Leadership and Change test one

In this step of informal coaching, leaders determine what drives their followers and where they want to go with their careers.

Forging a partnership

Which of the following occurs when the organization assigns a relatively inexperienced but high-potential leader to one of the top executives in the company?

Formal mentoring

Identify a myth associated with leadership development.

Good leaders are born with the traits and abilities, which make them successful leaders.

List the three myths about leadership development.

Good leadership is all common sense; leaders are born, not made; and the only school you learn leadership from is the school of hard knocks.

Define the emotional approach to leadership.

Good leadership is more than just calculation and planning or following a checklist. Good leadership also involves touching others' feelings.

What is the advantage of role playing as a leadership concept?

Greater transferability to the workplace

In which step of informal coaching do leaders develop a coaching plan?

Growing skills

Which of the following is not a way to learn from your leadership experience?

Hold regular meetings with your boss to review your behavior

Which of the following is not an example of behaviors that could be considered a "10% stretch"?

Using a motivational practice that has been very successful in the past.

Why do leadership researchers disagree about what leadership really is?

Most of the disagreement about leadership stems from the fact that leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers and the situation.

Which of the following statements is false?

One needs nothing more than common sense to be a good leader.

_____ affect(s) all three phases of the action-observation-reflection model and thus plays a very important role in what anyone will extract from a leadership course.

Perception

Which of the following statements concerning perceptual sets is false?

Perceptual sets are the tendency to perceive everything

The key to developing one's leadership ability is making the most of

experience.

The interactional framework of leadership interaction includes

followers, leaders and situations.

Crediting your own successes to dispositional factors and others' successes to factors in the environment are aspects of

fundamental attribution error.

The "ends" of leadership involve

getting results through others.

Among the following, ideal followers are more likely to be perceived as

independent

A situation in which one's expectations or predictions help determine the very results predicted is referred to as

self-fulfilling prophecy.

The tendency to make external attributions for one's own failures, yet make internal attributions for one's successes is called

self-serving bias.

Leadership programs for senior executives and CEOs tend to focus on

strategic planning

The "means" of leadership involve

the ability to build cohesive, goal-oriented teams.

According to the text, a comprehensive and helpful definition of leadership is

the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals

In reviewing the myriad of leadership definitions, the authors conclude that

various definitions help us understand the multitude of factors affecting leadership.

Which of the following are reasons followers need to have a high level of technical competence?

All of these are accurate reasons.

During the first two weeks new leaders will want to have one-on-one meetings with their direct reports. Which of the following is a topic that should be discussed in that meeting

All of these are topics that should be discussed in that meeting.

Which of the following statements concerning GAPS analysis is accurate?

All of these statements are accurate

Which of the following statements is true regarding action learning?

All of these statements are true

Which of the following statements concerning the reflection component of the AOR model is false?

Leaders are always aware of the value of reflection in leadership development

Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?

Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things.

Which of the following is not a reason that technical competence is important for leaders?

Leaders with technical competence do not have to spend as much time training their followers.

What best describes the leader-follower relationship?

Leadership and followership merge and are linked concepts.

Describe the relationship between leadership and management.

Leadership and management are overlapping functions. Although some of the functions performed by leaders and managers may be unique, there is also an area of overlap.

According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

Leadership and management have some unique functions with an area of overlap.

Which of the following is not a common myth about leadership development?

Leadership can only be taught.

Explain and illustrate the rational and emotional aspects of leadership.

Leadership includes actions and influences based on reason and logic as well as those based on inspiration and passion. It would be undesirable to have leaders who only respond to all situations with logical and emotionless predictability. Good leadership is more than just calculation and planning or following a checklist. All human beings have both rational and emotional sides and leadership therefore needs to deal with both these aspects of human nature. Leaders can use rational and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers, but they must also weigh the rational and emotional consequences of their actions. One example would be the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. It was a movement based on emotions as well as on principles. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., inspired many people to action; he touched people's hearts as well as their heads.

Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is false?

Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic.

What is Hollander's approach to leadership called?

Transactional

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error. This is called

actor/observer difference.

Leadership studies programs at the university-level

appear to be rising in popularity in liberal-arts institutions.

In perception, the process of assigning underlying causes to behaviors is known as

attribution

Successful executives mention all of the following as negative feelings while describing how they feel while working through potent developmental experiences except feeling

challenged

According to the text, leadership is often more associated with

change.

Schein's classic study of sex roles

demonstrated how bias in sex role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles.

Mastering _____ can be thought of as learning how to learn

double-loop learning

Confronting one's beliefs, inviting others to challenge you and working on personal blind spots are aspects of the process of

double-loop learning.

To many, the word "management" suggests

efficiency.

List and briefly describe the five ways outlined in the text that leadership practitioners can enhance the learning value of their experiences.

1. Create opportunities to get feedback. 2. Take a 10 percent stretch. 3. Learn from others. 4. Keep a journal of daily leadership events. 5. Have a developmental plan.

