (2) Revolutionary War (3) Whiskey Rebellion (4) War of 1812

2

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. . . ." —President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Address to Congress, December 8, 1941 In this statement, President Roosevelt was addressing Congress about the (1) sinking of merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean (2) D-Day invasion of France (3) bombing of Pearl Harbor (4) air raids on the Panama Canal

3

President Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that declaring a bank holiday and creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) would aid the nation's banking system by (1) restricting foreign investments (2) eliminating government regulation of banks (3) restoring public confi dence in banks (4) granting tax relief

3

President Theodore Roosevelt was called a trustbuster because he (1) directed the building of the Panama Canal (2) encouraged conservation of natural resources (3) supported legal action against business monopolies (4) resigned from the Republican Party

3

Speaker A: United States expansion should not end when we reach the Pacific Coast. Speaker B: The navy of the United States needs to increase in size to defend our overseas interests. Speaker C: The United States must serve as the military protector of the Western Hemi- sphere. Speaker D: The United States needs to avoid inter- national commitments in order to protect our national interests. Which president's decision demonstrated a commitment to the idea expressed by Speaker A? (1) James K. Polk going to war with Mexico Abraham (2) Lincoln signing the Homestead Act (3) William McKinley annexing the Hawaiian Islands (4) Woodrow Wilson sending troops to pursue Pancho Villa in Mexico

3

Upton Sinclair ,Ida M. Tarbell ,and Lincoln Steffens were considered muckrakers because they (1) opposed railroad monopolies (2) criticized the growing power of labor unions (3) raised concerns about the negative effects of industrialization (4) supported the need for reforms in education

3

What is the main idea of this 1967 cartoon? (1) Desertion by United States soldiers was widespread. (2) The domino theory no longer applied to Southeast Asia. (3) The United States policy of expanding the war in Indochina would be filled with hazards. (4) A bridge into Laos and Cambodia helped United States soldiers invade Asia.

3

Which New Deal agency was created to provide employment for individuals such as the man in the photograph? (1)Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) (2) Social Security Administration (SSA) (3) Works Progress Administration (WPA) (4)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

3

Which quotation is correctly paired with the document in which it is found? (1) "...the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." — Washington's Farewell Address (2) "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal..." — Monroe Doctrine (3) "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation..." — Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (4) "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union..." — Declaration of Independence

3

Which statement about the United States economy during the 1920s is true? (1) Federal regulation of business was strengthened. (2) The purchase of stocks steadily declined. (3) Mass production increased the supply of consumer goods. (4) Republican Party presidents supported unemployment insurance.

3

Which statement best expresses President Theodore Roosevelt's philosophy on regulating big business? (1) Regulation of big business should be left to the states. (2) Any regulation of big business is undesir- able. (3) Abusive trusts should be broken up by a vigilant federal government. (4) Government ownership of key industries will benefit consumers.

3

Which statement is best supported by the information provided in this graph? (1) Each year since 1950, immigration has increased. (2) Quotas favored immigration from southern and eastern Europe. (3) Immigration declined during world wars and economic hard times. (4) Every year since 1920, at least one million people have come to the United States

3

Which statement most accurately describes the meaning of this 1896 cartoon? (1) Western farmers have no market for their products. (2) Grazing and water rights cause conflict in western states. (3) Eastern businesses profit from western farming. (4) Cattle and grain add little to the wealth of the United States.

3

''. . . Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison. . . .'' —Henry David Thoreau Which leader's reform efforts reflect the idea in this statement by Thoreau? (1) Booker T. Washington's support for vocational education (2) Jane Addams's establishment of Hull House (3) Rachel Carson's books about the environment (4) Martin Luther King Jr.'s advocacy of civil disobedience

4

During the 1960s, members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) used sit-ins primarily to (1) protest high college tuition costs (2) promote passage of clean air laws (3) support voting rights for 18-year-old citizens (4) challenge racially segregated public facilities

4

One purpose of the GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944) was to (1) end racial segregation in the military (2) replace the draft with an all-volunteer military (3) maintain troop strength at World War II levels (4) give educational aid to returning veterans

4

One reason Jacob Riis published many photographs similar to this was to (1) disprove claims of yellow journalists (2) encourage government assistance for poor farmers (3) promote the use of child labor (4) increase public concern over tenement conditions

4

The presidency of Richard Nixon was weakened by his (1) policies on the environment (2) trip to the People's Republic of China (3) foreign policy toward the Soviet Union (4) involvement in the Watergate scandal

4

What was one major result of the North's victory in the Civil War? (1) The power of the Supreme Court was limited. (2) Slave owners were compensated for their losses. (3) The influence of corporations on government was reduced. (4) The supremacy of the national government was upheld.

4

What was one result of the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)? (1) Public schools were integrated nationwide. (2) Civil rights for African Americans were strengthened. (3) Northern states were forced to segregate public facilities. (4) The "separate but equal" doctrine was established.

4

Which event during the civil rights movement is most closely associated with President Dwight Eisenhower? (1) granting permission for the March on Washington (2) urging the Brooklyn Dodgers to sign Jackie Robinson (3) supporting the sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina (4) using federal troops to integrate schools in Little Rock, Arkansas

4

A primary reason the Antifederalists opposed ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787 was because the Constitution failed to (1) include a bill of rights (2) provide for a strong national defense (3) restrict immigration (4) extend voting rights to women

1

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. —First amendment, United States Constitution What is one impact of this amendment on American society? (1) Congress cannot mandate a national religion. (2) Religious groups cannot lobby Congress. (3) Members of the press cannot hold public office. (4) The Supreme Court cannot limit free speech during wartime.

1

During the 1790s, the primary goal of United States foreign policy was to (1) preserve the nation's neutrality during European conflicts (2) increase the nation's trade with Asia (3) expand westward by signing new military alliances (4) make the nation into a major colonial power

1

In the late 1800s, an increased demand for raw materials and a desire for new markets contributed to the United States adopting a policy of (1) imperialism (2) pacifism (3) collective security (4) isolationism

1

In the latter half of the 1800s, a large labor supply, an abundance of natural resources, and the construction of new railroads contributed most directly to the (1) growth of American industry (2) dependence on imported goods (3) demand for limits on immigration (4) rejection of high tariffs by the United States

1

A major reason for President Andrew Jackson's policy toward the Cherokee Nation was to (1) provide Native American Indians with better farmland (2) enforce the United States Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) (3) obtain land from Native American Indians for white settlers (4) gain the political support of Native American Indians

3

Based on the United States Constitution, the census helps to determine the number of (1) presidential candidates (2) members of congressional subcommittees (3) electoral votes assigned to each state (4) senators from each state

3

During World War II, the federal government was accused of violating constitutional rights by (1) signing the Yalta Agreement (2) implementing a draft to expand the armed forces (3) relocating Japanese Americans to internment camps (4) initiating the secret Manhattan Project

3

In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court strengthened the federal government's role in the national economy by (1) outlawing the triangular trade (2) banning states from issuing money (3) upholding the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce (4) limiting the growth of corporations

3