Life Cycle Final

After experiencing a very healthy pregnancy, Julianne delivered a healthy 8.5 pound baby boy. Approximately how much would you expect the placenta to weight?

1.4 lbs.

Mr Snyder is 84 years old and consumes 1800 kcals/day. How much fluid would you recommend Mr.Snyder consume each day?

1800 mL

In the US what percentage of women initiate breastfeeding

75%

The fasted growing segment of the elderly population is?

>85 years old

The major finding of he nun study is

A positive attitude and keeping mentally active throughout life will decrease the risk of developing ALzheimer's disease

Which of the following is NOT a socioeconomic characteristic of the elderly population?

Approximately 25% of the elderly live in long term care facilities.

Which of the following does NOT occur during the catabolic phase of pregnancy?

Blood volume expansion

Which of the following is NOT a cruciferous vegetable?

Carrots

Which of the following characteristics would NOT be considered a risk factor for diabetes in pregnant women?

Caucasian race

Research has indicated that the dietary factors associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer include all of the following EXCEPT?

Decreasing intake of DHA and EPA fatty acids

Which of the following is recommended for women who have HIV and are pregnant?

Delivering her infant by cesarean section

Which of the following statements is TRUE in regard to the elderly?

Diminished taste, sight, and smell can have a negative effect on food intake

Which of the following question would you NOT ask on the Determine Checklist?

Do you have a pet?

Bill just suffered a major heart attack. His doctor advises him that he needs to lose weight and cut down the saturated fat and cholesterol on his diet. BIll tells the doctor "What's the use, both my father and brother died of heart attacks and so will I." This is just fate" BIll is exhibiting which model of behavior change?

External locus of control

A pregnant woman knows that herbal remedies are safe and effective to use because they are tested extensively before they are placed on the market. True or False?

False

All cases of neural tube defects are directly related to a lack of folate consumption during pregnancy. True or False?

False

Alzheimer's disease is a normal part of . True or False?

False

Breast fed infants have a lower risk of developing heart disease in life because breast milk is low in cholesterol. True or False

False

Duing menopause the majority of the women are depressed? True of False

False

High blood levels of prolactin will result in higher breastmilk production. True or False?

False

In the United States the rates or prostate cancer are increasing. True or False?

False

Is it safe for a woman to drink alcohol in the last trimester of pregnancy. True or False

False

It is not safe to drink diet soda during pregnancy. True or False

False

Over 25% of the elderly in the US live in long term care facilities. True of False?

False

PET scans are the most accurate method to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. True or False

False

The PSA blood test is 99% accurate in diagnosing prostate cancer. True or False?

False

The research is very clear that women who are breastfeeding should not consume any alcohol. True or False

False

WOmen who have had breast implants cannot breastfeed their infants. True or False

False

Women who smoke general experience menopause later than women who do not smoke. True or False

False

The most mature follicle that will be the one to ovulate is the ________ follicle.

Graffian

The hormone that is detected in "over the counter" ovulation kits

LH hormone

At what stage of lactogenseis is the milk supply maintained and its composition stable.

Lactogenesis III

The Center for Disease Control has found that the strongest predictor of longevity is?

Lifestyle Factors

Which of the following women would have the highest risk of developing beast cancer?

MAry, age 60, who reached menarche at age 10 and menopause at age 59. Mary has never been pregnant

During pregnancy nutrients are prioritized (needs that are met first,second,last)?

Mother Placenta Fetus

never been pregnant

Nulliparity

Patti is a 55 year old woman and just had her first DEXA. Her T-score is -2.7 indicated that:

Patti has osteoporosis

Which of the following is NOT one of the clinical trials groups of the WHI?

SERMS (Serum estrogen receptor modulators) group

DEXA results that compare bone to that of a young adults

T-Score

Julie is 82 years old who suffers from hydrochlorhydria and osteoporosis. She asks you for advice about the most appropriate calcium supplement for her to take. What advice would you give to Julie?

