Lesson 1 Study Quiz

In which year did the first non-White person become president of the American Psychological Association?

1970

The notion that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa is consistent with the views of:

Aristotole

A husband and wife observe a toddler throwing a temper tantrum at a toy store. The husband comments under his breath, "What an annoying little beast!" His wife, noticing that the mother of the toddler just gave the boy a toy to calm him down, states "It's not his fault. He's behaving exactly as _____ would predict."

B. F. Skinner

In his best-selling book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, _____ argued that behavior is determined by its consequences and that free will is an illusion.

B. F. Skinner

Who invented a conditioning chamber in which rats pressed levers to earn food rewards?

B. F. Skinner

_____ is described as the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.

Behaviorism

_____ believed that the mind and body are different from each other, and linked by the pineal gland

Descartes.

Dee and Soleila watch a YouTube clip of "Mrs. Memory" reciting pi for thousands of digits. Dee is impressed but Soleila wonders if Mrs. Memory can remember what her husband asked her to purchase at the grocery store. Soleila's concern echoes _____ critique of the research of _____

Frederic Bartlett's; Hermann Ebbinghaus

When you go to a movie theater that uses film projection, you might see the fast movement of a superhero flying through the air. What you are really seeing is a series of still photographs flashed quickly onto the screen. What area of psychology studied this phenomenon?

Gestalt

Solomon Asch was a social psychologist whose research interests were shaped, in part, by the:

Holocaust

Beginning in the 1950s, behaviorism began to receive intense criticism. Which statement is NOT one of the criticisms against behaviorism?

It uses subjective measures in its research.

A cognitive psychologist who argued that it wasn't an environmental stimulus, but rather the subjective experience—or construal—of the stimulus that led to behavior, was:

Kurt Lewin

_____ developed a "field theory" that viewed social behavior as governed by forces both internal and external to the individual.

Kurt Lewin

The first laboratory devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study opened in

Leipzig in 1879.

Who was the first woman to receive a PhD degree in psychology?

Margaret Floy Washburn

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Measure the speed of a nervous impulse

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Measure the speed of a nervous impulse.

Which linguist published a devastating critique of Skinner's theory of language development?

Noam Chomsky

Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or inborn?

Plato

How might an evolutionary psychologist explain the fact that people tend to enjoy high-fat foods?

When food was scarce in our ancestral past, people who ate high-fat food tended to obtain the calories that they needed to survive and, ultimately, reproduce.

One of the first psychologists interested in the contributions of culture to psychology was

Wilhelm Wundt

A participant seated in an otherwise dark room stares at the flickering of a lit candle and reports on her subjective experiences, such as the visual experience of the candle flickering and the hepatic sensation of warmth. The psychologist conducting this experiment is most likely to be _____, and the method being used is _____.

Wundt; introspection

Julie believes that the society in which one grows up does not have an impact on psychological issues. Which approach BEST fits her view?

absolutism

Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain.

Whereas Wundt was interested in the relationship between the elements of consciousness, Titchener was interested in identifying the:

basic elements themselves.

An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior is called:

behaviorism

You don't know what she thinks, but you know how she acts." This statement characterizes what approach?

behaviorism

Research using scanning technology of the brain has demonstrated that when a person who has been deaf from birth learns American Sign Language at an early age, that person uses _____ hemisphere when communicating with American Sign Language.

both the right and the left

Psychoanalysis focuses on:

bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness

Psychologists work in a wide variety of settings, but the largest percentage work in

clinical settings.

The scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning, is called: Selected Answer:

cognitive psychology

In the 1950s, the advent of computers had an enormous influence on how psychologists conceptualized the mind. In this conceptualization, the mind was analogous to:

computer software

Which topic is LEAST likely to be studied by cognitive psychologists?

conformity

Brice travels to remote places and examines how the people live. He pays particular attention to their values and traditions. What type of psychologist is Brice?

cultural

Values, traditions, and beliefs that are shared by a particular group of people are called

culture

Edward Titchener is known for:

establishing structuralism in the United States

What type of psychology explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection?

evolutionary psychology

Although all 32 of the founding members of the American Psychological Association were White and male, today about half of all APA members are

female

The study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling us to adapt to our enviornment is called:

functionalism

Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes

functionalism

William James was a noted:

functionalist.

