Lifespan G&D Final Review Unit 4

The very ends of chromosomes in cells that may be correlated with longevity are known as "______"

telomeres

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) often prevents conception by blocking: a. the fallopian tubes. b. the uterus. c. the release of sperm. d. the cervix.

a. the fallopian tubes.

Research on grieving informs us that: a. the grieving express their grief in many different ways. b. the best way to grieve is to grieve stoically. c. the grieving will want to regularly visit the gravesite of the deceased. d. the grieving should be advised to cry because it is the best outlet for emotions.

a. the grieving express their grief in many different ways.

Young-old:

healthy, vigorous, financially secure older adults who are well integrated into the lives of their families and communities

Those who are _____ tend to have higher allostatic load. a. low SES b. African American c. high SES d. Hispanic

b. African American

Where is active euthanasia definitely legal? a. the Netherlands b. All of these are correct. c. Switzerland d. Belgium

b. All of these are correct.

Control processes depend on the _____. a. hypothalamus b. amygdala c. cerebellum d. prefrontal cortex

d. prefrontal cortex

According to the experiments conducted by ______, after about 50 cell divisions, the process of cell division stops.

Hayflick

________ is also referred to as "fragile bones."

Osteoporosis

In the United States, the highest rate of volunteerism can be found among the ________ age group. a. 35 to 44 b. 55 to 64 c. 65 to 74 d. 25 to 34

a. 35 to 44

Approximately _____ percent of people over age 65 can see well without glasses. a. 10 b. 5 c. 25 d. 1

a. 10

What percentage of deaths occur in hospital settings in the United States? a. 29 percent b. 21 percent c. 23 percent d. 27 percent

a. 29 percent

Of the couples in Lodge and Umberson's (2012) study, what percentage reported that their sex life had improved over the years? a. 44 percent b. 12 percent c. 17 percent d. 30 percent

a. 44 percent

By age _____, people lose about an inch of height. a. 65 b. 60 c. 55 d. 70

a. 65

What percentage of those over the age of 65 in the United States report that they are virtually deaf? a. 8 percent b. 72 percent c. 39 percent d. 19 percent

a. 8 percent

The proportion of the population over age 65 has reached approximately ____ percent worldwide and ____ percent in the United States. a. 8; 15 b. 11; 13 c. 8; 21 d. 11; 17

a. 8; 15

Who is more likely to have the greatest number of strategies? a. Alan, who has been playing chess for 25 years b. Robert, who is new to the game of chess but excels at math c. Bobby, who has been playing chess for one year d. Cal, who has been playing chess for five years

a. Alan, who has been playing chess for 25 years

_____ processing is thought to be a crucial reason that expert chess players are much better than novices are. a. Automatic b. Strategic c. Intuitive d. Flexible

a. Automatic

Those from _____ are less likely to keep the dead person's possessions. a. China b. Brazil c. Europe d. the United States

a. China

Which of the following statements about the treatment of major neurocognitive disorder is true? a. Early, accurate diagnosis leads to more individualized treatment. b. Research has found that people who avoid toxins such as aluminum can prevent dementia. c. There are clear ways to stop the progression of Alzheimer's disease. d. There is no way to prevent any kinds of dementia.

a. Early, accurate diagnosis leads to more individualized treatment.

A five-nation study indicated that regular sexual intercourse is the most significant predictor of happiness in long-term romances. a. False b. True

a. False

Ageism is defined as a negative attitude toward the elderly. a. False b. True

a. False

An older person's use of selective optimization with compensation is a sign that he or she is near death. a. False b. True

a. False

In the United States, the birth rate among women ages 40 and older is decreasing. a. False b. True

a. False

Individuals can make adjustments that allow for activity and engagement throughout the aging process, but there is nothing that societies can do to optimize the experience. a. False b. True

a. False

Of the sensory systems, only hearing and vision decline in middle adulthood. a. False b. True

a. False

Only 25 percent of adults over the age of 65 are grandparents. a. False b. True

a. False

The "wear-and-tear theory" proposes that people age because new cells are imperfect copies of old ones. a. False b. True

a. False

The first visible signs of aging are in brain functioning. a. False b. True

a. False

The inability to replicate all the telomeres at the ends of the chromosomes in cells causes aging, according to the "wear-and-tear theory." a. False b. True

a. False

The medical establishment is largely responsible for preventing frailty among the old. a. False b. True

a. False

Whether an individual ranks high or low in each of the Big Five personality traits depends solely on heredity. a. False b. True

a. False

_____ is a powerful and personal emotion, a sadness that overtakes daily life. a. Grief b. Sorrow c. Karma d. Mourning

a. Grief

_____ may magnify stratification of gender, ethnicity, and immigration. a. Income b. Age c. Retirement d. Marriage

a. Income

Which of the following is true regarding senescence? a. It is highly variable within and between people. b. It often leads to depression in late adulthood. c. It can prevent heart disease. d. It is the cause of many illnesses in adulthood.

a. It is highly variable within and between people.

Which statement about fluid intelligence is TRUE? a. It is quick and flexible. b. It is the accumulation of facts. c. It includes the size of one's vocabulary. d. It includes long-term memory for dates in history.

a. It is quick and flexible.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding palliative care? a. It provides psychotherapy for patients. b. It is designed to relieve a patient's physical pain. c. It may involve speeding up death through the double effect. d. It focuses on relieving pain and suffering in hospitals, homes, or hospice.

a. It provides psychotherapy for patients.

Which country has the highest percentage of people over age 65? a. Japan b. Canada c. Australia d. Great Britain

a. Japan

Jerry, who is in good health, scores lower on an intelligence test than his grandson Cade. This could be for all the following reasons EXCEPT _____. a. Jerry losing intellectual power as he ages b. Jerry and Cade having different health issues c. Jerry and Cade having different health care experiences d. Jerry and Cade having different educational experiences

a. Jerry losing intellectual power as he ages

Which theorist explained development as a sequence of levels to achieve that are not linked to chronological age? a. Maslow b. Horney c. Erikson d. Freud

a. Maslow

Which of the following weight-loss diets is associated with fiber, fish, and heart-healthy olive oil? a. Mediterranean b. Weight Watchers c. Atkins d. Ornish

a. Mediterranean

_____ refers to the thickening of the waistline as people age. a. Middle-age spread b. Middle-age mark c. Senescence d. Collagen-spread

a. Middle-age spread

When a child loses a family member or a pet, it is best to say: a. None of these is correct. b. that the family member or pet went on a trip. c. that the family member or pet is sleeping. d. that God wanted the family member or pet.

a. None of these is correct.

__________ care is care designed to relieve pain and suffering, not to treat an illness. a. Palliative b. Elder c. Parental d. Alleviative

a. Palliative

In which of the following countries or continents do men die on average 13 years earlier than women do? a. Russia b. Germany c. Asia d. Africa

a. Russia

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) often prevents conception by blocking: a. the fallopian tubes. b. the release of sperm. c. the uterus. d. the cervix.

a. the fallopian tubes.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. The rate of decline in neurocognitive disorders can be treated. b. Brain plasticity is limited to young adulthood. c. Symptoms related to neurocognitive disorders cannot be treated. d. Severe brain damage can be reversed.

a. The rate of decline in neurocognitive disorders can be treated.

Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood? a. The spaces between the spinal disks widen. b. Hair thins and some gray hairs start to show. c. Skin—especially on the face—has lines or wrinkles. d. Muscles weaken, and the waistline widens.

a. The spaces between the spinal disks widen.

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. Which characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common? a. Their faces have wrinkles. b. They wear hearing aids. c. They are unable to drive. d. They are nearsighted.

a. Their faces have wrinkles.

"Fictive kin" are people accepted as part of a family without having biological or marital ties to that family. a. True b. False

a. True

According to a study of twins living in Denmark, twins are less apt to get married than single-born adults. a. True b. False

a. True

According to disengagement theory, aging leads to decreasing options for relationships and activities. a. True b. False

a. True

An adult's hearing is usually less acute than a 10-year-old child's. a. True b. False

a. True

Expert thinking is intuitive, automatic, strategic, and flexible. a. True b. False

a. True

Higher SES is associated with higher intellect in later adulthood. a. True b. False

a. True

Most kinkeepers are middle-aged women. a. True b. False

a. True

Outright abuse is now rare in U.S. nursing homes, at least in part because of mandatory inspections. a. True b. False

a. True

SES impacts one's health and options throughout the life span, impacting health and options as one ages. a. True b. False

a. True

Significant brain losses prior to age 65 are unusual. a. True b. False

a. True

The KIDI is a test to measure intelligent parenting. a. True b. False

a. True

Which of the following statements most accurately describes what happens to intelligence with age? a. We get smarter in some ways and our abilities decline in others. b. The types of intelligence that are maintained in old age cannot be measured. c. Though all forms of intelligence necessarily decline with age, the losses can be modified by the environment. d. All forms of intelligence decline with age.

a. We get smarter in some ways and our abilities decline in others.

_____ is the information that the brain holds at a given moment. a. Working memory b. Sensory threshold c. Sensory register d. Long-term memory

a. Working memory

Both healthy older adults and older adults with cancer most often chose to spend free time with: a. a family member. b. none of these people. c. the author of a book. d. an acquaintance with whom they have much in common.

a. a family member.

In a typical family, the kinkeeper is MOST likely to be _____. a. a middle-aged mother b. a middle-aged father c. a young adult son d. the first grandchild

a. a middle-aged mother

The research study cited in the text found that people in all age groups have greater difficulty performing which of the following at the same time? a. a motor task and a cognitive task b. a cognitive task and an emotional task c. two cognitive tasks d. two motor tasks

a. a motor task and a cognitive task

In the 1960s, demographers feared: a. a worldwide population explosion and mass starvation by year 2000. b. a lasting recession resulting from the various social changes that decreased the emphasis on traditional families. c. that the increased survival rate of children would lead to an epidemic of dangerous adult diseases. d. that the declining birth rate would persist and lead to a dangerous decline in the population.

a. a worldwide population explosion and mass starvation by year 2000.

Which of the following may be a first reaction to death when a person cannot face the reality? a. absent grief b. denial grief c. complicated grief d. disenfranchised grief

a. absent grief

Older adults who exhibited insecure-avoidant attachments early in life may be more likely to experience: a. absent grief. b. denial rage. c. incomplete grief. d. disenfranchised grief.

a. absent grief.

Chronic stress can do all of the following EXCEPT: a. allow brain plasticity. b. impair logic. c. increase depression. d. impair thinking.

a. allow brain plasticity.

Sitting for long hours correlates with what? a. almost every unhealthy condition b. diabetes c. heart disease d. cancer

a. almost every unhealthy condition

Wisdom seems to reflect: a. an understanding of life. b. a high moral code. c. a high IQ. d. an expertise in a specific area.

a. an understanding of life.

Which type of intelligence did Sternberg believe was the most useful? a. analytic, practical, and creative b. practical and creative c. analytic only d. creative only

a. analytic, practical, and creative

In Thailand, when people are close to death they typically: a. are taken back home. b. want a religious official present. c. are left alone. d. want just family members in the room.

a. are taken back home.

A conclusion of Kübler-Ross's research is that: a. as she indicated, grief is individual. b. we now understand that everyone experiences the same emotions when they are dying. c. we know that dying people prefer to be left alone to sort out their feelings. d. None of these answers are conclusions of Kübler-Ross's research.

a. as she indicated, grief is individual.

A common impulse after death is for survivors to: a. assess blame. b. see life as meaningless. c. verbally assault those responsible. d. provoke conflict.

a. assess blame.

When complex actions and the thoughts that they involve have become routine, the actions are described as being: a. automatic. b. intuitive. c. strategic. d. flexible.

a. automatic.

