Lecture 3 Prof. Wayne

The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a

condyle

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? neural tissue nonstriated muscle tissue connective tissue epithelial tissue striated muscle tissue

connective tissue

The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture.

coronal

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________.

costal cartilages

The ________ ligaments of the knee cross each other as they attach the tibia to the femur.

cruciate

The coronal suture is the boundary between which bones?

frontal and parietal

Which structural feature of the scapula articulates with the humerus?

glenoid cavity

The intervertebral articulations are classified as ________ joints.

gliding and symphysis

A joint that binds each tooth within a bony socket is called a

gomphosis

The joints between the phalanges are classified as

hinges

The trochlea is a structural feature of which bone?

humerus

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include a)maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids. b)absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements. c)facilitating transmission of nerve impulses. d)cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys. e)contracting muscles.

maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the

mandible

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? tibia humerus carpal bones femur mandible

mandible

Bones of the skull that articulate with the nasal bones include (the)

maxillary bone

The patellar ligament connects the patella to the ________ just below the knee joint.

tibial tuberosity

Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.

true

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency.

vitamin D3

Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured?

wrist

The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the

xiphoid process

The bones that form the palms of the hands are the a) carpals b) tarsals c) metacarpals d) metatarsals e) phalanges

metacarpals

The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as levers.

movement

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone.

ossification

Bone-forming cells are called ________.

osteoblasts

Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed

osteoblasts

Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed

osteoclasts

Which of the following is found only in compact bone? trabeculae canaliculi osteoblasts osteons Marrow

osteons

The ________ ligament of the knee continues its attachment on the anterior surface of the tibia and provides support to the front of the knee.

patellar

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the ________ suture.

squamous

Which structural feature of the humerus is a common fracture site?

surgical neck

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called

sutures

A joint that permits no movement and is described as an interposition of cartilage plates is called a

synchondrosis

A fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by a ligamentous connection is a

syndesmosis

Which of the following joints permits slight movement?

syndesmosis

The coxal bone forms by the fusion of which components?

the ilium, ischium, and pubis

________ is a movement that occurs in the anterior-posterior plane and increases the angle between the articulating bones.

Extension

The areas of fibrous connective tissue that exist between cranial bones at birth are called ________.

Fontanels

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

periosteum

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? the skull the manubrium the sternum the scapula the vertebrae

the scapula

Which of the following is most likely to be damaged during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)?

xiphoid process

Humans have ________ pairs of ribs.

12

The appendicular skeleton contains ________ bones.

126

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification:1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface.2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses.3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify.4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity.5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center.The correct order for these events is

3,1,5,4,2

The coccyx is typically composed of ________ fused vertebrae.

3-5

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.

5

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae.

7

Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? a)Calcium salts are found in bone. b)Bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles. c)Red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones. d)The skull encloses the brain. e)Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs

The jugular notch is a structural feature of the ________.

Sternum

Costal facets are distinctive features of ________ vertebrae.

THORACIC

The typical vertebra's ________, projecting laterally or dorsolaterally from the pedicles, serves as a site for muscle attachment.

Transverse Process

A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is

abduction

The depression that receives the head of the femur is the

acetabulum

One role of the fontanels is to

allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth

The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing.

an epiphyseal plate

The anterior connection between the two pubic bones is

an example of a symphysis

An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth.

appositional

Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? a) distal articulation between the tibia and fibula b) articulation between bones of the skull c) shoulder joint d) articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone e) articulation between carpals

articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone

Bones encased within the temporal bone that are involved in sound detection are called

auditory ossicles

Which joint type can perform rotation movements?

ball-and-socket

Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of bone marrow? support storage protection blood cell production movement

blood cell production

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of adipose tissue. new bone. blood cells. osteoblasts. osteocytes.

blood cells

What is defined as a small packet of connective tissue containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction in a joint and acts as a shock absorber?

bursa

The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________.

calcification

Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue? cells protein fibers calcium phosphate osteons polysaccharides

calcium phosphate

Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone.

canaliculi

The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra.

cervical

Moving the arm in a loop is an example of which angular movement?

circumduction

The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by

collagen fibers

The C 1 vertebra forms a pivot joint with the C 2 vertebra through a projection called the ________.

dens

The hormone calcitonin functions to a)stimulate osteoclast activity. b)stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract. c)depress calcium levels in body fluids. d)depress osteoblast activity. e)elevate calcium levels in body fluids.

depress calcium levels in body fluids

The shaft of a long bone is called the ________.

diaphysis

Which of the following associations is most accurate? synarthroses; slightly moveable amphiarthroses; freely moveable diarthroses; synchondroses diarthroses; synovial amphiarthroses; gomphoses

diarthroses; synovial

The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with ________.

endosteum

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

epiphyseal growth has ended

Typical movements at a hinge joint include

extension and flexion

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones is which movement?

flexion

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________.

floating ribs

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed

inversion

The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a(n)

joint capsule

The fibular collateral ligament is part of which joint?

knee

Which suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones?

lambdoid

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a

larger pelvic outlet

Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called ________.

ligaments

The bones of the limbs are classified as A) short bones. B) long bones. C) flat bones. D) sesamoid bones. E) irregular bones.

long bones

Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk? lumbar thoracic sacral cervical cervical and sacral

lumbar

A crest on a bone is defined as a(n)

prominent ridge

In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called ________.

pronation

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called ________.

protraction

The fibula a) forms an important part of the knee joint b) articulates with the femur c) helps to bear the weight of the body d) provides lateral stability to the ankle e) is the medial bone of the leg

provides lateral stability to the ankle

Choose the distinctive feature of lumbar vertebrae

relatively massive, stumpy spinous process that projects posteriorly

A compound fracture

results in bone projecting through the skin

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? clavicle patella carpal bones ribs coxal bones

ribs

Which of the following is a carpal bone? a) navicular b) cuneiform c) calcaneous d) talus e) scaphoid

scaphoid

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed

scoliosis

The pituitary gland is located in the

sella turcica

The hyoid bone a)serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx. b)provides a site for the attachment of muscles that rotate or extend the head. c)marks the point of articulation with the lower jaw. d)contributes to the nasal septum. e)is the attachment point for the temporalis muscle.

serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx.

The ankle consists of _________ tarsal bones

seven

Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones.

short

The ________ joint is the most frequently dislocated joint of the body as it provides an excellent demonstration of the principle that stability must be sacrificed to obtain mobility.

shoulder

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?

shoulder

Which structural feature(s) of the knee function(s) in limiting the anterior and posterior movement of the femur?

cruciate ligaments