Leadership and Change Test 3

Which statement about 360-degree feedback systems is most likely true?

360-degree feedback should be built around an organization's competency model

According to research, a strong correlation exists between the amount of money an organization spends on motivational programs and motivational speakers and the firm's revenues, profitability, and market share.

False

According to research, there is a universal set of leader behaviors that is always associated with leadership success.

False

According to the research of Hogan and Morrison, creative people lack assertiveness and are overly concerned with money and success.

False

Based on the Leadership Pipeline, people frequently turn out to be effective leaders even when they skip organizational levels.

False

Credibility is made up of three components: expertise, commitment and relationships.

False

Dysfunctional turnover occurs when experienced executives retire or substandard performers are fired.

False

Framing is the leadership competency of developing relationships that allow people to work together in the community across their differences.

False

Which of the following leadership questionnaires measured the extent to which leaders in industrial settings exhibited consideration and initiating structure behaviors?

SBDQ

A group consisting of individuals with a variety of experiences, values, and preferences will most likely be creative but could experience a high degree of conflict, which may make it difficult for the leader to get consensus on a final solution.

True

A leader's credo should describe what the leader believes in and will or will not stand for.

True

A leadership skill consists of three components: a well-defined body of knowledge, a set of related behaviors, and clear criteria of competent performance.

True

According to McClelland, differences in achievement orientation are a key reason why people differ in the levels of effort they exert to accomplish assignments, objectives, and goals.

True

An active listener uses paraphrasing to improve understanding.

True

Research shows that when a manager shares the results of their 360-degree feedback with followers and work on an action plan to improve their ratings, ratings do increase over time and in some cases, leadership productivity improves as well.

True

Researchers at the University of Michigan considered job-centered and employee-centered behaviors to be at opposite ends of a single continuum of leadership behavior.

True

Studies show that credibility is one of the most important components of leadership success.

True

Studies suggest that if firms could get almost 4% more work out of each employee, the GDP in the U.S. would increase by $355 billion.

True

The A-B-C model is a stress management tool for changing a person's self-talk during stressful events.

True

The LBDQ-XII assesses behaviors such as being able to tolerate uncertainty and acting as a representative for a group.

True

The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire was developed by Ohio State University researchers.

True

Volunteering to help another employee with a task or project is an example of organizational citizenship behavior.

True

Which skill category relates to analyzing issues, making decisions, and thinking strategically?

business skills

_____ use a graphic approach to systematically represent the root causes of a problem, the relationships between different causes, and sometimes a prioritization of which causes are most important.

cause-and-effect diagrams

The degree to which someone tells others something and ensures that they understand what was said is called:

communication effectiveness

The two dimensions of the Leadership Grid are:

concern for people and concern for production

Which term refers to how much a leader is friendly and supportive toward subordinates?

consideration

The leadership dimensions that were identified by the Ohio State studies are:

consideration and initiating structure

Behaviors concerned with motivating subordinates to accomplish the task at hand are called _____ behaviors.

goal emphasis

Community leaders are most likely to:

have fewer resources than most leaders

In terms of the Leadership Grid, leaders scoring 1,9 show:

high concern for people and low concern for production

Which of the following is the LEAST likely way to increase assertiveness?

learning to say "yes" to others more often

One way to maximize the attendance and benefits of a meeting is to:

make it convenient

Adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get work out while maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level. In the context of the Leadership Grid, what leadership orientation does this statement signify?

middle-of-the-road management

Leaders high in initiating structure are most likely to:

monitor subordinates' performance levels

Which of the following statements concerning 360-degree feedback systems is most likely FALSE?

most 360-degree feedback systems are designed to make comparisons between people

Using the example of starting a new exercise program, which of the following would be a restraining force in a force field analysis?

no regular exercise partner

Which of the following would most likely result from too much stress?

reduced job performance

Building social capital:

refers to developing relationships that allow people to work together

_____ is defined as the process by which we perceive and respond to situations that challenge us.

stress

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate concerning listening?

the best listeners are passive listeners

Leaders who are new college hires most likely fall into which of the following quadrants of the credibility matrix?

third

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that take place in stress management according to the A-B-C model?

triggering event; your thinking; feelings and behaviors

All of the following are ways leaders can improve communication skills EXCEPT:

using constructive sarcasm

Which of the following would be best for managing stress?

using progressive muscle relaxation techniques

A firm with a "pay for performance" culture that distributes bonuses and commissions for results obtained is most likely using the empowerment approach to motivate employees.

False

A force field analysis is an idea-generating activity conducted in a group setting to formulate creative solutions to a problem.

False

A study of more than 700 firms reported that companies that used 360-degree feedback systems had a 10.6 percent increase in shareholder value.