The average life span of individuals in a particular group is called: a. average life expectancy. b. average life span. c. maximum life span. d. maximum life expectancy.

a. average life expectancy.

Which of the following is one of the ADLs? a. bathing b. preparing a family meal c. paying bills d. shopping

a. bathing

A major goal among adults in the United States is to: a. be self-sufficient. b. become involved grandparents. c. strengthen family ties. d. attain wealth.

a. be self-sufficient.

Religious involvement correlates with _____ because it promotes social relationships and healthy habits. a. better health b. more wealth c. earlier death d. higher levels of stress

a. better health

Which of the following could contribute to severe brain loss in adulthood? a. both genes and poor circulation b. poor circulation c. neither genes nor poor circulation d. genes

a. both genes and poor circulation

Which of the following affects adult cognition? a. both historical conditions and cultural pressures b. cultural pressures c. neither historical conditions nor cultural pressures d. historical conditions

a. both historical conditions and cultural pressures

Which of the following is NOT a way in which older adolescents and emerging adults deal with death anxiety? a. by not thinking about death b. by taking greater risks themselves c. by becoming more conscientious and loyal members of their community d. by using ageism to distance themselves from death

a. by not thinking about death

Though it is considered controversial, research has demonstrated that calorie restriction: a. can slow aging. b. reverses aging. c. increases aging. d. increases major neurocognitive disorder.

a. can slow aging.

Ageism is a form of prejudice in which people: a. categorize and judge people only on the basis of their chronological age. b. compare older adults. c. measure the effects of growing old. d. judge older adults based on work.

a. categorize and judge people only on the basis of their chronological age.

People who live to see their 100th birthday are referred to as "_____." a. centenarians b. oldest-old c. decadecadians d. young-old

a. centenarians

Grief that impedes the person's future life is referred to as: a. complicated grief. b. disenfranchised grief. c. denial grief. d. absent grief.

a. complicated grief.

Relying on prior knowledge and general principles in decision making is considered a problem in which step of information processing? a. control processes b. retrieval c. input d. output

a. control processes

In older adults, a positive worldview _____. a. correlates with believing that life is meaningful b. correlates with less well-being c. is associated with increased family conflict d. is associated with increased responsiveness to regretful events

a. correlates with believing that life is meaningful

When Alice is assigned to host a work party for 100 employees with a modest $200 budget, she needs to be innovative and imaginative. In order for Alice to host a successful work party, she will need to utilize _____ intelligence. a. creative b. fluid c. crystallized d. immersive

a. creative

Natalie is asked by her daughter to help with making a list of all the presidents of the United States for a school project. In order for Natalie to help her daughter, she will need to rely on _____ intelligence. a. crystallized b. creative c. fluid d. practical

a. crystallized

In poor nations, rates of smoking tend to increase with _____. a. degree of poverty b. rates of pregnancy c. age d. income

a. degree of poverty

This is a calculation of the number of self-sufficient productive adults compared with the number of dependents in a given population. a. dependency ratio b. genetic clock c. life expectancy d. universal design

a. dependency ratio

To assess how impaired Bill is by heart disease, one would determine his _____. a. disability-adjusted life years b. age-adjusted mortality rate c. age-adjusted morbidity rate d. quality-adjusted life years

a. disability-adjusted life years

What was the most common cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds in the early twentieth century? a. diseases b. accidents c. homicide d. suicide

a. diseases

According to Robert Sternberg, creative intelligence requires _____ thinking. a. divergent b. practical c. adaptive d. convergent

a. divergent

A good death is more likely today than 50 years ago because: a. doctors are more willing to listen to the wishes of the dying. b. palliative care is less accepted. c. hospice care is considered bad practice. d. doctors are not likely to follow advanced directives.

a. doctors are more willing to listen to the wishes of the dying.

Research suggests that time of day and location (home versus lab) should be considered when measuring memory. This is referred to as: a. ecological validity. b. All of these answers are correct. c. ecological reliability. d. senescence.

a. ecological validity.

Among adults in long-term marriages, ____ is the goal. a. equity b. affluence c. notoriety d. equality

a. equity

Schaie retested his research participants and added a new group of participants how often? a. every 7 years b. every 15 years c. every 4 years d. every year

a. every 7 years

The superior strategies of the expert permit selective optimization with compensation. In a study, trained pilots were given directions by air traffic controllers in a flight simulation. The study found that _____ used their own shorthand to illustrate and emphasize ideas. a. experienced pilots took more accurate and complete notes and b. experienced and inexperienced pilots took equally accurate and complete notes and each c. experienced pilots took more accurate and complete notes and inexperienced pilotsin d. experienced pilots took more accurate and complete notes and

a. experienced pilots took more accurate and complete notes and

Research indicates that middle-aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be _____ with their sex lives. a. extremely satisfied b. satisfied c. dissatisfied d. extremely dissatisfied

a. extremely satisfied

In India, more than half of the people who want to avoid conception use: a. female sterilization. b. birth control pills. c. early abortions. d. intrauterine devices (IUDs).

a. female sterilization.

How many stages of development does Abraham Maslow describe? a. five b. three c. seven d. nine

a. five

Selective experts: a. focus on activities that are personally meaningful. b. further hone innate abilities. c. are seen only in late adulthood. d. are no more skilled than the average person in those activities that they have chosen to focus on.

a. focus on activities that are personally meaningful.

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease show _____ cognitive decline compared to those with vascular major neurocognitive disorder, who have _____ decline. a. gradual; sudden b. gradual; gradual c. sudden; gradual d. immediate; gradual

a. gradual; sudden

According to the text, an expert internal medicine doctor may prefer a patient who _____. a. has symptoms that do not match any diagnosable condition b. is in perfect health c. has a clearly diagnosable condition d. does not come in for medical care until his or her home remedies fail

a. has symptoms that do not match any diagnosable condition

People today are unlike their ancestors who were more likely to: a. have watched someone die. b. have made sure a religious official was available in the event of a death. c. be more afraid of death. d. have a more complex concept of the afterlife.

a. have watched someone die.

Jordan and Will are a gay couple who recently married. They wonder what their relationship will be like in 5 to 10 years. If they are like most married couples, their happiness will _____. a. hold steady b. decline sharply c. dip, with divorce likely d. be even stronger than during the honeymoon period

a. hold steady

What was the least common cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds in the early twentieth century? a. homicide b. accidents c. diseases d. suicide

a. homicide

This is the leading risk factor for disease in Asia, North Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. a. hypertension b. senescence c. circulation d. diabetes

a. hypertension

Which of the following forms of intelligence would be most useful when solving real-world challenges? a. practical b. analytic c. creative d. fluid

a. practical

As an individual ages, small sensory losses, such as a decreased ability to hear nuances of emotion in speech, _____. a. impair cognition b. are sufficiently filled in by the brain c. are noticed immediately by the person experiencing them d. are unusual and usually a sign of a serious problem

a. impair cognition

The term double effect refers to: a. improving quality of life and hastening death. b. improving quality of life and postponing death. c. decreasing quality of life and postponing death. d. decreasing quality of life and hastening death.

a. improving quality of life and hastening death.

When can we expect the first understanding of death? a. in very young children b. in school-age children c. in the preteen years d. in adolescence

a. in very young children

By definition, in what way do active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide differ? a. in who administers the drugs b. in legal status c. in the types of drugs used d. in who prescribes the drugs

a. in who administers the drugs

Long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to: a. increase the risk of stroke. b. decrease the risk of cancer. c. increase the risk of dementia. d. have no effect on osteoporosis.

a. increase the risk of stroke.

Betty, 78 years old, is experiencing senescence. Which of the following is she most likely to demonstrate? a. increased reaction time b. improved thought processing c. improved processing speed d. faster physical movement

a. increased reaction time

Drugs like Viagra and Levitra serve to: a. induce erections. b. reverse all of the effects of andropause. c. increase sexual desire and decrease the speed of orgasm. d. increase testosterone levels so as to restore normal sexual appetite and responsiveness.

a. induce erections.

Vascular disease is caused by _____. a. insufficient supply of blood to the brain b. Alzheimer's disease c. environmental toxins d. inadequate nutrition

a. insufficient supply of blood to the brain

Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is engaged in the personal journey of connecting her life with the historical and cultural purpose of human society. The grandmother is in which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages? a. integrity versus despair b. generativity versus stagnation c. identity versus role confusion d. industry versus inferiority

a. integrity versus despair

Although Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion _____. a. is ongoing throughout adulthood b. ends with the stage of intimacy versus isolation c. ends with the stage of generativity versus stagnation d. comes to fruition only after the stage of integrity versus despair

a. is ongoing throughout adulthood

Research indicates that emotionally healthy aging is correlated with: a. less response to regretful events. b. volunteering. c. assertive behavior. d. understanding the meaning in life.

a. less response to regretful events.

Supat is 86 years old and is examining his role in the history of human life. Some would say that this activity indicates: a. life review. b. neurocognitive disorder. c. nostalgia. d. egocentrism.

a. life review.

What enabled researchers to finally discover that intelligence does not inevitably decline in early adulthood? a. longitudinal research b. cohort effects c. the Flynn effect d. standardized tests

a. longitudinal research

From a developmental perspective, the fact that today's workers frequently change jobs is problematic for an older worker because: a. many skills and types of knowledge required for a new job have not been learned by the older worker. b. relocation becomes easier with age. c. older workers are better skilled to find a new job. d. seniority becomes an advantage when one must seek a new job.

a. many skills and types of knowledge required for a new job have not been learned by the older worker.

Neurocognitive impairment is characterized by: a. mental confusion and forgetfulness. b. having reduced emotional reactions. c. improved social responses. d. improved planning abilities.

a. mental confusion and forgetfulness.

Obese, insulin-resistant pregnant women are at risk for having children with _____. a. metabolic syndrome b. Prader-Willi syndrome c. autism spectrum disorder d. conduct disorder

a. metabolic syndrome

Which term refers to the number of deaths each year per 1,000 individuals in a particular population? a. mortality b. vitality c. morbidity d. morbundity

a. mortality

Which of the following are legal in Oregon? a. physician-assisted suicide and passive euthanasia b. passive euthanasia and active euthanasia c. physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia d. active euthanasia and suicide

a. physician-assisted suicide and passive euthanasia

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of typical elder volunteers? a. poor health b. many social contacts c. strong commitment to the community d. married to a volunteer

a. poor health

For older drivers, which of these variables is the strongest predictor of a car accident? a. poor peripheral vision b. understanding of driving rules c. age d. face-front reading ability

a. poor peripheral vision

The benefits of _____ intelligence in adult life are obvious, as adults need to solve real-world challenges. a. practical b. analytic c. creative d. flexible

a. practical

Which of the following is the possible intellectual ability that is expected to underlie all other aspects of intelligence and is a focus of studies on intelligence in late adulthood? a. processing speed b. reduced sensory input c. loss of memory d. stimuli confusion

a. processing speed

The term used to describe the fact that older Hispanics live longer than older non-Hispanics in the United States is: a. race crossover. b. social carryover. c. reverse discrimination. d. race convoy.

a. race crossover.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to: a. reduce incidence of osteoporosis. b. reduce dementia. c. decrease the risk of stroke. d. decrease the risk of cancer.

a. reduce incidence of osteoporosis.