The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called

humanistic

Errors of perception, memory, or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective relativity are called:

illusions

Jeff thinks it would be beneficial for his employees to attend a seminar on how to become more productive at work. Which type of psychologist would conduct this seminar?

industrial/organizational psychologist

Presented with a stimulus, student observers in Wundt's lab were asked to report on their "raw" sensory experience, a technique known as:

introspection

The defining feature of a "hub science" is a science that:

links with and influences smaller subfields.

In the early 1940s, the pressing need of the _____ for more research on attention, memory, and decision making was an early impetus behind the movement away from behaviorism.

military

After conducting repeated experiments in which he first trained rats to navigate a maze and then removed tiny sections of their brains to see if that brain region eliminated learning, Lashley reported that

no one brain region seemed to uniquely and reliably eliminate maze learning

The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in:

philosophy.

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with the:

production of speech

Cliff's therapist prescribes Xanax to treat his anxiety. Cliff's therapist is probably a:

psychiatrist.

Hermann von Helmholtz is to _____ as Wilhelm Wundt is to _____

reaction time; structuralism

Jamie suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area. Jamie will have problems:

reading out loud.

Sandy's children would accidentally drop pieces of food under the table during family dinners, so Sandy's dog, Lola, learned to sit under the dinner table as a good place to receive food. Lola's behavior has been influenced by:

reinforcement

The belief that psychological phenomena are likely to vary considerably across cultures and should be viewed only in the context of a specific culture is in accordance with:

relativism

George Miller discovered that we can briefly hold in memory only about _____ (give or take two) pieces of information at any given time.

seven

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality is called:

social psychology

If you are having trouble finding your cat, you may try shaking the can that contains its treats. The sound of the treats as you shake the can would be a:

stimulus

The behaviorism of John Watson has been described as _____ psychology.

stimulus-response

The unpredictable nature of results from introspection contributed to the decline of:

structuralism

The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind is:

structuralism.

Gordon Allport was a social psychologist whose research interests on stereotyping were shaped, in large part, by:

the American civil rights movement.

Which of these did NOT contribute to the development of social psychology in its early years?

the invention of the computer

Research using scanning technology of the brain has demonstrated that _____ hemisphere of the brain is activated when a person who hears normally uses American Sign Language to communicate

the left

Kayla doesn't know it yet, but she has just contracted a stomach virus from her roommate, Beverly. Kayla puts on a new dress and goes on a first date with Jermaine, where they eat oysters. Later that night, Kayla becomes violently ill. Kayla is most likely to associate the sickness with:

the oysters.

In one experiment, Wundt instructed participants in one group to concentrate on perceiving a tone when it sounded before pressing a button. Participants in another group were simply instructed to press the button as soon as the tone sounded. Wundt found that participants in the first group responded slightly more slowly. This experiment was designed to distinguish between:

the perception and interpretation of a stimulus.

Gordon Allport proposed that prejudice was:

the result of a perceptual error.

Gestalt psychologists believed that:

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Psychologist Kurt Lewin used a special mathematical theory called _____ to model the subjective experiences of the mind.

topology

Freud termed the _____ as the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.

unconscious

In the late 1800s, Charcot and Janet noted that symptoms of hysteria were eliminated when patients

were hynotized

The Association for Psychological Science was formed:

when academic psychologists wanted an organization that focused on the needs of psychologists carrying out scientific research.

he term "patient" is to psychoanalysis as the term "client" is to:

humanism

The problem of dualism refers to how:

mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behavior.

The American Psychological Association was originally made up of academic psychologists; today nearly _____ percent of its members work in clinical and health-related settings

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