Lecture Exam 2
How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton?
206
At what age are all bones normally ossified?
25 years
The distal end of the radius articulates with how many bones of the wrist?
3
The female pelvis is ___ , than the male pelvis.
All of the above
The carpometacarpal joint consists of:
Base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone
is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.
Bone remodeling
The largest of the tarsal bones is the:
Calcaneus
An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?
Calcitonin and calcitriol
Which is not a tarsal bone?
Capitate
Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton?
Carpals
In which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?
Childhood and adolescence
During adulthood, which of the following does NOT contribute to bone remodeling and growth?
Enzymes
the _______ is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.
Epiphyseal disc
the ____ bone is spongelike in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits.
Ethmoid
is a small, smooth area on a bone.
Facet
A boy's bones are usually ossified by age 18.
False
A person's bones are usually ossified by age 16.
False
During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days.
False
In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme.
False
Ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ________
False
Short bones have greater length than width.
False
The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.
False
The diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone.
False
The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle.
False
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits.
False
The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong.
False
The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column.
False
Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
False
The hip joint is comprised of the
Femur and acetabulum
are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone.
Lacunae
Of the following, which are the largest vertebrae?
Lumbar
A hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the
Medullary cavity
_______ arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and, together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses.
Metaphyseal
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found:
Midpoint of the shaft.
These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.
Occipital condyles
What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae?
Odontoid process
The type of bone fracture characterized by the broken ends of the bone protruding through the skin is known as a(n)
Open (Compound fracture)
Bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called
Osteoblast
What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone?
Osteocyte
Put the bones cells in order of their maturation from unspecialized to specialized.
Osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes
This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch
Radial notch
is a branch; one of the divisions of a forked structure.
Ramus
Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with?
Sacrum
is a sharp process of bone.
Spine
Elevated round process of a bone
Spinous process
Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?
Strangulation
These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.
Temporal
Which of the following is not true?
The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles.
Which of the following is NOT true statement regarding the male and female pelvis?
The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.
following is true?
There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?
Tibia
Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____.
Trabeculae
Which of the following is not found in compact bone.
Trabeculae
are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone.
Trabeculae
a ______ is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur.
Trochanter
Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?
Trochlear notch
Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood.
True
Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones.
True
Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk.
True
Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region.
True
Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline.
True
Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate.
True
The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.
True
The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories: facial bones and cranial bones.
True
The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones.
True
The replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification.
True
Cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of
Two transverse foramen
must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine.
Vitamin D
The ulna:
articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
The function of vertebral processes is
attachment site for muscles
Endochondral ossification involves forming bones ____ , whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones ____
by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane.
Bone reduction
can be open or closed
All of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except
carbohydrate storage
This is the shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle.
epicondyle
This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.
epiphysis
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?
femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are
flat
Which type of bone is the occipital?
flat bone
______ is a furrow or shallow depression.
fossa
is a pit or cup-like depression.
fovea
____ stimulates IGF which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.
growth hormone
is the proximal end of a bone.
head
The glenohumeral joint includes:
humerus and scapula
Which of the following hipbones is superior?
ilium
In the process of ________ , bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes.
intramembranous ossification
The bones of the vertebrae are an example of ____
irregular bones
The vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ____
irregular bones
Which of the following is not true for red marrow?
it can change to yellow marrow, Stores fat, produces osteocytes
Which of the following is true for red marrow?
it produces erythrocytes
Which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?
it produces red blood cells
Which list contains only facial bones?
lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible
Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along
lines of stress
Which type of bone is the femur?
long bone
This facial bone articulates with teeth.
maxillae
Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible?
maxillae
passage or opening.
meatus
Which of the following factors affect bone remodeling and
minerals vitamins hormones
The clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternoclavicular joint?
munubrium
On the proximal end of the humerus is found:
none of the above
The coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called:
none of the above
The following is/are attachment sites on the clavicle.
none of the above
Bone-building cells are called
osetoblast
The process of bone formation is referred to as
ossification
These are considered bone-building cells.
osteoblasts
These are considered bone-dissolving cells.
osteoclast
are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resorption.
osteoclast
Which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast?
osteogenic cell
Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?
parathyroid
Which of the following hormones helps raise blood calcium levels?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue.
process
A vitamin A deficiency results in ____, whereas a vitamin D deficiency results in ____
retardation of bone development; rickets.
A vitamin D deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in ____
rickets; slender fragile bones.
Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae?
scapula
The patella is an example of a ____ bone.
sesamoid
This is a bone located within ankles or wrists.
short bone
_____ is a cavity within a bone
sinus
A vitamin C deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ____
slender fragile bones; retardation of bone development.
This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.
sternal end
What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?
sternoclavicular joint
Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin (CT)?
thyroid gland
a small rounded elevation or eminence on a bone.
tubercle
Which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue?
tuberosity
Which is the longer bone?
ulna
During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the _____ undergo mitosis
zone of proliferating cartilage
The two bones that form the prominences of the cheeks as well as part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit are the
zygomatic bones
Which ridge serves as an attachment point for tendons of the thigh muscles?
Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera
This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is usually seen in children.
Greenstick
A _____ is a long narrow channel, depression, or furrow.
Groove
Which of the following is not found in spongy bone.
Haversian canals
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____.
Hyaline cartilage
Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?
Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
Growth hormone stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.
IGF
When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?
Increasing the rate of bone deposition
Which of the following is true of the radius?
It articulates with the lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum at the wrist.
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint.
Articular cartilage
This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
Clavicle
When placed under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of __________(50 %) fibers by _________
Collagen, Stress
contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue.
Compact bone
is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation.
Condyle
The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
Fibula
A _____ is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit.
Fissure
The scapula is an examples of a ____ bone.
Flat
What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?
Floating ribs
The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as
Fontanels
An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass is called a ______
Foramen