Lecture 7-

What are the lymphatic system's main functions?

Immunity, absorption of lipids, fluid recovery

Where is lymph found?

In lymphatic vessels

Where are lymphatic vessels found?

In most body tissues, except the CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow

Choose all the tissues that lack lymphatic vessels.

-Bone marrow -Cartilage -Cornea

Choose all the cells that function as antigen presenting cells.

-Dendritic cells -Macrophages

The cisterna chyli, which denotes the beginning of the thoracic duct, is formed by the convergence of which lymphatic trunks?

-Lumbar -Intestinal

Choose all body system the thymus is considered part of.

-Lymphatic system -Endocrine system -Immune system

Choose all that are features of lymphatic vessels.

-Smooth muscle is present in the vessel wall -Valves are present -A tunica interna is present

Choose all the factors that cause or contribute to the flow of lymph.

-The respiratory pump -The skeletal muscle pump -Valves

Choose all that natural killer cells attack.

-Transplanted tissues -Virus infected host cells -Bacteria -Cancerous cells

Place the structures that lymph flows through a lymph node in order from top to bottom.

1) Afferent lymphatic vessel 2) Subcapsular sinus of the cortex 3) Sinuses of cortex and medulla 4) Efferent lymphatic vessel

Place the flow of fluid in order, beginning with blood in the blood capillaries.

1) Blood capillaries (blood) 2) Interstitial spaces (insterstitial fluid) 3) Lymphatic capillaries (lymph) 4) Lymphatic vessels (lymph) 5) Lymphatic ducts (lymph) 6) Subclavian veins (blood)

How many lymphatic trunks are normally found in the body?

11

A typical adult has about how many lymph nodes?

450

Which describes lymphatic capillaries?

Closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells

True or false: Both lymphatic tissues and lymphatic organs have distinct connective tissue capsules surrounding them.

False

True or false: Lymph is propelled through the lymphatic system by the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

False

True or false: Lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells.

False

Where in a lymph node do B-cells undergo proliferation, differentiation, and activation?

Germinal center

Which area of the spleen is penetrated by the splenic artery and vein?

Hilum

Old and defective erythrocytes are removed from circulation in what part of the spleen?

Red pulp

Which cells produce the stroma of lymphatic organs?

Reticular cells

Which collecting duct drains lymph from the head, the right arm, and the right side of the thorax?

Right lymphatic duct

Which collecting duct receives the least amount of lymph?

Right lymphatic duct

Which class of lymphocyte matures in the thymus?

T cells

What is the function of a lacteal?

To absorb lipids from digested food

What are patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens called?

Tonsils

A cell that phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system is a(n) ______ cell.

antigen presenting

Collecting vessels are formed by the convergence of several lymphatic

capillaries

Lymphatic vessels are absent from ______.

cartilage and bone

What do lymphatic trunks converge to form?

collecting ducts

Lymphatic nodules are located in the ______ of the lymph node.

cortex

Which is a component of the lymphatic system that transports lymph?

lymphatic vessel

Lymph leaving the lymph nodes contains a large number of ______.

lymphocytes

Cells derived from monocytes that function as phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells are called_____

macrophages

The_______ killer cell is a lymphatic cell that functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells.

natural

A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph____

node

A cell that produces antibodies is called a(n)______ cell.

plasma

Dendritic cells engulf foreign matter by ______.

receptor-mediated endocytosis

B cells are produced from hematopoietic stem cells in the ______bone marrow.

red

Sinuses filled with concentrated erythrocytes make up the ______ pulp of the spleen.

red

The branched_____ cells help form the connective tissue framework of the thymus.

reticular

The two collecting ducts are the ______ ducts.

right and thoracic

The spleen and lymph nodes are classified as ______ lymphatic organs.

secondary

The large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney is the_____

spleen

The organ that is the site of T-cell maturation is the ______.

thymus

The organ where T-cells mature is the ______.

thymus

What are patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens called?

tonsils

The overlapping edges of the endothelial cells of a lymphatic capillary act as ______.

valves

Lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to which of the following?

veins

The____pulp is the portion of the spleen surrounding the splenic artery, which consists of lymphocytes and macrophages monitoring for blood-borne pathogens.

white

Which bone marrow is mainly adipose tissue?

yellow

The largest type of lymphatic vessel, which deposits lymph into the subclavian veins, is called a collecting_______

duct

An area within the lymph node and spleen where B cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation occurs is called a(n) ____center.

germinal

The specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines are the

lacteals

The fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which originates as tissue fluid, is called___________

lymph

Lymph enters a lymph node via ______ vessels and exits a lymph node via ______ vessels.

afferent, efferent

What are mucosal associated lymphatic tissues?

Aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes

The lymphocyte that mediates humoral immune responses and differentiates into antibody-producing plasma cells is the ______.

B cell

Which cells are highly branched APCs found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissues?

Dendritic cells

Distinct connective tissue capsules surround which of the following?

Lymphatic organs

Which body system maintains fluid balance, absorbs lipids, and protects the body against pathogens?

Lymphatic system

Which component of the lymphatic system consists of unencapsulated aggregates of lymphocytes within many organs of the body?

Lymphatic tissues

What do lymphatic collecting vessels converge to form?

Lymphatic trunks

What does MALT stand for?

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

Red bone marrow

Which primary lymphoid organ is the site of B cell maturation?

Red bone marrow

When does interstitial fluid become lymphatic fluid?

When it enters the lymphatic capillaries