Lecture 3 & 4 CMB 190 Study Guide/ Quiz

When asked by a reporter what they had discovered, Francis Crick famously replied:

"The Secret of Life"

Lecture 3

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Lecture 4:

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Quiz Lectures 3 & 4:

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A covalent bond is formed when:

2 atoms share electrons

The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its nucleus must contain:

6 protons and NO electrons.

Which of the following is not a significant source of complex carbohydrates? A.) fresh fruit B.) rice C.) pasta D.) oatmeal E.) all of the above

A

The order that best represents size from the SMALLEST to the largest biological entities is: A.) all of the answers are correct B.) Ribosomes- Mitochondria- Nuclei -Cells- Tissues C.) Organelles- Tissues-Organs- Organism-Species D.) Atoms-Molecules- Chain Molecules- Molecular Structures- Organelles- Cells E.) Cells-Tissues-Organs- Individual

A All are correct

A Pipetman is:

A molecular biology tool used in the lab to measure small volumes of liquid common in biotechnology.

An ultracentrifuge consists of a rotor that spins tubes containing materials and is:

A tool used by cell biologists for separating and comparing cell components based on size and density.

Changing one amino acid within a protein could change what about that protein?

ALL of the above The primary structure of the protein, the overall shape of the protein, the function of the protein itself, and the sequence of amino acids specified in the DNA sequence called a gene.

The chemical units of information in DNA are:

ATGC

Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA?

Adenine and thymine

The RNA world describes: A.) The possibility of life on other planets where RNA not DNA is the informational molecule. B.) the hypothesis that the informational basis of life on earth was RNA C.) a ecosystem on earth that is dominated by RNA not DNA D.) the scenario of a recent science fiction movie where alien life forms dominate earth because they are based on RNA. E.) All of the answers are correct.

B

All of the following are features of RNA except: A.) a sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate backbone B.) A coiled double-stranded Structure C.) A different type of sugar than is found in DNA D.) An ability ti direct protein production E.) A different type of base than is found in DNA.

B A coiled double-stranded structure.

Difference occurs in the sequence of long chain molecules and becomes information in biological organisms. 'Life' assembles itself into chains: A.) of RNA B.) all of the answers are correct C.) of DNA D.) of protein E.) None of these answers are correct

B All of the answers are correct: DNA, RNA, and Protein

Issues in Biotechnology: Gel electrophoresis allows for: A.) Separation of biological molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins by their charge and size. B.) All of the answers are correct C.) The identification of DNA markers now commonly used in forensics to implicate or exonerate persons accused of various crimes. D.) The rapid visualization of the products of PCR. E.) The acceleration of DNA into cells for genetic engineering purposes.

B ALL

The flow of information of life on earth usually occurs from: A.) the sun B.) DNA to RNA to Protein C.) AA to complex carbs D.) Gas to liquid to solid E.) Primarily viruses

B DNA --> RNA --> Protein

An example of chain molecules would be? A.) Cells B.) Oxygen Molecules C.) Proteins D.) Mitochondria E.) Aspirin

C

Which in the following list includes all others in the list? A.) Polysaccharide B.) Carbohydrate C.) Monosaccharide D.) Disaccharide E.) Carbon

Carbohydrate

Eukaryotic cells:

Contain various membrane bound compartments, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei.

A shortage of phosphorus would make it difficult for an organism to manufacture:

DNA

The human genome is all of our DNA including our genes. What percentage of the human genome consists on genes? A. 50% from our mother and 50% from our father B. 100%, only genes are part of the genome C. 50%, genes and other DNA are equally proportionate in the genome D. None, our genes are not a part of our genome E. less than 10%

E

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a living organism? A.) Capable of genetic info (RNA and/ or DNA) replication. B.) has either DNA or RNA as an info basis C.) complex yet organized. D.) chemical energy storage and utilization E.) relies only on non-organic material

E Relies only on non-organic material

The endosymbiont hypothesis:

Explains the origins of chloroplasts and mitochondria .

Water is split during photosynthesis is plants to yield what to compounds?

Hydrogen and Oxygen

Observation of and wonder at the workings of nature are what initiate "why" and "how" type of questions. Science is a system of:

Hypothesis making and testing to discern and validate observable facts.

Which of the following is not a chemical reaction?

Ice melts to form liquid water.

Cloning a gene:

Is a method used to copy a specific segment of DNA.

A polar molecule:

Is slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end.

Prokaryotic Cells:

Lack a membrane bound nucleus like most bacteria

The double helix structure of DNA that is created by a sequence of bases was a clue to how one molecule of DNA could be replicated into two exact copies. DNA replication results in the same copy of DNA in each cell and:

Occurs before every cell divides.

Enzymes are usually:

PROTEINS

Ribozymes were discovered by Altman and Cech in the 1980's to have catalytic properties. However, most enzymes are usually:

PROTEINS

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for:

Proteins

Proteins are an essential component of a healthy diet for humans (and other animals). Their most common purpose is to serve as:

Raw material for growth.

Water can absorb and store a large amount of heat while only increasing a few degrees in temperature. Why?

The heat must first be used to break the hydrogen bonds rather than raise the temperature.

When we muse about the question "What is Life?" What impresses us at first glance, is its diversity. But we also are interested in its unity. What feature seems to be shared by all living organisms on this planet?

They all contain information that is stored in chain molecules.

In DNA replication an (A) adenine always pairs with:

Thymidine (T)

The major contributions to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure over fifty years ago, although not all were recognized by the Nobel Prize Committee, were made by:

Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin.

When individual cells divide they first make a copy of all the information they carry in their DNA and every cell in an organism usually contains a nearly exact copy of all of the DNA that codes for that organism. However, 'life' creates with mistakes. Every so often cellular mechanisms make errors during the copy process. A mutation:

is a random change in DNA sequence.