In a nationwide study of 53,851 nurses, ages 20 to 59, researchers have found that _____ is one of the few factors that reduce job satisfaction in every cohort. a. required overtime b. flextime c. hourly pay d. telecommuting

a. required overtime

Education is a(n) _____ indicator of adult IQ. a. rough b. unpredictable c. excellent d. significant

a. rough

Education is a(n) _____ indicator of adult IQ. a. rough b. unpredictable c. significant d. excellent

a. rough

Paulo, age 62, has developed heart disease from a lifetime of smoking cigarettes. His heart disease is an example of _____. a. secondary aging b. compressed morbidity c. normal senescence d. primary aging

a. secondary aging

The specific illnesses that become more common with aging are referred to as: a. secondary aging. b. senescence. c. tertiary aging. d. primary aging.

a. secondary aging.

The average elderly person: a. sees a physician eight times a year. b. eats healthily and exercises. c. takes about eight medications as prescribed. d. does not take vitamins or herbal remedies or drink alcohol.

a. sees a physician eight times a year.

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits? a. selflessness b. agreeableness c. extraversion d. openness

a. selflessness

What do the first visible age-related changes involve? a. skin b. height c. posture d. weight

a. skin

Calorie restriction may _____. a. slow down aging b. increase the rate of death c. speed up aging d. increase the risk of diabetes

a. slow down aging

Lodge and Umberson's (2012) study concluded that sexual activity was a(n): a. social construction. b. biological event. c. avoided activity among the elderly. d. pleasurable experience.

a. social construction.

Randy moved across the country to advance his career. Although he moved alone, he soon developed a group of coworkers and friends who became like a family to him. They served as his _____. a. social convoy b. clique c. extrinsic reward d. skinkeeper

a. social convoy

The group of people who move through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a "_____." a. social convoy b. fictive kin c. support network d. familial collection

a. social convoy

What did Erik Erikson call the people he interviewed who were in their 90s to reflect their awareness of the interdependence of the generations and the human experience? a. social witnesses b. self-actualized humans c. despairers d. humanitarians

a. social witnesses

Margaret just told her granddaughter that the government is enforcing new education laws but is unable to recall where she received the information. Margaret is demonstrating: a. source amnesia. b. flashbulb memory. c. working memory. d. prospective memory.

a. source amnesia.

When developmentalists use the term "expert," they usually mean a person who _____. a. specializes in activities that are personally meaningful b. is extraordinarily gifted in one area c. is innately skilled d. has earned advanced credentials in his or her special area

a. specializes in activities that are personally meaningful

Delores, age 75, believes her memory is fading with age, and the anxiety this causes her actually diminishes her memory. This is an example of _____. a. stereotype threat b. information processing c. source amnesia d. sensory threshold

a. stereotype threat

In a research study, elders who had been exposed to ageist beliefs their whole lives displayed poorer memory than younger participants and other elders who had not been exposed to ageist beliefs. This outcome was most likely due to _____. a. stereotype threat b. cultural differences in age-related changes c. ageism among the researchers d. increased confidence among the younger participants

a. stereotype threat

A major threat to elderly cognition and learning is: a. stereotype threat. b. schizophrenia. c. depression. d. rejection of ageism mentality.

a. stereotype threat.

A demand of life that increases stress is called a(n): a. stressor. b. immunity. c. daily hassle. d. stress response.

a. stressor.

To understand some of the illogical responses to death, social scientists have developed the idea that people adopt cultural values and moral principles in order to cope with their fear of death. This is known as: a. terror management theory. b. thanatos management theory. c. terror motivational theory. d. thanatos morbidity theory.

a. terror management theory.

The number of times a human cell is capable of dividing into two new cells is called: a. the Hayflick limit. b. genetic clock. c. cellular aging. d. genetic limit.

a. the Hayflick limit.

Research on grieving informs us that: a. the grieving express their grief in many different ways. b. the grieving will want to regularly visit the gravesite of the deceased. c. the grieving should be advised to cry because it is the best outlet for emotions. d. the best way to grieve is to grieve stoically.

a. the grieving express their grief in many different ways.

The case of Terri Schiavo is a good example of: a. the importance of advance directives. b. active euthanasia. c. why we should support hospice. d. assisted suicide.

a. the importance of advance directives.

Researchers have found that it is possible to improve almost any specific cognitive ability in the young-old if: a. the training process is targeted to the individual's motivation and abilities. b. the individual went to college in early adulthood. c. the individual has a high IQ. d. the training process integrates the individual's long-term memory.

a. the training process is targeted to the individual's motivation and abilities.

Which of the following sounds does an older adult lose the ability to detect first? a. the voice of a small child b. a train whistle c. a voice on the telephone d. a car horn

a. the voice of a small child

The primary reason older people receive less input into their brains is that _____. a. their senses decline, reducing the sensory input b. their thresholds increase, reducing sensory input c. they are not able to store information effectively d. they are less interested in new things

a. their senses decline, reducing the sensory input

Researchers have found that older adults who have _____ showed little or no impairment when asked to perform certain working-memory tasks. a. time and the ability to concentrate b. flashbulb memories c. high IQs d. brain injuries

a. time and the ability to concentrate

With _____, symptoms may vanish quickly and go unnoticed. a. transient ischemic attacks b. vascular disease c. Alzheimer's disease d. major neurocognitive disorder

a. transient ischemic attacks

Obesity and cigarette smoking have been found to be: a. twice as common in adults with the least education. b. more common in the wealthier than the average U.S. citizen. c. more common in males. d. one-fourth as common in adults in the lowest SES.

a. twice as common in adults with the least education.

Obesity and cigarette smoking have been found to be: a. twice as common in adults with the least education. b. one-fourth as common in adults in the lowest SES. c. more common in the wealthier than the average U.S. citizen. d. more common in males.

a. twice as common in adults with the least education.

Which of the following age groups has the most motor-vehicle accidents? a. under 20 b. 75 and older c. 45 to 54 d. 65 to 74

a. under 20

The creation of settings and equipment that can be used by everyone, whether or not they are able-bodied and sensory-acute, is referred to as: a. universal design. b. wear-and-tear. c. friendly design. d. transparent design.

a. universal design.

The result of repeated TIAs is: a. vascular dementia. b. transient dementia. c. frontal lobe dementia. d. Alzheimer's disease.

a. vascular dementia.

Which of the following refers to a state in which death is less likely to have been determined? a. vegetative state b. locked-in syndrome c. brain death d. coma

a. vegetative state

What is useful when assessing any medical measure? a. vitality and morbidity b. morbidity c. vitality d. mortality

a. vitality and morbidity

The fact that people in some professions have repeated blows to the head that cause deterioration of the brain is consistent with which theory of aging? a. wear and tear b. genetic adaptation c. cellular error d. cellular aging

a. wear and tear

Sally learns that she did not get a promotion at work because she does not have enough completed projects. If she chooses to engage in problem-focused coping to deal with this stressor, Sally will _____. a. talk to a friend b .work to complete more projects c. drink a glass of alcohol d. quit her job

b .work to complete more projects

About how many times per night do older adults wake up? a. 5 b. 10 c. 12 d. 2

b. 10

What percentage of the United States population is over age 65? a. 2 b. 15 c. 29 d. 42

b. 15

By the year 2050, it is estimated that people over age 65 will make up _______ of the world's population. a. 10 percent b. 16 percent c. 3 percent d. 8 percent

b. 16 percent

Conception is most likely if a man ejaculates ________ sperm per milliliter of semen. a. 5 million b. 20 million c. 15 million d. 10 million

b. 20 million

Currently in the United States, ____ percent of men and ____ percent of women smoke. a. 50; 55 b. 21; 17 c. 36; 30 d. 16; 10

b. 21; 17

Margaret is one of ____ percent of people age 70 or older who have visual loss because of cataracts. a. 25 b. 30 c. 15 d. 20

b. 30

Of the couples in Lodge and Umberson's (2012) study, what percentage reported that their sex life had improved over the years? a. 30 percent b. 44 percent c. 12 percent d. 17 percent

b. 44 percent

Couples over age 40 in the United States who try to conceive have a ________ infertility rate. a. 75 percent b. 50 percent c. 25 percent d. 35 percent

b. 50 percent

Medical advances have now solved about _________ of all fertility problems. a. 75 percent b. 50 percent c. 25 percent d. 90 percent

b. 50 percent

By age 65, what percentage of adults are grandparents? a. 75 b. 85 c. 90 d. 80

b. 85

Who is most likely to be the healthiest and happiest at age 70? a. Carly, who has been a widow for 14 years and did not remarry b. Annette, who lives with her husband of 40 years c. Jan, who never married and lives alone d. Susan, who has been divorced for 23 years and lives with her daughter

b. Annette, who lives with her husband of 40 years

Among some _________ cultures, funerals include food, music, and dancing. a. Hindu b. Christian c. Jewish d. Navajo

b. Christian

A measure of the reduced quality of life caused by disabilities is known as: a. PALYs. b. DALYs. c. HALYs. d. QALYs

b. DALYs.

________ is the medical order that would precede _________. a. DNR; active euthanasia b. DNR; passive euthanasia c. Double effect; passive euthanasia d. Double effect; active euthanasia

b. DNR; passive euthanasia

Which of the following is true about cognition in late adulthood? a. A person in late adulthood will need less time to process new sensations. b. Education and intellectual challenge will likely influence cognitive functioning in late adulthood. c. A person in late adulthood is more likely to live independently. d. A person in late adulthood will analyze large quantities of information with ease.

b. Education and intellectual challenge will likely influence cognitive functioning in late adulthood.

Abraham Maslow links chronological age to adult development in his hierarchy of needs. a. True b. False

b. False

Cognitive ability in adulthood does not increase for those with challenging work. a. True b. False

b. False

Extrinsic rewards of work include pride in a job well done and friendship at the workplace. a. True b. False

b. False

Individuals high in analytic intelligence are able to better handle the tasks of adulthood. a. True b. False

b. False

It is difficult to determine who is a smart person, but it is easy to determine which nation is smartest. a. True b. False

b. False

Stratification theories maintain that social forces promote individual choice. a. True b. False

b. False

The existence of the Hayflick limit disproves the theory of the genetic clock. a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the following is TRUE regarding wisdom? a. A universal definition of wisdom exists. b. Humor, perspective, and altruism increase over the decades. c. Wisdom increases with age. d. The elderly do not have an advantage in developing wisdom.

b. Humor, perspective, and altruism increase over the decades.

Which of the following statements about IQ is true? a. In adulthood, chronological age and culture are the prime determinants of IQ. b. In adulthood, chronological age, culture, context, and personal choices are all influential in determining IQ. c. In adulthood, chronological age is the prime determinant of IQ. d. In adulthood, culture is the prime determinant of IQ.

b. In adulthood, chronological age, culture, context, and personal choices are all influential in determining IQ.

Which statement about palliative care of a dying patient is FALSE? a. It focuses on relieving pain and suffering. b. It is designed to treat the patient's illness. c. Its purpose is to relieve emotional and social pain for patients and their families. d. It helps relieve a patient's physical pain.

b. It is designed to treat the patient's illness.

Which of the following is true regarding senescence? a. It can prevent heart disease. b. It is highly variable within and between people. c. It is the cause of many illnesses in adulthood. d. It often leads to depression in late adulthood.

b. It is highly variable within and between people.

Death from opioid use is more likely for: a. Mark, a 55-year-old man. b. Juan, a 50-year-old man. c. Stacey, a 16-year-old female. d. Margo, a 25-year-old woman.

b. Juan, a 50-year-old man.

Why do adults need to eat less each year? a. As they get older, they exercise less. b. Metabolism slows down. c. Environmental variables make weight gain more likely. d. The ability to digest is compromised.

b. Metabolism slows down.

Which of the following is true about late adulthood and emotions? a. Sadness and anxiety are common in most people in late adulthood. b. Most elderly people are content with their lives. c. Depression is not treatable in late adulthood. d. Most elderly people feel despair about their lives.

b. Most elderly people are content with their lives.

