Leadership and Change Chapter 2

In perception, which term refers to the process of assigning underlying causes to behaviors? A. Attribution B. Single-loop learning C. Self-fulfilling prophecy D. Fundamental attribution error

A. Attribution

In the informal coaching process, a leader is most likely to inspire commitment from a follower by _____. A. reviewing performance appraisals B. building a trusting relationship C. assisting with networking D. providing new tasks `

A. Reviewing performance appraisals

Leadership training programs for mid-level managers are LEAST likely to focus on improving _____ skills. A. strategic planning B. time management C. oral communication D. interpersonal

A. Strategic planning

Which statement about the reflection component of the A-O-R model is most likely FALSE? A. The importance of reflection in leadership development is rarely addressed by scholars. B. Reflection is the most significant and most neglected component of the A-O-R model. C. Reflection provides leaders with insight into how to frame problems differently. D. Busy schedules typically prevent leaders from engaging in leadership reflection.

A. The importance of reflection in leadership development is rarely addressed by scholars.

In the informal coaching process, a leader is most likely to help a follower to grow skills by: A. reviewing a 360-degree feedback. B. creating a coaching plan. C. identifying long-term career goals. D. conducting a personality assessment.

B. Creating a coaching plan

Which of the following involves confronting your beliefs, inviting others to challenge you, and working on personal blind spots? A. Fundamental attribution B. Double-loop learning C. Self-fulfilling prophecy D. Single-loop learning

B. Double loop learning

Crediting your own successes to dispositional factors and others' successes to factors in the environment are aspects of: A. single-loop learning. B. fundamental attribution error. C. self-fulfilling prophecy. D. double-loop learning.

B. Fundamental attribution error.

Which statement about perceptual sets is most likely FALSE? A. Perceptual sets can influence any of our senses. B. Perceptual sets are the tendency to perceive everything. C. Feelings and needs can trigger a perceptual set. D. Prior experiences can cause a perceptual set.

B. Perceptual sets are the tendency to perceive everything

Leadership studies programs at the university-level: A. typically offer academic credit in the form of academic minors. B. are increasingly popular at many liberal-arts institutions. C. are typically curriculum-based at public and private institutions. D. should focus primarily on a single field of discipline, such as management.

B. are increasingly popular at many liberal-arts institutions.

In leaderless group discussions, facilitators and observers rate participants and provide feedback about _____ skills. A. supervisory B. interpersonal C. planning D. time management

B. interpersonal

Leadership development is enhanced when experience involves the three processes of: A. stopping, looking, and listening. B. perception, attribution, and learning. C. action, observation, and reflection. D. action, behavior, and consequence.

C. Action, observation, and reflection.

_____ describe leadership situations and are used as vehicles for leadership discussions. A. In-basket exercises B. Simulations C. Case studies D. Games

C. Case studies

Which of the following involves participants being given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, phone messages, and letters? A. Virtual simulations B. Role playing C. In-basket exercises D. Case studies

C. In basket exercises

The process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage younger organizational colleagues is called: A. evaluating. B. consulting. C. mentoring. D. networking.

C. Mentoring

A situation in which one's expectations or predictions help determine the very results predicted is referred to as: A. attribution. B. double-loop learning. C. self-fulfilling prophecy. D. fundamental attribution error.

C. Self fulfilling prophecy

Which statement about action learning is most likely FALSE? A. Adults learn best by doing, which is the basic philosophy of action learning. B. Although action learning is a popular tool, it has not shown a high level of effectiveness in leadership development. C. Action learning often involves assignment to a work team that addresses real-time actual challenges the company is facing. D. Action learning involves attending classes, watching videotapes, and working in teams to create development plans for the firm.

D. Action learning involves attending classes, watching videotapes, and working in teams to create development plans for the firm.

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error. This is called: A. stereotyping. B. self-serving bias. C. ultimate attribution error. D. actor/observer difference.

D. Actor/observer difference

What is most likely an advantage of role playing in leadership development programs? A. Provides individualized feedback to students through leadership behavior ratings B. Analyzes the challenges commonly faced in the work environment C. Establishes a useful vehicle for leadership discussions D. Provides greater transferability to the workplace

D. Provides greater transferability to the workplace

Which term refers to a kind of learning between the individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions? A. Deutero-learning B. Double-loop learning C. Action learning D. Single-loop learning

D. Single loop learning

What is a frequent lesson learned by both men and women from their career experiences? A. Recognizing and seizing opportunities B. Understanding personal limits C. Persevering through adversity D. Handling political situations

D. handling political situations

A drawback to action learning is that it requires spending time away from one's immediate job responsibilities.

False

A participant in an in-basket exercise has a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to e-mails and phone messages from an actual manager's in-box.

False

A situation in which one's expectations help determine the predicted outcome is an "attribution."

False

Although formal coaching programs are considered effective tools for developing leaders, less than half of the Global 1,000 companies use formal coaching because of high investment costs and extensive time constraints.

False

Double-loop learning is the process of learning something that one already predicted, as in the "self-fulfilling prophecy."

False

Experience is just a matter of what events happen to you.

False

Leadership practitioners have a tendency to concentrate on coaching their top followers and overlooking low-performing followers.

False

Mentoring and coaching are essentially the same types of programs.

False

Role-playing activities are used extensively during informal coaching sessions.

False

Studies indicate that everyone attends to all aspects of a situation equally and that perception is basically a passive activity.

False

Studies show that after event reviews (AERs), which involve reflecting on personal leadership experiences, fail to improve leadership effectiveness.

False

According to the A-O-R model, leadership development is enhanced when the consequence and significance of an action is considered.

True

Effective coaches require coachees to practice targeted behaviors through role-play activities and later in real-world situations.

True

Insight on a leader's strengths and development needs can be gathered through 360-degree feedback.

True

Leaders and followers use development plans as road maps for changing their own behaviors.

True

Single-loop learning refers to a self-fulfilling belief system, which is generally not open to feedback.

True

Technology-based approaches to leader development, such as video games and simulations, encourage participants to take risks and think quickly.

True

The most productive way to develop as a leader is to travel along the spiral of experience.

True

The tendency to overestimate the dispositional factors and underestimate the environmental factors in someone else's failure is a fundamental attribution error.

True

The times when people most need to break out of the mold created by past learning patterns tend to be the times when they are most unwilling to do so.

True