Take 1000 mg of calcium citrate(split in two 500 mg doses) with your meals

Blood pressure decreases in the first trimester of pregnancy? True or False

True

Breast milk contains less protein than cows milk. True or False

True

Breastfeeding is not a reliable form of birth control. True or False

True

Calcium carbonate is the calcium supplement with the greatest percentage of elemental calcium. True or False?

True

During lactation the DRI for iron decreases from the pregnancy DRI. True or False?

True

Research to date has shown that caffine can cross the palcenta, but in moderation, it poses no risk to the fetus. True or False?

True

The bioavailability of lycopene is enhanced by cooking. True or False?

True

The most critical stage of organ development in the fetus occurs during the embryonic stage. True of False?

True

Women who suffer from morning sickness during pregnancy are less likely to have a miscarriage. True or False

True

The DRI for _______does not increase during pregnancy?

Vitamin A

The absorption of _____ increases in the elderly?

Vitamin A

Atrophic gastritis is a condition seen in many elderly. This condition interferes primarily with the absorption of which of the following?

Vitamin B12

The only supplement that is routinely recommended for breastfeeding infants is...?

Vitamin D

To prevent rickets________is usually recommended for breast fed infants

Vitamin D

DEXA results that compare bone to adult of the same age

Z-Score

The stages of the human fetal development are

Zygote Morula Blastocyst Embryo Fetus

ability to care for oneself, bathing, dressing cooking etc

activities of daily living

Breast milk is made in the _______ and stored in the __________.

alveoli lactiferous sinuses

Which of the following does NOT describe a major function of the placenta?

barrier to drugs and alcohol

Protein that accumulates around neurons

beta amyloid plaques

During the first 20 weeks of pregnancy which of the following metabolic changes occurs in a pregnant woman?

blood volume expansion and increased cardiac output

Hemodilution of some blood values occurs during pregnancy because

blood volume increases so much

What organ in the body is responsible for the regulation and timing of the menstrual cycle?

brain

The hypothesis of "programmed aging" proposes that:

cells contain a genetic code that directs the cell to divide so many times and when they reach their limi the cells will die

The changes that occur in blood lipid levels during pregnancy can BEST be described as

cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase during the third trimester of pregnancy as the mother breaks down her fat stores to provide energy to her body

Zinc supplementation in the elderly can improve all of the following EXCEPT:

cognitive function

"high in protein electrolytes and nutrients, yellow in color"

colosrtrum

WHich of the following does NOT describe trabecular bone?

comprises approximately 80% of bones in the body

hard, compact bone found at end of long bones

cortical

After spouses, the primary caretakers of people with ALzheimer's disease are?

daughters

Bed sores

decubitus ulcers

The only known cure for preeclampsia is

delivery of the infant

During pregnancy estrogen creates hydroscopic properties in the body. This may cause the pregnant women to suffer from:

edema

A new mother goes to the mall to do some shopping with friends. She is gone longer than she planned and is not able to nurse her baby until she returns home three hours later. What is the most likely problem she may encounter?

engorgment

The cyclic release of which two hormones governs pubetal breast development?

estrogen and progesterone

Margie is 50 years old, postmenopausal, and has a hysterectomy (removal of her uterus but not her ovaries). She has been suffering hot flashes and her doctor has recommended HRT. Which of the following would be the best choice for MArgie?

estrogen only

Fertilization of the ovum occurs in the

fallopian tube

The second major component of breast milk is?

fat

_______is the most preventable cause of birth defects

fetal alcohol syndrome

The finger like projections that sweep the ovum into fallopian tube is.are called?

fimbria

Scientific study of all aspects of aging

gerontology

The primary fuel source for a fetus is _______ and for a newborn ______.

glucose fat

The test used to detect occulty(hidden) blood in the stool is the_____.

guaiac test

Which of the following is NOT an oral problem that affects food intake in the elderly?

hypergeusia

The term that is used to describe an increase in cell size due to the accumulation of protein and lipids is:

hypertrophy

Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to infant formulas?