Which of the following is NOT true about most elders? a. Most elders are caregivers rather than receivers of care. b. Most elders rely on others for basic care. c. A minority of elders live with their adult children. d. Ten percent of individuals age 80 or older are in nursing homes or hospitals.

b. Most elders rely on others for basic care.

_____ is a public and ritualistic expression of bereavement. a. Grief b. Mourning c. Karma d. Despair

b. Mourning

Which of the following is NOT a reason that, at age 85, women outnumber men two to one? a. Women have more friends. b. Old men die at a higher rate than do old women. c. Women's biology protects them. d. Women take better care of themselves.

b. Old men die at a higher rate than do old women.

The most common form of frontotemporal NCD is _____. a. vascular disease b. Pick disease c. Alzheimer's disease d. Lewy body dementia

b. Pick disease

What is the relationship between primary aging and disease? a. Primary aging causes a variety of diseases. b. Primary aging makes disease more likely c. Primary aging serves to protect a person from diseases by strengthening immune responses. d. Diseases accelerate primary aging.

b. Primary aging makes disease more likely

Researchers have found that morbidity and disability are correlated with: a. education. b. SES. c. employment rate. d. race.

b. SES.

A series of ministrokes is called: a. MIA. b. TIA. c. delirium. d. major cognitive disorder stroke.

b. TIA.

A typical adult becomes a little less neurotic and open and a little more agreeable and conscientious with age. a. False b. True

b. True

ADLs include such things as eating, bathing, dressing, and moving from a bed to a chair. a. False b. True

b. True

Abstract thinking and speed of thinking are some of the mental abilities that make up fluid intelligence. a. False b. True

b. True

According to one theory of aging, the genetic clock gradually switches off the genes that promote growth and switches on genes that promote aging. a. False b. True

b. True

Alzheimer's disease is always genetic in origin. a. False b. True

b. True

Anthony could not remember whether he had learned about a news item from the newspaper, the television newscast, or from the Internet due to source amnesia. a. False b. True

b. True

Beginning in middle adulthood, hypertension can greatly harm brain functioning. a. False b. True

b. True

Control processes depend on the prefrontal cortex. a. False b. True

b. True

Erik Erikson developed one of the most comprehensive self theories. a. False b. True

b. True

Most adults feel strong, capable, healthy, and "in their prime." a. False b. True

b. True

New neurons form in adulthood, and dendrites continue to grow with new experiences. a. False b. True

b. True

Older adults who want to remain in their homes as they age are expressing a desire to age in place. a. False b. True

b. True

Plaques and tangles in the brain characterize Alzheimer's disease. a. False b. True

b. True

The Seattle Longitudinal Study is the first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence. The results suggest that by age 60, everyone declines in at least one of the basic abilities, but not until age 88 are declines in all five skills apparent in all subjects. a. False b. True

b. True

The average life expectancy in the United States is predicted to increase by 2065. a. False b. True

b. True

The consequences of obesity are psychological as well as physical. a. False b. True

b. True

The drop in testosterone levels of older men is known as "andropause." a. False b. True

b. True

The elderly may perform better on ecologically valid tests than on standard tests of cognitive ability. a. False b. True

b. True

The first TIA a person suffers serves as a warning that more strokes are likely to follow. a. False b. True

b. True

The superior strategies of the expert permit selective optimization with compensation. a. False b. True

b. True

Weekend work, especially with mandatory overtime, is particularly difficult for father-child relationships. a. False b. True

b. True

In Oregon, the law requires which of the following for patients seeking physician-assisted suicide? a. The dying person must request the drugs twice in writing. b. Two physicians must confirm that the person is terminally ill. c. The dying person must sign a waiver that is notarized. d. The dying person and family must be Oregon residents.

b. Two physicians must confirm that the person is terminally ill.

Which of the following is important to the cognitive gains of older adults, although they do not exist in every nation? a. the "Elder War" computer game b. Universities for the Third Age c. mind-enhancing drugs d. a new yoga practice

b. Universities for the Third Age

"Compression of morbidity" refers to: a. the diminished capacity of the elderly. b. a shortening of the time spent ill or infirmed. c. the limited number of illnesses that most elderly have. d. the minimal role that prevention plays when it comes to illnesses in old age.

b. a shortening of the time spent ill or infirmed.

The second most common cause of major neurocognitive disorder is: a. dementia. b. a stroke. c. genetics. d. increased age.

b. a stroke.

According to Maslow, people who do not receive ___________ cannot move on to __________. a. esteem; success b. acceptance; esteem c. acceptance; love d. love; belonging

b. acceptance; esteem

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as _____. a. open and receptive b. active and outgoing c. depressed and anxious d. creative and intelligent

b. active and outgoing

According to the text, the easiest form of nonbiological parenting may be _____. foster a. parenting b. adoption c. grandparenthood d. kinkeeping

b. adoption

Which -ism is the least recognized? a. ableism b. ageism c. racism d. sexism

b. ageism

Alice, age 75, is a gifted artist who feels that only her _____ has changed as a result of her being older. a. goals b. ambition c. quality of work d. ability

b. ambition

Viewing pornography is more likely by: a. a prepubescent female. b. an adolescent male. c. an adult man. d. a middle-aged woman.

b. an adolescent male.

n Thailand, when people are close to death they typically: a. are left alone. b. are taken back home. c. want a religious official present. d. want just family members in the room.

b. are taken back home.

Intellectual tools passed down from generation to generation that may assist in learning within societies are referred to as "cognitive _____." a. optimizers b. artifacts c. modifier d. stools

b. artifacts

A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12 months. They decide to consult a doctor about their inability to conceive. After several tests, the doctor suggests that perhaps they will need to use _____ because of a low sperm count. a. arranged reproductive technology b. assisted reproductive technology c. alternative medical technology d. natural methods

b. assisted reproductive technology

The most important buffer against the loss that comes from such stressors as retirement or widowhood is having _____. a. a home of one's own b. at least one close friend c. paid caregivers d. several grandchildren

b. at least one close friend

This is a method of responding to a stressor by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it. a. problem-focused coping b. avoidant coping c. confrontational coping d. emotion-focused coping

b. avoidant coping

Typically, fatally ill children fear death mainly because it means: a. their parents will be alone. b. being abandoned. c. they are leaving a sibling. d. All of these are correct.

b. being abandoned.

Neanderthals buried their dead with tools, bowls, or jewelry, signifying: a. belief in a resurrection. b. belief in an afterlife. c. belief in the finality of death. d. belief in limited death.

b. belief in an afterlife.

Loss of density in which of the following contributes to people's loss of height as they age? a. tendons b. bones c. cartilage d. leg muscles

b. bones

Which of the following is NOT a way in which older adolescents and emerging adults deal with death anxiety? a. by using ageism to distance themselves from death b. by not thinking about death c. by becoming more conscientious and loyal members of their community d. by taking greater risks themselves

b. by not thinking about death

People who have had a similar experience and then attend the rituals and ceremonies of someone they did not know personally: a. are lonely. b. can help survivors. c. have morbid interest. d. want to be seen as caring.

b. can help survivors.

General intelligence (g): a. consists of three components. b. cannot be measured directly, but it can be inferred. c. consists of seven components. d. can be directly measured.

b. cannot be measured directly, but it can be inferred.

From about ages 20 to 70, _____ seem(s) to have the LEAST influence on intelligence test scores. a. specific genes b. chronological age c. national values d. education

b. chronological age

The style of grandparenting that is the most common in the United States and other developing nations is the "_____" style. a. traditional b. companionate c. involved d. remote

b. companionate

Storage mechanisms, retrieval strategies, selective attention, and problem solving are all considered _____. a. explicit memories b. control processes c. unconscious processes d. implicit memories

b. control processes

Self theory emphasizes the: a. social forces that limit or expand a person's choices. b. core self or the search to maintain integrity and identity. c. integration of unique experiences with the needs of the community. d. life-affirming involvement in the present.

b. core self or the search to maintain integrity and identity.

Nelma is a healthy 70-year-old who would like to learn to play video games with her grandson. According to research on learning late in life, Nelma _____. a. is past the age where learning to play video games is possible b. could learn to play games if she begins at the easiest level and practices regularly c. could learn to play games in the short term but would soon forget and need to be retaught d. should spend her time doing crossword puzzles instead, because they help prevent major neurocognitive disorder

b. could learn to play games if she begins at the easiest level and practices regularly

In later adulthood, attitudes about death shift once more as anxiety _________ and hope _______. a. increases; increases b. decreases; increases c. becomes extreme; becomes nonexistent d. becomes very high; decreases

b. decreases; increases

Morbidity refers to the rates of _______ of all kinds in a population. a. mortality b. diseases c. disability d. death

b. diseases

In late adulthood, accepting one's mortality: a. is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. b. does not mean giving up on living. c. is considered normal upon diagnosis of any one of the most common lifestyle illnesses. d. suggests a risk for suicide.

b. does not mean giving up on living.

Lloyd has retired from his career as a city administrator, disengaging from his work life. In a case like this, disengagement in one area of life _____. a. means that Lloyd will certainly disengage from all other areas of life, too b. does not necessarily mean that Lloyd will disengage from other areas of life c. is the start of Lloyd's decline d. proves that disengagement theory is more accurate than activity theory

b. does not necessarily mean that Lloyd will disengage from other areas of life

Which of the following is NOT an example of a "hassle"? a. traffic jam b. earthquake c. rude strangers d. noise while trying to sleep

b. earthquake

Elderly drivers have fewer car accidents than young people do, because _____. a. younger drivers are impaired by poor peripheral and night vision b. elderly drivers compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and avoiding night driving c. their reaction time slows, preventing quick responses d. strict laws require retesting for drivers over age 65

b. elderly drivers compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and avoiding night driving

The skill, flexibility, and strategies needed to raise a family most likely require: a. analytic intelligence. b. expertise. c. being young and energetic. d. a high IQ.

b. expertise.

The most abuse and harm caused by alcohol use is in: a. the United States. b. Muslim nations. c. wealthier developed nations. d. poorer nations.

d. poorer nations.

During the past 50 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all _____. a. birth control side effects b. fertility problems c. age-related diseases d. sexually transmitted infections

b. fertility problems

Jeremy was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family, to the point where they fondly referred to him as "our newfound son." The family "adopted" Jeremy as _____. a. a surrogate sibling b. fictive kin c. a kindred brother d. a foster son

b. fictive kin

Marco, from El Salvador, lives in the United States and rarely sees his family. He has become very close to his roommate's family; the family includes him in all family events. Marco is viewed by this family as: a. a linked member. b. fictive kin. c. a family member. d. a member of the household.

b. fictive kin.

What form of basic intelligence enables us to adapt and learn new things? a. crystallized b. fluid c. bodily-kinesthetic d. naturalistic

b. fluid

Gerry does well with and enjoys playing Trivial Pursuit, solving crossword puzzles, and writing poetry. He may be high in: a. general intelligence. b. fluid intelligence. c. crystallized intelligence. d. postformal intelligence.

b. fluid intelligence.

A set of stages of dying based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs has which need first? a. no abandonment b. freedom from pain c. love from close family and friends d. respect from caregivers

b. freedom from pain

Most people in late adulthood who maintain sufficient intellectual powers: a. None of these answers is correct. b. gain a greater appreciation of aesthetics and become creative. c. become depressed and sedentary. d. also become reflective about the losses in their lives.

b. gain a greater appreciation of aesthetics and become creative.