What are the advantages of formally studying leadership?

A formal study provides a variety of ways of examining a particular leadership situation. By studying the different ways, researchers have defined and examined leadership, one can use these definitions and theories to better understand what is going on in any leadership situation

Are leaders and managers different kinds of people? Why or why not?

According to Zaleznik, the differences between leaders and managers reflect fundamentally different personality types. Leaders and managers are basically different kinds of people. He says some people are managers by nature while others are leaders by nature.

Write a short discussion on the action-observation-reflection model.

According to the action-observation-reflection model, leadership development is enhanced when the experience involves three different processes: action, observation and reflection. If a person acts but does not observe the consequences of her actions or reflect on their significance and meaning, then it makes little sense to say she has learned from an experience. Because some people neither observe the consequences of their actions nor reflect on how they could change their actions to become better leaders, leadership development through experience may be better understood as the growth resulting from repeated movements through all three phases rather than merely in terms of some objective dimension like time The most productive way to develop as a leader is to travel along the spiral of experience.

Briefly describe the first 90 days as a leader as was illustrated in the new leader onboarding roadmap.

Before You Start-Prehire data gathering. Posthire activities. The First Day-Meet your boss. Meet your entire team. The First Two Weeks-Meet team members. Meet peers. Meet stars. Other meetings. The First Two Months-Obtain external perspectives. Strategy, structure, and staffing. Socialize decisions. Substantive issues. Get feedback. The Third Month-Establish culture. Team off-site: Values. Strategy. Ops rhythm. Improvement areas. Subteam analyses.

Explain how going against the grain is often an important ingredient in learning from experience.

Bunker and Webb note that executives try to be successful without experiencing stress. Due to organizational pressures to perform, they are often most comfortable drawing from a proven repertoire of operating skills to tackle a challenge they have conquered in the past. The result is a paradox. When people need to change course from their past learning patterns is when they are most unwilling to do so. Being able to go against the grain of one's personal historical success requires an unwavering commitment to learning and a relentless willingness to let go of the fear of failure and the unknown. If one is not willing to go against the grain and tolerate a small dip in performance, then there is no learning

_____ consist of descriptions of various leadership situations and are used as a vehicle for leadership discussions.

Case studies

Which of the following is not something a subordinate should do to better understand their superior's world?

Create opportunities to meet with their superior's boss to get a handle on how they interact.

Define double-loop learning.

Double-loop learning involves a willingness to confront one's own views and an invitation to others to do so, too. It is associated with a view that openness to information and power sharing with others can lead to better recognition and definition of problems, improved communication and increased decision-making effectiveness

Being a leader is either in one's genes or not. Which of the following statement is true?

Each person can make the most of leadership opportunities he or she faces.

Which of the following techniques that involve participants being given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes is particularly useful in assessing and improving a manager's planning and time management skills?

In-basket exercises

Which of the following would not be a good way to establish and maintain good peer relationships?

Jump into situations they are having a difficult time with and help them solve the problem

Explain how leadership can be seen as an art.

Knowing the results of studies on leadership does not in itself guarantee any individual can be an effective leader. Skill in analyzing and responding to situations varies greatly across leaders and so leadership will always remain partly an art.

Compare and contrast leadership and followership.

Leadership is a social influence process shared among all members of a group. It is not restricted to the influence exerted by someone in a particular position or role. Thus, followers are part of the leadership process too. Therefore, the question of leadership cannot be separated from the question of followership. There is no simple line dividing them. It does not follow, however, that leadership and followership are the same thing. When top-level executives were asked to list qualities they most look for and admire in leaders, the lists were similar but not identical. Ideal leaders were characterized as honest, competent, forward-looking and inspiring. Ideal followers were described as honest, competent, independent and cooperative. The differences could be critical in certain situations, as when a forward-looking and inspiring subordinate perceives a significant conflict between his own goals or ethics and those of his superiors. Such a situation could become a crisis for the individual and the organization, demanding choice between leading and following.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Leadership is restricted to the influence exerted by someone in a particular role.

Define leadership as described in the text.

Leadership is the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals.

This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders

Managers maintain while leaders develop.

Briefly define Rosener's concept of interactive leadership and explain its development.

Research by Rosener identified several differences in how men and women described their leadership experiences. While men viewed leadership as an exchange with subordinates for services rendered, women helped subordinates develop commitment for broader goals than their own self-interest and described their influence more in terms of personal characteristics like charisma and interpersonal skill than mere organizational position. Rosener called it interactive leadership. Their leadership self-descriptions reflected an approach based on enhancing others' self-worth and believing that the best performance results when people are excited about their work and feel good about themselves. Rosener concluded that this interactive leadership style developed due to these women's socialization experiences and career paths. The social role expected of women has emphasized they be cooperative, supportive, understanding, gentle and service-oriented. As they entered the business world, they still found themselves in roles emphasizing these same behaviors. They found themselves in staff, rather than line positions and in roles lacking formal authority over others such that they had to accomplish their work without reliance on formal power. What they had to do, in other words, was employ their socially acceptable behavioral repertoire in order to survive organizationally.

