Lesson 2

Which of the following best describes a reason that ionic compounds tend to be brittle?

A force strong enough to push ions out of alignment results in like-charged ions being next to each other.

Which statements about the formation of ionic bonds in sodium chloride are true?

A sodium atom transfers its valence electron to a chlorine atom. The oppositely charged ions attract each other in an ionic bond.

Which statements describe the structure of a crystal of sodium chloride?

Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions. The crystal has an overall cubic arrangement. The ions are present in a one-to-one ratio.

Which statement about how ion size affects lattice energy is true?

Smaller ions produce greater lattice energies.

Which is any three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles in which each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by positive ions?

a crystal lattice

In an ionic compound, positive and negative ions are packed into a regular repeating pattern that balances the forces of _______ and _____ between the ions.

attraction repulsion

These diagrams show why ionic compounds tend to be _______

brittle

Which physical properties are typical of ionic compounds?

conduct electricity when dissolved hard and brittle have high melting and boiling points do not conduct electricity as solids

Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

contain a metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion contain only two different elements

An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current is called a(n) ___

electrolyte

What is an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current?

electrolyte

Every chemical process is either exothermic or endothermic. The formation of ionic compounds from positive ions and negative ions is always

exothermic

True or false: Smaller ions produce weaker interionic attractions and smaller lattice energies.

false

Ionic bonds require a _____ amount of energy to be broken apart because ionic bonds are relatively _____ Thus, ionic crystals have _____ melting and boiling points.

greater strong high

Minerals that contain fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide ions are called ______ Minerals containing anions made up of silicon and oxygen are called _____

halides silicates

The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound is referred to as a(n)

ionic bond

Which of these ionic compounds are binary?

magnesium chloride, MgCl2 sodium chloride, NaCl magnesium oxide, MgO

The energy required to separate 1 mol of the ions of an ionic compound is referred to as the _______

lattice energy

Which are mainly responsible for determining the physical properties of ionic compounds?

their unique physical structures their ionic bonds

Which statements about the conductivity of ionic compounds are true?

Ionic compounds in the solid state do not conduct an electric current. For an ionic compound to conduct an electric current, its ions must be able to move. Ionic compounds in liquid solutions conduct electric current.

Which of these descriptions match the physical structure of an ionic compound?

Ions form a regular repeating pattern. The pattern of ions results in a balance between the forces of attraction and repulsion. Ions exist in a ratio that results in an overall charge of zero for the compound.

Which statement about how ion charge affects lattice energy is true?

Larger charges generally result in a greater lattice energy.

Because ionic bonds are relatively strong, ionic compounds tend to be ______.

hard and rigid

Ions with larger positive or negative charges generally result in a _____ lattice energy

higher

Typical ionic compounds have _____ melting and boiling points

higher

Ionic crystals have high melting points and high boiling points because ______.

ionic bonds are relatively strong

Compounds that contain ionic bonds are____

ionic compound

Binary ionic compounds contain only two different ______ They contain a metallic _______ and a nonmetallic _______

ions cation anion

In terms of energy change, the formation of ionic compounds from positive ions and negative ions ______.

is always exothermic

If ionic bonds occur between metals and the nonmetal oxygen,_______ from. Most other ionic compounds are called _____

oxides salts

Which is a binary ionic compound?

potassium bromide, KBr

When an ionic compound is in the ____ state or is dissolved in a ____ it conducts electricity because the ions are free to move around. Ionic compounds in the ______ state do not conduct electricity because the ions are locked in position.

liquid solution, solvent, or liquid solid

The two main types of ionic compounds are ______.

oxides and salts

In a crystal of sodium chloride, NaCl, each sodium ion is surrounded by ______ negative chloride ions, and each chloride ion is surrounded by. _______ positive sodium ions.

six six

Sodium chloride forms when a ______ atom transfers its valence electron to a_________ atom and the oppositely charged ions attract each other in a(n)________ bond

sodium chlorine ionic

The physical properties of ionic compounds are determined by the nature of the bonds between ions and the unique physical ______ that form as a result.

structures