This is a purported mechanism in the DNA of cells that regulates the aging process by triggering hormonal changes and controlling cellular reproduction and repair. a. wear-and-tear b. genetic clock c. the Hayflick limit d. cellular aging

b. genetic clock

Ageism can prevent depressed elderly people from: a. becoming ill. b. getting medical assistance for treatable conditions c. having family problems. d. committing suicide.

b. getting medical assistance for treatable conditions

Which parts of the brain shrink the most in later life? a. hippocampus and corpus callosum b. hippocampus and prefrontal cortex c. prefrontal cortex and thalamus d. prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus

b. hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

This is the leading risk factor for disease in Asia, North Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. a. senescence b. hypertension c. circulation d. diabetes

b. hypertension

In the United States, only 3 percent of older people live _____. a. at home b. in nursing homes c. independently d. with an adult child

b. in nursing homes

Murders and suicides often trigger police investigations that can interfere with the grieving process and lead to: a. disenfranchised grief. b. incomplete grief. c. complicated grief. d. absent grief.

b. incomplete grief.

In controlled longitudinal studies, the U.S. Women's Health Initiative found that taking estrogen and progesterone _____ the risk of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer. a. decreased b. increased c. had no impact on d. eliminated

b. increased

Results from K. Warner Schaie's study reveal that more recent generations of women have intelligence test scores that have _____. a. declined b. increased c. barely changed d. maintained stability

b. increased

Wisdom: a. is not a social virtue. b. increases for some individuals with age. c. describes the majority at any age. d. is most common for those who are in young adulthood.

b. increases for some individuals with age.

Edward is 71 years old and is taking an adult-education Spanish class. He often finds himself in class having difficulty paying attention, daydreaming, and experiencing intrusive memories from his past. Edward did not have these issues when he was a college student in his 20s. Edward's experience could be explained by which of the following? a. multitasking b. inefficient control processes c. reduced brain reserves d. compensation

b. inefficient control processes

Malcolm has been the director of a regional theater group for 20 years. In this creative job, he would be most likely to display the _________ characteristic of his expertise. a. automatic b. intuitive c. strategic d. flexible

b. intuitive

Which example relies MOST heavily on crystallized intelligence? a. putting together a puzzle b. knowing the chemical symbols for various elements c. exhibiting creativity with words d. analyzing relationships between concepts

b. knowing the chemical symbols for various elements

Osteoporosis results not only from primary and secondary aging but also from too _____. a. much calcium b. little exercise c. much exercise d. few pregnancies

b. little exercise

Absent grief is most likely a consequence of: a. the high murder rate. b. living away from family and friends. c. a culture that does not value life. d. being an agnostic or atheist.

b. living away from family and friends.

Of the reasons cited by Oregon residents seeking physician assistance in dying, which was the most common? a. loss of dignity b. loss of autonomy c. pain d. burden on others

b. loss of autonomy

According to the text, which two factors protect health? a. money and attitudes b. money and education c. attitudes and expectations d. attitudes and education

b. money and education

One difference between stories told by people in late adulthood and younger people is that older adults often include: a. names of the people in the stories. b. more information about experiences of other family members and cohorts rather than just their own personal experiences. c. less detail about relationships and more historical information. d. incorrect historical information.

b. more information about experiences of other family members and cohorts rather than just their own personal experiences.

Which of the following would be a component of palliative care? a. refusal of surgical procedures b. morphine c. chemotherapy d. nausea-inducing medications

b. morphine

The purpose of _____ is to aid loved ones in moving beyond _____. a. grief; bereavement b. mourning; grief c. grief; mourning d. bereavement; grief

b. mourning; grief

This is an example of selective optimization, which becomes more difficult with age. a. reading b. multitasking c. conversing d. bathing

b. multitasking

Patients entering hospice care: a. do not accept death. b. must be terminally ill. c. are more likely to be African American. d. anticipate death in the next 12 months.

b. must be terminally ill.

In the United States, about _____ of all workers have nonstandard schedules. a. three-quarters b. one-third c. one-half d. one-fourth

b. one-third

Researchers believe that Alzheimer's disease is _____ genetic. a. not b. partly c. rarely d. completely

b. partly

Schaie found that which type of intelligence remained steady in 20- to 70-year-olds? a. analytic b. practical c. crystallized d. creative

b. practical

Excessive amounts of beta-amyloid and tau proteins in the brain: a. have little effect on the communication channels among neurons. b. proliferate in the hippocampus. c. prevent plaques and tangles from forming in the cerebral cortex. d. overly stimulate the cerebral cortex.

b. proliferate in the hippocampus.

A prediction that comes true because people believe it is called a: a. cellular aging. b. self-fulfilling prophecy. c. universal design. d. wear-and-tear.

b. self-fulfilling prophecy.

The divide between what is sensed and what is not is known as the _____. a. input level b. sensory threshold c. source amnesia d. working memory

b. sensory threshold

Sometimes people take certain medications or _____ to extend life. a. R cells b. sirtuins c. antibodies d. telomeres

b. sirtuins

If a person is experiencing stress and the person's organ reserve is depleted, the physiological toll of those stressors can _____. a. produce long, deep sleeps b. speed up the heart c. decrease blood pressure d. boost the immune system

b. speed up the heart

The percentage of adults in the United States who are obese has: a. increased. b. stabilized. c. doubled. d. decreased.

b. stabilized.

Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic, _____, and _____ in their thinking. a. analytical; inflexible b. strategic; flexible c. flexible; analytical d. strategic; inflexible

b. strategic; flexible

The number of times a human cell is capable of dividing into two new cells is called: a. genetic clock. b. the Hayflick limit. c. cellular aging. d. genetic limit.

b. the Hayflick limit.

The term "andropause," or "male menopause," is sometimes used to refer to _____. a. impotence as a reaction to a wife's menopause b. the age-related reduction in testosterone c. the sudden loss in fertility in a middle-aged man d. the sudden drop in testosterone that generally occurs at about age 50

b. the age-related reduction in testosterone

Menopause refers to: a. the stage between ages 42 and 58 when menstruation stops and hormone production drops. b. the cessation of menstruation. c. a loss of fertility. d. a decline in the level of sex hormones.

b. the cessation of menstruation.

Infertility is defined as: a. a physical condition that prevents pregnancy. b. the failure to conceive a child after a year or more of intercourse without contraception. c. lacking motile sperm or viable eggs. d. the failure to conceive a child after six months or more of intercourse without contraception.

b. the failure to conceive a child after a year or more of intercourse without contraception.

Pamela, the oldest of six siblings, has taken total responsibility for the care of her elderly mother, who lives with Pamela. Pamela has noticed that compared to her siblings she is: a. more unhappy and depressed than any of them. b. typically happier than they are. c. feeling isolated. d. mainly doing so to maintain control of her mother's care.

b. typically happier than they are.

The creation of settings and equipment that can be used by everyone, whether or not they are able-bodied and sensory-acute, is referred to as: a. transparent design. b. universal design. c. wear-and-tear. d. friendly design.

b. universal design.

A study of widows and widowers found that: a. 15 percent were depressed at every assessment after the loss. b. 30 percent experienced normal grief. c. 66 percent were resilient. d. 10 percent were more depressed after the death than before.

c. 66 percent were resilient.

Maria, 45, works as a waitress and is very popular with her customers because they know that they can count on her to serve them in good time when there is a rush. This trait can best be related to Maria's: a. computation skills. b. use of strategies to compensate for some losses. c. physical skills. d. memory abilities.

b. use of strategies to compensate for some losses.

Infertility is most common: a. in wealthy nations. b. when medical care is scarce. c. in urban areas. d. in rural areas.

b. when medical care is scarce.

Frank's _____ is probably as good as it was when he was younger if he can slow down and focus. a. long-term memory b. working memory c. knowledge base d. explicit memory

b. working memory

Speed of cognition is crucial especially in: a. explicit memory. b. working memory. c. long-term memory. d. sensory memory.

b. working memory.

Processing information in the conscious mind is to _____ memory as permanent knowledge is to _____ memory. a. implicit; explicit b. working; long-term c. explicit; implicit d. long-term; working

b. working; long-term

In general, the _____ are aged 65 to 75. a. old-old b. young-old c. oldest-old d. old-old and oldest-old

b. young-old

Ed and Janet have been married for 60 years. When asked to share their secret to a long marriage, Ed replied, _____ a. "She depends on me for money." b. "We spend ample time apart." c. "We have learned how to disagree." d. "We each have our own friends instead of a combined social circle."

c. "We have learned how to disagree."

Designing settings and equipment so that they can be used by everyone—able-bodied, sensory-acute, or not—is known as _____ a. the "built environment." b. a "hearing loop." c. "universal design." d. the Americans with Disability Act.

c. "universal design."

A fall that breaks a major bone leads to death for _____ of those with osteoporosis within one year. a. 1 percent b. 5 percent c. 10 percent d. 12 percent

c. 10 percent

What percentage of those over age 65 can see well without eyeglasses? a. 17 percent b. 33 percent c. 10 percent d. 26 percent

c. 10 percent

Motor-vehicle accidents reached their peak in: a. 2000. b. 1960. c. 1980. d. 1920.

c. 1980.

About what percentage of people in Japan never marry? a. 50 percent b. 10 percent c. 20 percent d. 40 percent

c. 20 percent

Robert Sternberg has proposed _____ fundamental forms of intelligence. a. 11 b. 8 c. 3 d. 6

c. 3

The estimated number of U.S. residents living with a serious neurocognitive disorder is at around _____ million. a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 3

c. 4

For nonsmokers, vital capacity of lungs is reduced _____ per decade. a. 1 percent b. 6 percent c. 4 percent d. 3 percent

c. 4 percent

What percentage of women over the age of 80 are in an intimate relationship and have had sexual intercourse in the past year? a. 80 percent b. 60 percent c. 40 percent d. 20 percent

c. 40 percent

From a biological perspective, would-be fathers should try to conceive before age: a. 30. b. 50. c. 40. d. 45.

c. 40.

Hearing is most acute at about age _____. a. 10 b. 35 c. 5 d. 20

c. 5

At which age is an individual likely to experience the slowest sexual arousal? a. 18 b. 45 c. 60 d. 30

c. 60

In the United States, the average life expectancy at birth is: a. 73. b. 77. c. 80. d. 82.

c. 80.

Which of the following statements about cellular aging is true? a. Cells from adults are able to duplicate more quickly and more times than are cells from embryos. b. Cells can replicate indefinitely, but errors do occur. c. Aging may be caused by the inevitable loss of the ability of cells to duplicate perfectly. d. Damage is caused by free radicals that slow down the cell-duplication process.

c. Aging may be caused by the inevitable loss of the ability of cells to duplicate perfectly.

Which of the following produce premature aging and early death? a. Alzheimer's disease and progeria b. Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome c. ApoE4 and progeria d. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease

c. ApoE4 and progeria

As a value, filial responsibility is especially strong in _____. a. the Netherlands b. Argentina c. Asia d. Mexico

c. Asia

Which of the following countries have a higher male life expectancy than the United States? a. Russia b. Mexico c. Australia d. India

c. Australia

Which of the following is not an example of an elderly person engaging in a life review? a. Timothy is reflecting on his relationship with God and religion. b. Henry is going over significant events in his life and is reinterpreting the meaning of these events. c. Barbara is reading a book about traveling the world. d. Isla is reflecting on her relationship with her children and older grandchildren.

c. Barbara is reading a book about traveling the world.

Who proposed the existence of fluid and crystallized intelligences? a. Sternberg b. Flynn c. Cattell and Horn d. Stanford and Bailey

c. Cattell and Horn

The Swedish research cited in the text suggested which of the following when comparing centenarians and octogenarians? a. Social support for the centenarians is greater since there are fewer of them and they are considered rare. b. Women maintain better cognitive function than men because of their social role to nurture and their greater need for social connection. c. Centenarians may be happier based on the data that they have fewer mental and physical problems. d. IQ has the most influence on longevity.

c. Centenarians may be happier based on the data that they have fewer mental and physical problems.

