Lecture Exam 2

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton?

206

At what age are all bones normally ossified?

25 years

The distal end of the radius articulates with how many bones of the wrist?

3

The female pelvis is ___ , than the male pelvis.

All of the above

The carpometacarpal joint consists of:

Base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone

is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.

Bone remodeling

The largest of the tarsal bones is the:

Calcaneus

An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?

Calcitonin and calcitriol

Which is not a tarsal bone?

Capitate

Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton?

Carpals

In which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?

Childhood and adolescence

During adulthood, which of the following does NOT contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

Enzymes

the _______ is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.

Epiphyseal disc

the ____ bone is spongelike in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits.

Ethmoid

is a small, smooth area on a bone.

Facet

A boy's bones are usually ossified by age 18.

False

A person's bones are usually ossified by age 16.

False

During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days.

False

In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme.

False

Ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ________

False

Short bones have greater length than width.

False

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

False

The diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone.

False

The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle.

False

The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits.

False

The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong.

False

The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column.

False

Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

False

The hip joint is comprised of the

Femur and acetabulum

are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone.

Lacunae

Of the following, which are the largest vertebrae?

Lumbar

A hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the

Medullary cavity

_______ arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and, together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses.

Metaphyseal

The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found:

Midpoint of the shaft.

These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.

Occipital condyles

What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae?

Odontoid process

The type of bone fracture characterized by the broken ends of the bone protruding through the skin is known as a(n)

Open (Compound fracture)

Bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called

Osteoblast

What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone?

Osteocyte

Put the bones cells in order of their maturation from unspecialized to specialized.

Osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes

This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch

Radial notch

is a branch; one of the divisions of a forked structure.

Ramus

Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with?

Sacrum

is a sharp process of bone.

Spine

Elevated round process of a bone

Spinous process

Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?

Strangulation

These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.

Temporal

Which of the following is not true?

The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles.

Which of the following is NOT true statement regarding the male and female pelvis?

The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.

following is true?

There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

Tibia

Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____.

Trabeculae

Which of the following is not found in compact bone.

Trabeculae

are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone.

Trabeculae

a ______ is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur.

Trochanter

Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?

Trochlear notch

Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood.

True

Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones.

True

Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk.

True

Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region.

True

Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline.

True

Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate.

True

The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

True

The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories: facial bones and cranial bones.

True

The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones.

True

The replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification.

True

Cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of

Two transverse foramen

must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine.

Vitamin D

The ulna:

articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

The function of vertebral processes is

attachment site for muscles

Endochondral ossification involves forming bones ____ , whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones ____

by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane.

Bone reduction

can be open or closed

All of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except

carbohydrate storage

This is the shaft of a long bone.

diaphysis

the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle.

epicondyle

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

epiphysis

Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?

femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are

flat

Which type of bone is the occipital?

flat bone

______ is a furrow or shallow depression.

fossa

is a pit or cup-like depression.

fovea

____ stimulates IGF which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.

growth hormone

is the proximal end of a bone.

head

The glenohumeral joint includes:

humerus and scapula

Which of the following hipbones is superior?

ilium

In the process of ________ , bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes.

intramembranous ossification

The bones of the vertebrae are an example of ____

irregular bones

The vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ____

irregular bones

Which of the following is not true for red marrow?

it can change to yellow marrow, Stores fat, produces osteocytes

Which of the following is true for red marrow?

it produces erythrocytes

Which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?

it produces red blood cells

Which list contains only facial bones?

lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along

lines of stress

Which type of bone is the femur?

long bone

This facial bone articulates with teeth.

maxillae

Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible?

maxillae

passage or opening.

meatus

Which of the following factors affect bone remodeling and

minerals vitamins hormones

The clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternoclavicular joint?

munubrium

On the proximal end of the humerus is found:

none of the above

The coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called:

none of the above

The following is/are attachment sites on the clavicle.

none of the above

Bone-building cells are called

osetoblast

The process of bone formation is referred to as

ossification

These are considered bone-building cells.

osteoblasts

These are considered bone-dissolving cells.

osteoclast

are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resorption.

osteoclast

Which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast?

osteogenic cell

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

parathyroid

Which of the following hormones helps raise blood calcium levels?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue.

process

A vitamin A deficiency results in ____, whereas a vitamin D deficiency results in ____

retardation of bone development; rickets.

A vitamin D deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in ____

rickets; slender fragile bones.

Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae?

scapula

The patella is an example of a ____ bone.

sesamoid

This is a bone located within ankles or wrists.

short bone

_____ is a cavity within a bone

sinus

A vitamin C deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ____

slender fragile bones; retardation of bone development.

This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

sternal end

What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?

sternoclavicular joint

Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin (CT)?

thyroid gland

a small rounded elevation or eminence on a bone.

tubercle

Which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue?

tuberosity

Which is the longer bone?

ulna

During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the _____ undergo mitosis

zone of proliferating cartilage

The two bones that form the prominences of the cheeks as well as part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit are the

zygomatic bones

Which ridge serves as an attachment point for tendons of the thigh muscles?

Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is usually seen in children.

Greenstick

A _____ is a long narrow channel, depression, or furrow.

Groove

Which of the following is not found in spongy bone.

Haversian canals

The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____.

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?

Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.

Growth hormone stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.

IGF

When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?

Increasing the rate of bone deposition

Which of the following is true of the radius?

It articulates with the lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum at the wrist.

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint.

Articular cartilage

This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.

Clavicle

When placed under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of __________(50 %) fibers by _________

Collagen, Stress

contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue.

Compact bone

is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation.

Condyle

The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?

Fibula

A _____ is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit.

Fissure

The scapula is an examples of a ____ bone.

Flat

What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?

Floating ribs

The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as

Fontanels

An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass is called a ______

Foramen


Set pelajaran terkait

Information Retention and Access

View Set

Study For AP World History Final

View Set