Lecture 3 Prof. Wayne
The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a
condyle
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? neural tissue nonstriated muscle tissue connective tissue epithelial tissue striated muscle tissue
connective tissue
The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture.
coronal
True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________.
costal cartilages
The ________ ligaments of the knee cross each other as they attach the tibia to the femur.
cruciate
The coronal suture is the boundary between which bones?
frontal and parietal
Which structural feature of the scapula articulates with the humerus?
glenoid cavity
The intervertebral articulations are classified as ________ joints.
gliding and symphysis
A joint that binds each tooth within a bony socket is called a
gomphosis
The joints between the phalanges are classified as
hinges
The trochlea is a structural feature of which bone?
humerus
Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include a)maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids. b)absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements. c)facilitating transmission of nerve impulses. d)cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys. e)contracting muscles.
maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids
The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the
mandible
Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? tibia humerus carpal bones femur mandible
mandible
Bones of the skull that articulate with the nasal bones include (the)
maxillary bone
The patellar ligament connects the patella to the ________ just below the knee joint.
tibial tuberosity
Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.
true
Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency.
vitamin D3
Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured?
wrist
The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the
xiphoid process
The bones that form the palms of the hands are the a) carpals b) tarsals c) metacarpals d) metatarsals e) phalanges
metacarpals
The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as levers.
movement
During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone.
ossification
Bone-forming cells are called ________.
osteoblasts
Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed
osteoblasts
Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed
osteoclasts
Which of the following is found only in compact bone? trabeculae canaliculi osteoblasts osteons Marrow
osteons
The ________ ligament of the knee continues its attachment on the anterior surface of the tibia and provides support to the front of the knee.
patellar
The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the ________ suture.
squamous
Which structural feature of the humerus is a common fracture site?
surgical neck
Skull bones are joined by tight connections called
sutures
A joint that permits no movement and is described as an interposition of cartilage plates is called a
synchondrosis
A fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by a ligamentous connection is a
syndesmosis
Which of the following joints permits slight movement?
syndesmosis
The coxal bone forms by the fusion of which components?
the ilium, ischium, and pubis
________ is a movement that occurs in the anterior-posterior plane and increases the angle between the articulating bones.
Extension
The areas of fibrous connective tissue that exist between cranial bones at birth are called ________.
Fontanels
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)
periosteum
Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? the skull the manubrium the sternum the scapula the vertebrae
the scapula
Which of the following is most likely to be damaged during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)?
xiphoid process
Humans have ________ pairs of ribs.
12
The appendicular skeleton contains ________ bones.
126
The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification:1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface.2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses.3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify.4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity.5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center.The correct order for these events is
3,1,5,4,2
The coccyx is typically composed of ________ fused vertebrae.
3-5
The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.
5
The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae.
7
Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? a)Calcium salts are found in bone. b)Bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles. c)Red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones. d)The skull encloses the brain. e)Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.
Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs
The jugular notch is a structural feature of the ________.
Sternum
Costal facets are distinctive features of ________ vertebrae.
THORACIC
The typical vertebra's ________, projecting laterally or dorsolaterally from the pedicles, serves as a site for muscle attachment.
Transverse Process
A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is
abduction
The depression that receives the head of the femur is the
acetabulum
One role of the fontanels is to
allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth
The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing.
an epiphyseal plate
The anterior connection between the two pubic bones is
an example of a symphysis
An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth.
appositional
Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? a) distal articulation between the tibia and fibula b) articulation between bones of the skull c) shoulder joint d) articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone e) articulation between carpals
articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone
Bones encased within the temporal bone that are involved in sound detection are called
auditory ossicles
Which joint type can perform rotation movements?
ball-and-socket
Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of bone marrow? support storage protection blood cell production movement
blood cell production
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of adipose tissue. new bone. blood cells. osteoblasts. osteocytes.
blood cells
What is defined as a small packet of connective tissue containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction in a joint and acts as a shock absorber?
bursa
The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________.
calcification
Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue? cells protein fibers calcium phosphate osteons polysaccharides
calcium phosphate
Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone.
canaliculi
The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra.
cervical
Moving the arm in a loop is an example of which angular movement?
circumduction
The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by
collagen fibers
The C 1 vertebra forms a pivot joint with the C 2 vertebra through a projection called the ________.
dens
The hormone calcitonin functions to a)stimulate osteoclast activity. b)stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract. c)depress calcium levels in body fluids. d)depress osteoblast activity. e)elevate calcium levels in body fluids.
depress calcium levels in body fluids
The shaft of a long bone is called the ________.
diaphysis
Which of the following associations is most accurate? synarthroses; slightly moveable amphiarthroses; freely moveable diarthroses; synchondroses diarthroses; synovial amphiarthroses; gomphoses
diarthroses; synovial
The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with ________.
endosteum
The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates
epiphyseal growth has ended
Typical movements at a hinge joint include
extension and flexion
Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones is which movement?
flexion
Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________.
floating ribs
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed
inversion
The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a(n)
joint capsule
The fibular collateral ligament is part of which joint?
knee
Which suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones?
lambdoid
Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a
larger pelvic outlet
Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called ________.
ligaments
The bones of the limbs are classified as A) short bones. B) long bones. C) flat bones. D) sesamoid bones. E) irregular bones.
long bones
Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk? lumbar thoracic sacral cervical cervical and sacral
lumbar
A crest on a bone is defined as a(n)
prominent ridge
In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called ________.
pronation
Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called ________.
protraction
The fibula a) forms an important part of the knee joint b) articulates with the femur c) helps to bear the weight of the body d) provides lateral stability to the ankle e) is the medial bone of the leg
provides lateral stability to the ankle
Choose the distinctive feature of lumbar vertebrae
relatively massive, stumpy spinous process that projects posteriorly
A compound fracture
results in bone projecting through the skin
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? clavicle patella carpal bones ribs coxal bones
ribs
Which of the following is a carpal bone? a) navicular b) cuneiform c) calcaneous d) talus e) scaphoid
scaphoid
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed
scoliosis
The pituitary gland is located in the
sella turcica
The hyoid bone a)serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx. b)provides a site for the attachment of muscles that rotate or extend the head. c)marks the point of articulation with the lower jaw. d)contributes to the nasal septum. e)is the attachment point for the temporalis muscle.
serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx.
The ankle consists of _________ tarsal bones
seven
Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones.
short
The ________ joint is the most frequently dislocated joint of the body as it provides an excellent demonstration of the principle that stability must be sacrificed to obtain mobility.
shoulder
Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?
shoulder
Which structural feature(s) of the knee function(s) in limiting the anterior and posterior movement of the femur?
cruciate ligaments