_____ is more strongly predictive of health than any other factor. a. Gender b. Chronological age c. Feeling youthful d. Residing with family

c. Feeling youthful

Which of the following is TRUE regarding fluid intelligence? a. Fluid intelligence is the accumulation of facts, information, and knowledge as a result of education and experience. b. Fluid intelligence is an outgrowth of crystalized intelligence. c. Fluid intelligence is quick and flexible, enabling people to learn anything, even things that are unfamiliar and unconnected to what they already know. d. The size of a person's vocabulary indicates fluid intelligence.

c. Fluid intelligence is quick and flexible, enabling people to learn anything, even things that are unfamiliar and unconnected to what they already know.

_____ are chosen to be part of one's social convoy. a. Children b. Parents c. Friends d. Siblings

c. Friends

Which individual is most at risk for significant brain loss by age 65? a. Oswald, who has normal blood pressure b. Kevin, who jogs 3 miles five days a week c. Hank, who drinks five beers per day d. Jerome, who watches three hours of TV a day

c. Hank, who drinks five beers per day

Caskets are open in _____ cultures but always closed in _____ cultures. a. Korean; Muslim b. Asian; Christian c. Hindu; Islamic d. Christian; Asian

c. Hindu; Islamic

Loss of density in which of the following contributes to people's loss of height as they age? a. cartilage b. tendons c. bones d leg muscles

c. bones

Which of the following is inaccurate regarding end-of-life care? a. Family members disagree about what is the acceptable degree of suffering. b. Hospital staff members sometimes ignore the patient's preferences. c. It involves certainties. d. Proxies may choose measures that the dying person explicitly refused.

c. It involves certainties.

Death from opioid use is more likely for: a. Stacey, a 16-year-old female. b. Margo, a 25-year-old woman. c. Juan, a 50-year-old man. d. Mark, a 55-year-old man.

c. Juan, a 50-year-old man.

In _____, the dead person is bathed by the next of kin. a. Christianity b. Navajo cultures c. Muslim cultures d. Judaism

c. Muslim cultures

Which of the following brain changes in adulthood surprised scientists when it was discovered? a. The corpus callosum increases. b. Myelination thins. c. New neurons are formed. d. Neural fluid decreases.

c. New neurons are formed.

Which of the following statements about the brain in adulthood is true? a. The brain continues to grow rapidly in late adulthood. b. Senescence increases production of neurotransmitters. c. New neurons form and new dendrites grow throughout adulthood. d. Brain growth stops in young adulthood.

c. New neurons form and new dendrites grow throughout adulthood.

Which of the following statements is characteristic of the memory of older adults? a. The spelling of older adults is better than their speech. b. Older adults are less likely to have tip-of-the-tongue forgetfulness. c. Older adults benefit from learning control strategies. d. Older adults are better at recall than recognition.

c. Older adults benefit from learning control strategies.

A type of neurocognitive disorder that begins with impairments in motor control but not impaired thinking is: a. Alzheimer's disease. b. vascular dementia. c. Parkinson's disease. d. Pick disease.

c. Parkinson's disease.

_____ protects health between nations as well as within them. a. Gender b. Race c. SES d. Ethnicity

c. SES

Joan suffered a ministroke, but the symptoms disappeared shortly thereafter, and the event went unnoticed by friends and family. What is likely to happen next? a. She will continue to lead a full, active life, because ministrokes are isolated events that do not often happen again. b. She will need physical therapy to prevent future problems. c. She will most likely have other strokes; the first one was a warning. d. She will develop Parkinson's disease.

c. She will most likely have other strokes; the first one was a warning.

Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is true? a. It involves replacing testosterone that naturally declines with age. b. Research on its use has yielded consistent findings. c. Some findings may have been affected by SES. d. It increases the risk of osteoporosis.

c. Some findings may have been affected by SES.

Which of the following is true? a. Sex differences in hearing loss are not apparent. b. Most men cannot understand loud conversations. c. Sounds at high frequencies are lost earlier than those at lower frequencies. d. Few women can understand a whisper.

c. Sounds at high frequencies are lost earlier than those at lower frequencies.

Judith and Kai are trying to conceive. Which of the following should Kai avoid in order to maximize the health of his sperm? a. obesity b. neither obesity nor disease c. both obesity and disease d. disease

c. both obesity and disease

Which of the following is a problem with longitudinal IQ testing? a. Most participants participate at each stage of data collection. b. The test takes into account the environmental changes affecting the participants over time. c. The participants become better test takers, which may improve their scores over time. d. A different IQ assessment is given each time.

c. The participants become better test takers, which may improve their scores over time

Which of the following statements most accurately describes what happens to intelligence with age? a. All forms of intelligence decline with age. b. The types of intelligence that are maintained in old age cannot be measured. c. We get smarter in some ways and our abilities decline in others. d. Though all forms of intelligence necessarily decline with age, the losses can be modified by the environment.

c. We get smarter in some ways and our abilities decline in others.

Mark suffers from alcohol use disorder and has abused alcohol for decades. He is at an increased risk for developing: a. hypertension. b. Alzheimer's disease. c. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. d. diabetes.

c. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Pitskhelauri found that long-lived people share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. a belief that family and community are important. b. diets consisting mostly of fresh fruits and vegetables with little meat or fat. c. a commitment to retirement from work. d. exercise and relaxation are part of their daily routine.

c. a commitment to retirement from work.

Those who work with the dying and bereaved note that the lessons of death may lead to: a. stronger religious beliefs. b. health care proxies. c. a greater appreciation of life. d. disenfranchised grief.

c. a greater appreciation of life.

ADLs are _____. a. aged developmental limitations b. Alzheimer disease lessons c. activities of daily life d. associations for disabled living

c. activities of daily life

The theory that is contrary to disengagement theory is _____ theory. a. identity b. feminist c. activity d. epigenetic

c. activity

The view that elderly people need to remain active in a variety of social spheres is called "______." a. disengagement theories b. positivity effect c. activity theory d. stratification theories

c. activity theory

Longitudinal research on measuring intelligence is more accurate than cross-sectional research. However, there are three drawbacks to this research design. Which of the following is NOT one of the drawbacks? a. the loss of some participants across time, which could skew the results b. unusual events affecting each cohort, and more mundane changes making the data on one cohort less relevant to later cohorts c. an inability to determine continuity and discontinuity of intellectual development d. repeated testing provides practice, which could improve scores

c. an inability to determine continuity and discontinuity of intellectual development

Adults whose parents died when they were children: a. find mourning easier. b. prefer private rituals. c. are more distraught over death. d. need family support less.

c. are more distraught over death.

Regular exercise protects against serious illness during which stage of development? a. adolescence b. childhood c. at every stage of life d. adulthood

c. at every stage of life

The responsibility for the frail elderly rests with: a. family members. b. neither social agencies nor family members. c. both social agencies and family members. d. social agencies.

c. both social agencies and family members

In the late 1970s, a group of Harvard physicians determined that the activity of which organ should be used to define death? a. pulse b. lung c. brain d. heart

c. brain

Researchers have found that cognitive abilities can be improved: a. by doing intellectual puzzles. b. with computers. c. by playing video games. d. by doing crossword puzzles.

c. by playing video games.

An adult expresses generativity by: a. watching TV for six hours a day. b. walking a mile every day. c. caring for others, such as young children. d. working at a job that is likely to get him an important promotion.

c. caring for others, such as young children.

Terman's research focused on what population? a. developmentally delayed infants b. adults suffering from dementia c. child geniuses d. World War I draftees

c. child geniuses

Which of the following is an example of selective optimization with compensation? a. compensating for a cognitive loss by developing a new physical skill b. doing only those activities for which you are paid (compensated) c. choosing to further develop the skills that you are good at as you adapt to cognitive changes in adulthood d. choosing to further develop your skills in those things that have always been a challenge for you

c. choosing to further develop the skills that you are good at as you adapt to cognitive changes in adulthood

Which of the following is an example of selective optimization with compensation? a. doing only those activities for which you are paid (compensated) b. compensating for a cognitive loss by developing a new physical skill c. choosing to further develop the skills that you are good at as you adapt to cognitive changes in adulthood d. choosing to further develop your skills in those things that have always been a challenge for you

c. choosing to further develop the skills that you are good at as you adapt to cognitive changes in adulthood

Which of the following refers to a deep state of unconsciousness from which the person cannot be aroused? a. locked-in syndrome b. brain death c. coma d. vegetative state

c. coma

A long-term partnership correlates with health and happiness throughout adulthood and late adulthood. For most people, then, _____ is the crucial aspect of love in a partnership. a. infatuation b. passion c. commitment d. intimacy

c. commitment

One research study described in the text had older adults play a video game for 20 hours to see whether training could improve their: a. long-term memory. b. name recognition. c. control processes. d. working memory.

c. control processes.

What is the best method to understand the effects of age on intelligence? a. cross-sectional b. psychometric c. cross-sequential d. longitudinal

c. cross-sequential

As we age, our _____ intelligence becomes aging-resistant, and our _____ intelligence becomes aging-sensitive. a. general; fluid b. fluid; crystallized c. crystallized; fluid d. crystallized; general

c. crystallized; fluid

With respect to intelligence testing in adulthood, scores on items measuring fluid intelligence _____ with age, and scores on items measuring crystallized intelligence _____ with age. a. increase; increase b. increase; decrease c. decrease; increase d. decrease; decrease

c. decrease; increase

The process of changing a habit is long and multistepped. Which is the first step in this process? a. maintenance b. planning c. denial d. awareness

c. denial

The defining feature of disability is: a. harmed family relationships. b. mortality. c. difficulty performing activities of daily life. d. morbidity.

c. difficulty performing activities of daily life.

What was the most common cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds in the early twentieth century? a. homicide b. suicide c. diseases d. accidents

c. diseases

A man who is almost 65 years old withdraws from his connections with younger people and his coworkers stop asking him for help. Which theory says this behavior is a natural part of aging? a. selective optimization b. self-actualization c. disengagement d. continuity

c. disengagement

Hayflick believes that aging is inevitable because: a. the telomeres lengthen. b. toxins reduce the levels of telomeres being produced. c. eventually the telomere is gone and cell duplication ceases. d. of inevitable errors in DNA.

c. eventually the telomere is gone and cell duplication ceases.

Which of the following increases gradually beginning in midlife? a. atrobycusis b. presbycusis c. farsightedness d. nearsightedness

c. farsightedness

As we age, the lens of the eye changes shape. This leads to: a. nearsightedness. b. presbycusis. c. farsightedness. d. atrobycusis.

c. farsightedness.

Individuals who are accepted into families that are not their legal or biological families are called "_____." a. generative allies b. kinkeepers c. fictive kin d. social convoys

c. fictive kin

Which of the following is NOT one of Sternberg's three fundamental forms of intelligence? a. practical b. analytic c. fluid d. creative

c. fluid

Which is one of Erik Erikson's stages of adulthood? a. trust versus mistrust b. initiative versus guilt c. generativity versus stagnation d. industry versus inferiority

c. generativity versus stagnation

Age of menopause is affected by: a. genes. b. diet. c. genes and exercise. d. exercise.

c. genes and exercise.

Which stressor may be more damaging during adulthood because they are ongoing and chronic? a. epidemics b. disasters c. hassles d. floods

c. hassles

Other research on the sequential stages in the process of dying: a. have replicated the findings based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. b. No one has yet tried to replicate this research. c. have not been able to replicate the sequential stages of dying. d. have replicated Kübler-Ross's findings.

c. have not been able to replicate the sequential stages of dying.

High blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. What is another term for high blood pressure? a. circulation b. senescence c. hypertension d. diabetes

c. hypertension

Edna, age 71, has excellent pronunciation but poor spelling. She frequently forgets the word or phrase she is trying to use, telling others that it is "on the tip of her tongue." These characteristics may be the result of _____. a. decreased inhibition b. impaired vision c. inadequate control processes d. poor muscular coordination

c. inadequate control processes

Many elderly believe that they may suffer from _____. However, their changing sleep pattern is perfectly normal for the aging population. a. sleep apnea b. hearing loss c. insomnia d. vision impairment

c. insomnia

In which of Erikson's stages do adults seek a reciprocal connection with another human being? a. generativity versus stagnation b. integrity versus despair c. intimacy versus isolation d. identity versus role diffusion

c. intimacy versus isolation

A five-nation study found that this predicts happiness in long-lasting intimate relationships. a. caressing and cuddling b. sexual intercourse c. kissing and hugging d. kissing and sex talk

c. kissing and hugging

According to Erik Erikson, the dichotomy of integrity versus despair is the focus of _____. a. early adulthood b. adolescence c. late adulthood d. middle adulthood

c. late adulthood

A terminally ill 40-year-old is most likely to be worried about: a. enjoying his or her final days. b. whether or not he or she will die painlessly. c. leaving something undone. d. leaving a legacy.

c. leaving something undone.

Reaction time _____ with age. a. stays about the same b. fluctuates c. lengthens d. shortens

c. lengthens

Physical aging is _____ than most younger people might think. a. harder b. more devastating c. less likely to cause impairment d. more discouraging

c. less likely to cause impairment

Which of the following is NOT correlated with deterioration of cognition? a. gait speed b. physical disability c. level of education d. slower movement

c. level of education

A ___________ indicates what medical intervention is wanted or not wanted if a person is unable to express any preferences. a. health care proxy b. PDR c. living will d. DNR

c. living will

Practice is most likely to affect results when which research approach is used to study IQ? a. psychometric b. cross-sequential c. longitudinal d. cross-sectional

c. longitudinal

As the elderly adjust to senescence, what is the single most important variable that affects their living a healthy life during that period? a. having lots of friends b. focusing on the objects that they possess c. maintaining a sense of self-concept and identity d.spending a lot of time with family

c. maintaining a sense of self-concept and identity

In the research of 26 nations, which group was found to believe overall that the elderly are wise? a. people in middle adulthood b. children c. most people everywhere d. the elderly

c. most people everywhere

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by: a. less than normal amounts of beta-amyloid and tau. b. acute, severe memory loss and confusion that disappears in hours or days. c. multiple plaques and tangles in the hippocampus. d. senile psychosis.

c. multiple plaques and tangles in the hippocampus.

Assisted living can be thought of as a combination of _____. a. independent living and aging in place b. kinship care and hospital care c. nursing home care and independent living d. hospital care and independent living

c. nursing home care and independent living

The best employees may be: a. younger, faster workers. b. experts. c. older, more experienced workers. d. None of these is correct.

c. older, more experienced workers.

Research suggests that about _____ of the time, divorce ends an abusive, destructive relationship. a. three-quarters b. one-eighth c. one-third d. two-thirds

c. one-third

The best definition of the frail elderly is that they are people: a. over the age of 85 who live independently. b. over the age of 85 who may be living independently. c. over the age of 85 who are infirm, very ill, or cognitively impaired. d. who have recovered from heart attacks and strokes.

c. over the age of 85 who are infirm, very ill, or cognitively impaired.

What type of intelligence would be most valued and most useful in times when food is scarce and basic survival is a challenge? a. analytic b. spatial c. practical d. creative

c. practical

Control processes depend on the _____, which shrinks with age. a. cerebellum b. amygdala c. prefrontal cortex d. hypothalamus

c. prefrontal cortex

Which of the following is generally NOT diagnosed until about age 60? a. nearsightedness b. atrobycusis c. presbycusis d. farsightedness

c. presbycusis

The term used to refer to the universal changes that happen as people age is: a. average senescence. b. normative senescence. c. primary aging. d. ageism.

c. primary aging.

The universal and irreversible physical changes that occur to all living creatures as time passes is referred to as: a. secondary aging. b. presbycusis. c. primary aging. d. tertiary aging.

c. primary aging.

Gray matter in the brain, which is reduced as we age, is responsible for: a. in-depth analysis of information. b. inhibitions. c. processing new experiences. d. reduced speed of thought processes.

c. processing new experiences.

Excessive amounts of beta-amyloid and tau proteins in the brain: a. have little effect on the communication channels among neurons. b. overly stimulate the cerebral cortex. c. proliferate in the hippocampus. d. prevent plaques and tangles from forming in the cerebral cortex.

c. proliferate in the hippocampus.

Susan, 71 years old, has been setting alarms on her cell phone so that she can remember to take her medicine on time. Which type of memory is she compensating for? a. static memory b. working memory c. prospective memory d. an explicit memory

c. prospective memory

Which of the following is a component of every religion? a. a belief in the afterlife b. believing that the dead protect the living c. providing hope at death d. a need to save the soul

c. providing hope at death

Historically, dramatic increases in average life expectancy around the world have occurred due to: a. diplomatic measures that prevented territorial wars. b. scientific and technological discoveries that improved surgical procedures and provided medicines to keep us alive longer. c. public health measures that prevented the deaths of many infants and children. d. more and better hospitals and other health care facilities.

c. public health measures that prevented the deaths of many infants and children.

Gunnar spent the first four years of his life living with various family members and in various foster homes. Maggie, his second cousin, adopted Gunnar about six months ago. Although she provides him with love, support, and stimulation, Gunnar does not seem attached to her. He resists any kind of affection and prefers to be by himself rather than socialize with his new family. According to the DSM-5, Gunnar probably has _____. a. oppositional defiant disorder b. a severe cognitive impairment c. reactive attachment disorder d. post-traumatic stress disorder

c. reactive attachment disorder

Which type of information is the most likely to decline with age? a. childhood memories b. flashbulb memories c. recalling names and new words d. vocabulary recognition

c. recalling names and new words

This probably explains why it takes longer for a man to impregnate a woman as he gets older. a. reduced sperm motility b. reduced hormone levels c. reduced sperm count d. varicoceles

c. reduced sperm count

Recent research indicates that long-term memory for vocabulary: a. decreases with age. b. increases with age, but vocabulary decreases. c. remains unimpaired. d. remains unimpaired until age 70, and then vocabulary begins to decrease.

c. remains unimpaired.

Which of the following would be an example of prospective memory? a. remembering the names of people from elementary school b. remembering information to complete a multiple-choice exam c. remembering to pay the annual car registration fee that will come due in a few months d. remembering how to ride a bicycle

c. remembering to pay the annual car registration fee that will come due in a few months

Mildred and Louis are respected and obeyed by their grandchildren, whom they see on holidays a few times a year. They would be described as _____ grandparents. a. surrogate b. companionate c. remote d. involved

c. remote

Judith lives in a separate state from her adult children and grandchildren. They visit each other about once a year but tend to be emotionally distant from each other the rest of the time. Which best describes Judith? a. companionate grandparent b. surrogate parent c. remote grandparent d. involved grandparent

c. remote grandparent

Which organ system universally shows the effects of aging? a. pulmonary b. circulatory c. reproductive d. respiratory

c. reproductive

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of expert thought? a. intuitive b. strategic c. rigid d. automatic

c. rigid

What is most commonly the source of infertility? a. environmental variables b. paternal age c. maternal age d. Both sexes are equally likely to be the source.

d. Both sexes are equally likely to be the source.

Cardiovascular disease is _____ aging because it _____. a. primary; may not be age-related b. secondary; is universal c. secondary; is caused by factors that vary from person to person d. primary; is universal

c. secondary; is caused by factors that vary from person to person

Of the following, which is NOT considered an activity of daily life (ADL)? a. using the toilet b. eating c. shopping for groceries d. dressing

c. shopping for groceries

Which of the following is a feature of elderspeak? a. calling people by their surname b. lower pitch c. slower speech d. longer sentences

c. slower speech

The wear-and-tear theory is most likely applicable to: a. individuals who engage in unhealthy lifestyles. b. individuals with genetic conditions. c. some body parts that wear due to repeated stress or exposure to elements. d. whole bodily systems.

c. some body parts that wear due to repeated stress or exposure to elements.

The most crucial cognitive difference between a skilled person and an unskilled person may be _____. a. flexibility b. intuition c. strategy d. automatic processing

c. strategy

Which of the following affect expertise? a. circumstances only b. practice and talent c. talent, circumstances, and practice d. talent only

c. talent, circumstances, and practice

By the end of life, these are very short. a. chromosomes b. neurons c. telomeres d. cells

c. telomeres

The number of adults living with their parents has reached a peak, similar to that of _____. a. colonial times b. the stock market crash c. the Great Depression d. the Industrial Revolution

c. the Great Depression

The main reason people may not notice the "young-old" is that _____. c. they are not integrated into the community b. they are a problem-prone minority c. they do not fit society's stereotypes of the elderly d. there are relatively few of them

c. they do not fit society's stereotypes of the elderly

Medication, such as _____, is effective in slowing down the progression of neurocognitive disorder due to stroke. a. a reuptake inhibitor b. a beta-amyloid blocker c. those that reduce cholesterol levels d. ibuprofen

c. those that reduce cholesterol levels

Today, more women are entering _________ occupations. a. complex b. domestic c. traditionally male d. traditionally female

c. traditionally male

The fact that people in some professions have repeated blows to the head that cause deterioration of the brain is consistent with which theory of aging? a. cellular aging b. genetic adaptation c. wear and tear d. cellular error

c. wear and tear

Among the first visible signs of senescence is/are: a. increase in blood pressure. b. lung efficiency reduction. c. wrinkles. d. less efficient kidney function.

c. wrinkles.

Who is the least likely to be involved in an automobile accident? a. Brad, who is 18 years old b. Jane, who is 40 years old c. Steven, who is 35 years old d. Clay, who is 67 years old

d. Clay, who is 67 years old

Collagen, the connective tissue of the body, starts decreasing by about _____ per year starting at age 20. a. 3 percent b. 4 percent c. 2 percent d. 1 percent

d. 1 percent

About 1 in _____ persons inherit a dominant gene for Alzheimer's disease. a. 100 b. 10,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000

d. 1,000

A study of widows and widowers found that _______ percent were _______ depressed than before their spouse's death. a. 35; more b. 23; more c. 50; less d. 10; less

d. 10; less

From a biological perspective, would-be mothers should try to conceive between ages: a. 50 and 51. b. 45 and 47. c. 40 and 45. d. 23 and 33.

d. 23 and 33

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____. a. 45; 85 b. 35; 75 c. 15; 55 d. 25; 65

d. 25; 65

Cases of Lewy body dementia make up _______ of neurocognitive disorders in the United States. a. 1 percent b. 15 percent c. 5 percent d. 3 percent

d. 3 percent

According to research on adults, most of them reported feeling __________ than their chronological age. a. 15 years younger b. 5 to 8 years older c. 1 to 2 years younger d. 5 to 10 years younger

d. 5 to 10 years younger

In 2015, only _____ people in the world died in airplane crashes, compared to _____ killed by motor vehicles in the United States alone. a. 434; 42,052 b. 3,562; 45 c. 7,889; 158 d. 569; 38,300

d. 569; 38,300

Individuals in which of the following age groups were least likely to have been a victim of a violent crime between 2005 and 2014? a. 50 to 64 b. 25 to 34 c. 12 to 17 d. 65 and over

d. 65 and over

What percentage of adults in the United States is overweight? a. 50 percent b. 33 percent c. 25 percent d. 66 percent

d. 66 percent

More than _____ of all men and women in the United States are overweight and _____ are morbidly obese. a. 30 percent; 45 percent b. 50 percent; 15 percent c. 12 percent; 72 percent d. 66 percent; 6 percent

d. 66 percent; 6 percent

The current average life expectancy worldwide for women is: a. 69. b. 77. c. 71. d. 73.

d. 73.