infant formulas contains only minimal amounts of immune factors

The major cause of sore nipples in breastfeeding women is

infant not positioned correctly on the breast/nipple

Needed for proper absorption of Vitamin B12

intrinsic factor

Pernicious anemia results from lack of _____________.

intrinsic factor

Which nutrient is difficult to get from diet alone during pregnancy?

iron

Women and children who practice pica may also suffer from

iron deficiency anemia

Curvature of the spine (Dowager's Hump)

kyhposis

The most common barrier to breastfeeding is

lack of support/information

Early research suggested that exercise was not compatible with lactation due to the build up of _________in the breast milk resulting in the infant refusing to feed.

lactic acid

Which of the following statements correctly describes the changes that occur in body compostition and metabolic rate with aging?

lean body mass and metabolic rate both decrease

During pregnancy consumption of unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses can lead to

listeria poisoning

Which of the following statements best describes our current knowledge about Alzheimer's disease?

little has been found to effectively treat or prevent this disease

"Timing is 14 days in length, progesterone dominates, secretory endometrium" describes what phase of the menstrual cycle?

luteal

The_____________phase of the menstrual cycle happens after ovulation.

luteal

In developed counties which of the following is NOT a contraindication to breastfeeding?

mastitis

In most people the first symptom seen in the development of Alzheimer's disease is?

memory loss

To avoid_____ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12 oz per week.

mercury

Career well established, body composition begins to change, time to reassesess health status" describes which stage of adulthood?

midlife

The cells that line the alveoli and contract to cause milk secreations into ducts are:

myoepithelial cells

The alpha-feta protein test is used to determine if a fetus may be suffering from

neural tube defect

twisted fibers that build up inside neurons

neurofibrillary tangles

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?

obesity

Cell responsible for bone formation

osteoblasts

Cells responsible for bone resorption

osteoclasts

Which of the following is NOT directly involved in milk production?

ovary

The hormone responsible for the relation of smooth muscle during pregnancy is

progesterone

What hormones secreted by the hypthalamus prevents the overproduction of breast milk in a lactating woman?

prolactin inhibiting hormone

During menstruation some women experience cramps and other side effects. These symptoms are due to the productions of _______ by the uterus.

prostaglandins

Of macronutrients in breast milk which one remains the most consistent during lactation?

protein

Which of the following is rarely seen in men suffering from bigorexia?

purging

Which of the following is not a recommended treatment for sore nipples?

rubbing a petroleum-based ointment on your nipples will help ease the pain

The test that is used to diagnose pernicious anemia is the _________test/

schilling test

The lowest rates of breastfeeding in the United States are found in the

southern states

In osteoporosis the three major sites of fracture are:

spine, hip, wrist

The primary reason that women feel tired in the first trimester is?

the increase in blood volume in the body

Newborn infants born to mothers with uncontrolled gestational diabetes sometime suffer from hypoglycemia after birth becausre?

the infant has become accustomed to the high levels of glucose while in the uterus

A nursing mother asks for your advice about fluid intake while breastfeeding..you say:

the more fluid you drink the more milk you will produce

The term fetal alcohol spectrum is now being used to describe

the range of effects alcohol has on fetal growth and development

Which of the following BEST describes the changes in total blood cholesterol concentration in women after menopause?

total blood cholesterol concentrations typically increase after menopause

Spongy bone found inside bones

trabecular

The symptoms seen the most often with prostate cancer involve

urinary problems

Amount of the air exchanged with each breath

vital capacity

WHich of the following is false regarding the aging pulmonary system?

vital capacity increases

Which of the following is the base of the "Food Pyramid" for 70+ Individuals?

water

In infant formula that is over-diluted (too much water is added) the infant could suffer from:

weight loss

Menopause is diagnosed

when a woman has not had a menstrual cycle for one year

The type of protein found in breast milk that produces a soft curd that helps with the infants digestion is called:

whey

The lack of which nutrient is associated with the loss of taste acuity in the elderly?

zinc