Which of the following is not one of the advantages to having a good working relationship with superiors?

Research shows that followers with a good relationship will generally advance faster in their career.

Compare and contrast leadership as an art and a science.

Saying leadership is both a science and an art emphasizes the subject of leadership as a field of scholarly inquiry, as well as certain aspects of the practice of leadership. The scope of the science of leadership is reflected in a number of studies cited in an authoritative reference work. However, being an expert on leadership research is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for being a good leader. Some managers may be effective leaders without ever having taken a course in leadership and some scholars in the field of leadership may be relatively poor leaders themselves. This is not to say that knowing something about leadership research is irrelevant to leadership effectiveness. Scholarship may not be a prerequisite for leadership effectiveness, but understanding some of the major research findings can help individuals better analyze situations using a variety of perspectives. That, in turn, can give leaders insight about how to be more effective. Even so, because the skill in analyzing and responding to situations varies greatly across leaders, leadership will always remain partly an art as well as a science.

Which of the following is not one of the seven specific steps for creating a high-impact development plans?

Set up regular meetings with your superior.

What describes a kind of learning between the individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions?

Single-loop learning

Define single-loop learning

Single-loop learning exists when learners seek relatively little feedback that significantly confronts their fundamental ideas or actions. There is relatively little public testing of ideas against valid information

Does situation affect leadership?

Some leadership researchers have studied how aspects of a situation affect the ways leaders act. They have extended the viewpoint so far as to suggest there is no such thing as leadership; they argue that organizational successes and failures often get falsely attributed to the leader, but the situation may have a much greater impact on how the organization functions than does any individual, including the leader.

What types of pedagogical elements are commonly used for leadership studies programs?

The pedagogy used to impart different leadership concepts to students can vary greatly. These may include individualized feedback, case studies, role playing, simulations and games. More recently, participants in development programs are placed in unfamiliar situations and presented with physical, emotionally arousing, and often team-oriented challenges.

Are leadership and followership linked?

The question "What is leadership?" cannot be separated from the question "What is followership?" There is no simple dividing line between them; they merge. Yet they are not the same thing; there are some differences between qualities associated with good followership that are different from qualities associated with good leadership.

Identify the main elements of the spiral of experience as discussed in this chapter

The spiral of experience is composed of three main elements: Action (what did you do?), observation (what happened?) and reflection (how do you look at it now?).

Which of the following statements about "common sense" is false?

The term "common sense" implies practical knowledge about life that most people have not yet acquired.

During the third month, leaders of large teams should have second separate meetings with direct reports that are held off site. Which of the following is not one of the key issues that should be discussed with the direct reports during that meeting?

Their perspectives on what the new leader's team does well and could do better.

Which of the following statements is not accurate concerning the development planning process according to research completed by Peterson and Hicks?

There are four phases in the development planning process.

What is the reason behind the usage of the phrase "desirable opportunities" in one of the definitions of leadership?

To distinguish between leadership and tyranny.

Compare and contrast leadership and management.

To many, management suggests words like efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control and consistency. Leadership, on the other hand, is more associated with words like risk taking, dynamic, creativity, change and vision. Some say leadership is about values and doing the right things whereas management is about doing things right. Other differences include the idea that managers administer whereas leaders innovate; managers maintain whereas leaders develop; managers control whereas leaders inspire; managers have a short-term view whereas leaders take a long-term view; managers imitate whereas leaders originate; and managers accept the status quo whereas leaders challenge it. Zaleznik suggests that by nature some people are managers while others are leaders. It's probably best to think of leadership and management as closely related but distinguishable functions. They are overlapping functions wherein although some of the functions performed by leaders and managers may be unique, there is also an area of overlap.

New leaders have two critical tasks the first day on the job: to meet their new boss and new team. Which of the following topics is something that should not be discussed with the new boss?

Your assessment of the team's strengths and weaknesses.

Leadership development is enhanced when experience involves the three processes of

action, observation and reflection

In Bennis's definition of leadership, the word 'subordinate' seems to

confine leadership to downward influence in hierarchical relationships.

Ideal leaders and followers according to a survey were commonly characterized as all of the following except

cooperative

In leaderless group discussions, facilitators and observers rate participants, which are used to provide managers with feedback about their

interpersonal skills

Leadership:

is an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to.

Informal coaching

is used to diagnose why behavioral change is not occurring and what can be done about it.

New leaders should meet one-on-one with direct reports during the first two weeks if the team is

larger than 15 people

According to the new leader onboarding roadmap, within the first two weeks leaders should

meet team members

In an organization, one can gain valuable perspectives and insights through close association with an experienced person willing to take one under his/her wing. Such an individual is often called a

mentor.

The process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage younger organizational colleagues is called

mentoring

Improving interpersonal, oral-communication and written-communication skills are a part of leadership training programs for

mid-level managers