Lifespan Chapter 3-Teague

5)What is the term used to describe cells that unite at conception?

zygote

2)Where does fertilization of the ovum take place in a normal pregnancy?

Fallopian tube

72)What is the most commonly used prenatal diagnostic procedure?

Ultrasound

45)A normally developing fetus has reached a length of 12 inches and weighs about one pound. Using ultrasound it is possible to tell if the fetus is male or female. In which stage of development is this fetus?

Fetal

13)Under what circumstance(s) will a recessive gene be expressed?

If both parents carry the gene

26)What percent of congenital disorders are a result of harmful genes or faulty chromosomes?

30%

7)At how many weeks of gestation will there be prenatal sex differentiation?

4-8

3)The nucleus of the typical human cell contains how many chromosomes?

46

60)What is a true statement about the influence of heroin and methadone upon prenatal and infant development?

60 to 80% are born addicted to these drugs and experience withdrawal symptoms

28) What is an autosomal dominant disorder?

A gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes that is always expressed, even if only one copy is present.

56)What serves to hold neurons together?

Astrocytes

68)Liz appeared to be a healthy pregnant woman but her baby was born with central nervous system damage, and later it was determined that the child was completely deaf and has mental retardation. what would most likely be the cause?

CMV (cytomegalovirus)

18)Which is true of a trait that is passed through mitochondrial inheritance?

Children inherit genes that are found only in the mitochondria; passed only from mother to child; ex: blindness

70)What is associated with maternal malnutrition?

Increased risk of delivering a low-birth-weight infant who will have intellectual difficulties in childhood. And increased risk of developing mental illnesses in adulthood.

58)Nan is exposed to high levels of radiation during the 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of gestation. Which of the following organ structures in the fetus are most likely to show abnormalities?

Irreversible mental retardation

8)Describe identical twin studies

It helps us, to some extent, identify genetic versus environmental causes of behavior.

11)What is true of a trait controlled by a dominant gene?

It will show up on his/her phenotype

38)Not long after Leila found out she was pregnant, she began having pain. When she went to her doctor, she was told that the zygote had implanted in her fallopian tube rather than her uterus. What type of pregnancy is this?

ectopic pregnancy

15)Give an example of the expressivity of genes?

meaning that the degree to which any gene influences phenotypes varies from person to person

44)The embryonic stage of gestation covers which time period?

2-8 weeks

27)What is caused by a gene on the X chromosome?

Sex-linked disorders

25)Phenylketonuria is an example of ____?

an autosomal disorder

17)Skylar has brown eyes, thin lips, and curly brown hair. Which of this traits is polygenic?

Brown eyes

74)Which of the following is the final stage of labor?

Delivery of the placenta

64)Mrs. Smith is receiving information and advice about prenatal care from her health care team. With regard to alcohol, what advice will they most likely give Mrs. Smith?

Do not consume any amount of alcohol

49)Which stage begins when implantation is complete and continues through organogenesis?

Embryonic stage

63)What does current research say about smoking during pregnancy?

Evan prenatal exposure to tobacco can have long term effects on children's development

34)Randy is taller than average and has larger than usual teeth. Some people used to think that people like Randy would be aggressive and not very bright. With which of the following was Randy most likely born?

Extra Y chromosome

47)A blastocyte is floating inside of Sandy's uterus. In which stage is Sandy's pregnancy?

Germinal stage

46)What correctly lists the stages of prenatal development in order or progression?

Germinal, embryonic, fetal

67)list sexually transmitted disease that can be passed to the fetus during vaginal birth

HIV, syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea, cytomegalovirus

75)What aspects of neonatal functioning is assessed by the Apgar scale?

Heart beats per minute, respiration, muscle tone, reflexive response when feet exposed to stimuli, color of lips, palms, and soles of feet.

30)Which of the genetic disorders usually does not express symptoms until adulthood?

Huntington's disease

21)Describe physical traits which are influenced by both genes and the environment?

Multifactoral inheritance

22)Sam is taller and has a higher IQ than wither of his parents. What terms would be used to explain this?

Multifactoral inheritance

55)Synapses are formed following the development of which neural structures?