False

According to Brockner, fairness in the workplace makes intuitive sense and is present in most organizations.

False

According to Herzberg's theory, followers will exert additional effort if leaders improve working conditions and pay.

False

According to Hogan and Warrenfelz, the four major categories of competency models are interpersonal, intrapersonal, business, and followership skills.

False

According to the Leadership Grid, 1,1 leaders are the most successful in the workplace.

False

Informal, personal communication is improved when the leader and follower are separated by a desk.

False

Job satisfaction surveys are most useful when compared to a dissimilar reference group, such as an organization of a different size or one in another industry.

False

Leaders in the second quadrant of the credibility matrix most likely joined the company from an entirely different industry.

False

Leaders that rank high in consideration on the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) are more likely to assign reasonable deadlines, establish performance standards, and monitor performance levels.

False

Leaders that use operant principles to motivate workers should limit themselves to administering organizationally sanctioned rewards and punishments, which are most effective at motivating followers.

False

Most leaders prefer appealing to their employees' personal values or giving them something meaningful to do.

False

Regular exercise has been shown to elevate the heart rate so much that it actually increases stress levels.

False

Role conflict occurs whenever leaders or followers are unclear about what they need to do and how they should do it.

False

Stress only has negative effects on an individual's health and work.

False

The Abilene paradox occurs when leaders are assertive but unclear with subordinates.

False

The Leadership Pipeline is a useful model that exemplifies the progression of a manager from a task-oriented leader to a people-oriented leader.

False

The best listeners are passive listeners because they do not interrupt the speaker.

False

The first stage of problem solving is analyzing the causes of the problem.

False

According to research into 360-degree feedback, white peers and subordinates generally gave about the same level of ratings for both black and white peers and bosses.

True

Building development plans and getting coaching from others improves a person's chances of changing targeted behaviors.

True

Communication effectiveness is the degree to which someone tells others something and ensures that they understand what was said.

True

Companies that spend more time and effort attracting, developing, and retaining the best people often report superior financial results.

True

During brainstorming sessions, leaders should encourage group members to piggyback off the ideas of other people.

True

In Maslow's hierarchy, physiological and security needs must be satisfied before belongingness or esteem needs are pursued.

True

In surveys of job satisfaction, a facet satisfaction item asks about particular aspects of the job such as pay or working conditions.

True

Instruments providing 360-degree feedback to managers are particularly useful for leadership development

True

Leaders are more likely to be successful when introducing change if they address and capitalize on followers' emotions.

True

Leaders can encourage creativity in an organization by delegating authority and empowering followers to take risks.

True

Leaders should praise followers in public and punish them in private.

True

Meetings should only be called if the potential benefits outweigh the costs.

True

On the Leadership Grid, a 9,9 leader most likely accomplishes goals by forming trusting, respectful relationships with team members.

True

Personality traits, values, and intelligence must be inferred from behavior

True

Procedural justice involves the process in which rewards or punishments are administered.

True

The concept of motivation helps explain differences seen among people in terms of the energy and direction of their behavior.

True

The context and style of a leader's behavior are factors that affect their ability to build teams.

True

The hierarchy effect occurs when upper-level employees have higher global and facet satisfaction ratings than lower-level employees in the organization.

True

The three components of community leadership include mobilization, framing, and building social capital.

True

Worker productivity and job dissatisfaction in the United States are at an all-time high.

True

Work facilitation behaviors deal with leaders:

acquiring and allocating resources

Which of the following statements is most likely true about active listening?

active listeners put the sender's message into their own words to improve understanding

____ is an effort to attain objectives by attacking or hurting others.

aggression

All of the following are guidelines for effectively managing stress EXCEPT:

avoiding exercise late in the day

Which of the following is NOT a source for 360-degree feedback?

customers

Which of the following statements about defensiveness is most likely FALSE?

defensiveness is an unnatural reaction when someone is criticized

Which of the following is the most important step in conducting a meeting?

determining if it's necessary

Mobilization is best defined as:

engaging a critical mass to take action for the purpose of achieving a specific outcome.

In general, researchers have reported that subordinates are more satisfied when leaders:

exhibit a high level of consideration

The leadership competency of helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunities and issues in ways that result in effective action is known as:

framing

A leader in the first quadrant of the credibility matrix has a _____ of trust and a _____ of expertise.

high level; high level

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events according to the systems view of communication?

intention, expression, reception, interpretation, feedback, new intentions

According to Hogan and Warrenfelz, which of the following skills is the most difficult to change?

intrapersonal

Goal emphasis and work facilitation are _____ leadership behavior dimensions.

job-centered

The _____ component of assertiveness skills concerns knowing where and when not to behave assertively.

knowledge