Neurons

10)Seth has dark hair and dark eyes, even though his biological mother is fair skinned. Seth's hair and eye color are part of his ____.

Phenotype

48)What is formed from cells from the outer layer of the blastocyte and the uterine wall?

Placenta

16)What is the term for the pattern of inheritance in which many genes influence a trait?

Polygenic inheritance

59)Your friend is taking Accutane for her adult acne. She comes to you and says that she thinks she is pregnant. What is the best advice that you can give her?

Stop taking medication

4)Chromosomes are composed of what?

Strings of genetic material

36)What is typical for individuals who have sex chromosome anomalies?

Undeveloped testes and low sperm production. Language and learning disabilities. Boys will develop both male and female changes at puberty.

33)Which individuals has the greatest risk for bearing a child with trisomy 21?

The older the woman, the higher the risk

29)Most sex-linked disorders are caused by what?

The recessive gene

73)How are newborn infants affected by medications given to the mother during the birthing process?

They tend to be slightly more sluggish and spend more times sleeping in the first few weeks than do infants of mothers not given anesthetics during delivery. (because the drugs enter the placenta and go into the infant's bloodstream)

41)Jan is becoming emotionally attached to her unborn fetus. Her breasts are secreting colostrum. Jan is most likely in which trimester?

Third

66)Pregnant women should eat foods high in folic acid, such as beans or spinach, during pregnancy. What is the purpose of this dietary recommendation?

To reduce the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida

69)Pregnant women should eat foods high in folic acid, such as beans or spinach, during pregnancy. What is the purpose of this dietary recommendation?

To reduce the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida

14)My father has type A blood and my mother has type O blood. What will my blood type be?

Type A

52)When does a developing infant begin to respond to sound?

Week 13-18

53)Ann notices that her fetus has begun to kick and move. Her physician tells her that she can hear a heartbeat with a stethoscope. Ann is most likely at what point in her pregnancy?

Week 25-28

35)What is the most common sex-chromosome anomaly?

XXY pattern, Klinefelter's syndrome

20)Define genomic imprinting.

a chemical label that identifies each gene as coming from mom or dad

57)What is a conclusion drawn from The Cat in the Hat studies?

active fetuses become very active infants

51)At what point does the fetal period begin?

beginning at 8 weeks to birth

12)Lisa has red hair, which comes from a recessive gene. This must mean that Lisa received the gene from..

both parents

42)Which term explains why the human brain develops before the reproductive system?

cephalocaudal pattern

31)What is a trisomy?

condition in which a child has 3 copies of specific autosome

71)hen researchers have examined the relationship between maternal emotions and prenatal development, the most consistent finding has been that

fetuses of severely distressed mothers tend to grow more slowly.

6)What is the difference between gametes and all other body cells?

gametes contain 23 single chromosomes; body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

9)Describe an individuals unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes contributed by both parents?

genotype

40)What is a condition that can cause a baby to grow too rapidly and result in premature labor or an infant that is too large for a vaginal birth?

gestational diabetes

19)Recent research has found that diseases that appear as we age may be a result of ____.

gnomic imprints

39)What is associated with the second trimester of pregnancy

increased appetite

61)What best summarizes our understanding of the effects of maternal cocaine use on fetuses and infants?

it is hard to know for sure but it causes disruption of placenta function and premature labor

32)What is the prognosis for children born with trisomy 13 or 18?

not good, few live past age 1

54)What best describes neuronal proliferation?

pace of neural formation picks up dramatically between 10th and 18th weeks

65)What is a characteristic of a child born with fetal alcohol syndrome?

smaller children, smaller brains, heart defects, hearing losses

43)What is the best example of the proximodistal principle of development during the prenatal period?

structures toward center of the body develop first, such as rib cage develops before toes and fingers

50)Organogenesis is what?

technical term for organ development

1)Describe the events leading up to conception.

the sperm swims into the fallopian tube, penetrates the wall of ovum

62)beth has smoked an average of one pack of cigarettes per day throughout her pregnancy. how is this likely to affect her fetus?

very likely; born lighter; child will be antisocial; developmental problems

37)What happens during the first trimester of pregnancy?

zygote implants in the women's uterus lining; cervix thickens and secretes mucus to protect zygote; morning sickness