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States? a. 0-15 b. 20-35 c. 35-65 d. 80 and up

d. 80 and up

Which of the following is NOT a theme that is apparent in all known ancient societies? a. Actions during life affected destiny after death. b. Mourners said particular prayers and made specific offerings to prevent the spirit of the dead from haunting or hurting them. c. An afterlife was assumed. d. A resurrection was imminent.

d. A resurrection was imminent.

Which of the following have traditionally been considered "women's work"? a. child care b. tending to the emotions of the family c. house cleaning d. All of these are correct.

d. All of these are correct.

The presence of the gene _______ increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease. a. ApoE2 b. B-amyloid c. plaque d. ApoE4

d. ApoE4

An autopsy that finds massive plaques and tangles proves that a person had Alzheimer's disease. However, between 20 and 30 percent of cognitively typical elders have extensive plaques in their brains at autopsy. What of the following may explain this phenomenon? a. Plaques and tangles are not actually indicative of Alzheimer's disease as originally thought. b. Those patients who have plaques and tangles and experienced Alzheimer's disease had higher education rates than those who did not. c. Alzheimer's disease has genetic causes more so than being caused by brain changes. d. Cognitive reserve enables some people to bypass the disconnections caused by plaques.

d. Cognitive reserve enables some people to bypass the disconnections caused by plaques.

_________ theory is to role relinquishment as ________ theory is to social involvement. a. Feminist; disengagement b. Activity; age-separation c. Activity; disengagement d. Disengagement; activity

d. Disengagement; activity

This virus can enter the brain and destroy neurons. a. Wernicke-Korsakoff b. diabetes c. Alzheimer's disease d. HIV

d. HIV

Michelle is about to turn 30. Which of the following is NOT likely to start happening to her skin? a. The skin cells just beneath the surface will become more variable. b. Her skin will become less flexible. c. Her skin will develop visible wrinkles. d. Her skin will become thicker.

d. Her skin will become thicker.

Michelle is about to turn 30. Which of the following is NOT likely to start happening to her skin? a. The skin cells just beneath the surface will become more variable. b. Her skin will develop visible wrinkles. c. Her skin will become less flexible. d. Her skin will become thicker.

d. Her skin will become thicker.

Verna has neurocognitive disorder. Her motor control and memory have been affected, although their impairment is not the most significant symptom of her condition. The most significant symptom is her loss of inhibition, evident in her chronic gambling. Verna most likely has _____ disease. a. vascular b. Parkinson's c. Pick d. Lewy body

d. Lewy body

_____ is the oldest possible age that members of a species can attain, whereas _____ is the average life span of individuals in a particular group. a. Hayflick limit; life expectancy b. Life span; Hayflick limit c. Life expectancy; life span d. Life span; life expectancy

d. Life span; life expectancy

The first modern hospice was opened in the 1950s in: a. Germany. b. Canada. c. Arizona. d. London.

d. London.

_____ cause(s) blindness about five years after onset. a. Cataracts b. Osteoporosis c. Glaucoma d. Macular degeneration

d. Macular degeneration

A common type of difficulty that older adults have due to brain shrinkage is that it interferes with: a. deficit tasking. b. remembering words. c. being able to perform only two tasks at the same time instead of three. d. being able to multitask.

d. being able to multitask.

Which of the following statements is true about the problem-solving abilities of people in late adulthood? a. People in late adulthood are more likely to use fewer areas of their brains than younger people. b. People in late adulthood are no longer able to solve complex problems. c. People in late adulthood can solve complex problems only if they had encountered that problem when they were younger. d. People in late adulthood are more likely to use more areas of their brains than younger people.

d. People in late adulthood are more likely to use more areas of their brains than younger people.

_____ is a common condition, because many elderly people take many different prescription drugs. a. Reversible neurocognitive disorder b. Pick's disease c. Undernourishment d. Polypharmacy

d. Polypharmacy

Who proposed that intelligence is a single entity? a. Flynn b. Gardner c. Sternberg d. Spearman

d. Spearman

Which of the following is NOT a reason why prescription drugs may produce more severe side effects in the elderly? a. Recommended doses are based on younger adults. b. Metabolism is slower in the elderly. c. Clinical trials exclude people with multiple diseases. d. The elderly are less likely to miss a dose.

d. The elderly are less likely to miss a dose.

Which statement does NOT describe the effect of SES on people's life spans? a. Better income may result in better medical care. b. In the United States, the difference in life span between those with the lowest and with the highest SES is about 30 years. c. Those with higher levels of education tend to live longer than those with less. d. The impact of SES on life span is decreasing in the United States.

d. The impact of SES on life span is decreasing in the United States.

_____ is the information that the brain holds at a given moment. a. Sensory register b. Sensory threshold c. Long-term memory d. Working memory

d. Working memory

Pitskhelauri found that long-lived people share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. diets consisting mostly of fresh fruits and vegetables with little meat or fat. b. a belief that family and community are important. c. exercise and relaxation are part of their daily routine. d. a commitment to retirement from work.

d. a commitment to retirement from work.

One risk factor associated with dieting is that many will go on and off diets so often that they develop _____. a. metabolic syndrome b. reduced awareness of healthy habits c. health-induced major neurocognitive disorder d. a pattern of yo-yo dieting

d. a pattern of yo-yo dieting

What was the most common cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds in the early twenty-first century? a. suicide b. diseases c. homicide d. accidents

d. accidents

Which age group is increasing more rapidly than any other? a. young adults b. toddlers c. teens d. ages 80 and older

d. ages 80 and older

Those who know her describe Matilda as a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits? a. neuroticism b. openness c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness

d. agreeableness

Which personality trait tends to increase with age? a. neuroticism b. openness c. extroversion d. agreeableness

d. agreeableness

Studies of the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have been questioned because: a. HRT was no more effective than placebo. b. the rate of dementia was increased. c. many subjects died before the long-term effects of HRT could be realized. d. all subjects were of higher socioeconomic status.

d. all subjects were of higher socioeconomic status.

Obvious elder abuse is more likely to occur: a. in nursing homes. b. in long-term care facilities. c. in hospitals. d. at home by relatives.

d. at home by relatives.

Donna was just diagnosed with cancer. She has started drinking heavily and keeps moving doctors' appointments farther away in time. Donna is engaging in _____ coping. a. active b. problem-focused c. emotion-focused d. avoidant

d. avoidant

Why should adults speak to children openly about a death and answer their questions simply and honestly? a. so that they won't mourn longer than needed b. to keep them from being depressed c. to make sure they understand all of the facts about death and dying d. because when they see that adults are not afraid they will be less anxious about death and dying

d. because when they see that adults are not afraid they will be less anxious about death and dying

Religious faith is associated with improved psychological health in old age due to _____. a. a focus on pleasure and immediate needs b. the belief that one's particular faith or ethnicity is superior to that of others c. the regular attendance of religious services d. beliefs that give meaning to life and death

d. beliefs that give meaning to life and death

Cross-age comparisons in Schaie's research design allowed for analysis of what influence on the participants? a. neither cohort differences nor retesting b. retesting c. cohort differences d. both cohort differences and retesting

d. both cohort differences and retesting

About half of all adult cognitive decline can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT: a. vascular disease. b. Lewy body disease. c. Alzheimer's disease. d. breast cancer.

d. breast cancer.

The practice of limiting dietary energy intake for the purpose of improving health and slowing down the aging process of called: a. calorie deprivation. b. food restriction. c. food deprivation. d. calorie restriction.

d. calorie restriction.

The _____ theory proposes that toxins in the environment and the need of the body to repair the damage they create are responsible for the aging process. a. wear-and-tear b. selective adaptation c. Hayflick limit d. cellular aging

d. cellular aging

The brain damage incurred with Parkinson's disease can lead to: a. inappropriate behavior. b. dizziness. c. feelings of euphoria. d. cognitive impairment sooner in older individuals.

d. cognitive impairment sooner in older individuals.

Relying on cross-sectional research for conclusions is problematic because: a. subjects commonly drop out. b. gender and ethnic differences are not considered. c. this is a costly approach that requires a large sample size in order to make valid conclusions. d. cohort effects may lead to false conclusions.

d. cohort effects may lead to false conclusions.

Expertise: a. All of these are correct. b. is an innate ability. c. reflects outstanding proficiency. d. comes with time and practice.

d. comes with time and practice.

Life satisfaction for the elderly correlates with _____. a. income b. sexual activity c. work d. companionship

d. companionship

Rosa works as a chemist and in her spare time is a history buff. She would be said to be high in: a. postformal intelligence. b. fluid intelligence. c. general intelligence. d. crystallized intelligence.

d. crystallized intelligence.

Sarah is very stressed about her roommate. Recently she has been eating more and has gained back the 10 pounds she had previously lost. What self-defense is Sarah using? a. focus-centered b. non c. implementation d. denial

d. denial

Which of the following behaviors is a characteristic of frontotemporal NCD? a. more careful planning b. memory loss c. pronounced emotional involvement d. deterioration of social behavior

d. deterioration of social behavior

The idea that cognition should be measured in terms of everyday tasks and circumstances is _____. a. recognition b. recall c. priming d. ecological validity

d. ecological validity

The Flynn effect is MOST likely due to changes in _____. a. electronic media b. test-taking strategies c. people's reaction times d. education and health

d. education and health

Which of the following explains why younger adults score higher than older adults on IQ measures? a. income and health b. youth c. income d. education and health

d. education and health

The primary form that generativity takes is _____. a. belonging to a religious organization b. volunteering in the community c. being guided by the younger generation d. establishing and guiding the next generation

d. establishing and guiding the next generation

If a nursing home's staff wants to slow down the impairment of cognitive functions in the residents, what is the single most important variable they should address? a. providing an on-staff counselor b. availability of arts and crafts c. appropriateness of medications d. exercise opportunities

d. exercise opportunities

The skill, flexibility, and strategies needed to raise a family are a manifestation of ______. a. intelligence b. weathering c. coping d. expertise

d. expertise

Which of the following does NOT affect adult cognition? a. education level b. culture c. aging neurons d. family composition

d. family composition

All of the following are ways in which death has changed in the past hundred years EXCEPT: a. death occurs later in life. b. when younger people die, it occurs too quickly for goodbyes. c. the causes of death have changed. d. fewer deaths occur in hospitals.

d. fewer deaths occur in hospitals.

Maria, age 70, is a self-actualized, gifted artist. In addition to her increased spirituality, Maslow would say that Maria is more likely to: a. focus on a higher quality of work. b. be more ambitious. c. set goals. d. find life more amusing.

d. find life more amusing.

Osteoporosis is: a. high blood pressure. b. cells that build bone. c. high blood sugar. d. fragile bones.

d. fragile bones.

The best definition of the frail elderly is that they are people: a. over the age of 85 who live independently. b. over the age of 85 who may be living independently. c. who have recovered from heart attacks and strokes. d. over the age of 85 who are infirm, very ill, or cognitively impaired.

d. over the age of 85 who are infirm, very ill, or cognitively impaired.

In following up on earlier studies, Johnson (2014) found that: a. adulthood is a time of maintaining, but not increasing, IQ. b. the complexity of one's work and personal life has no effect on IQ. c. when age and cohort effects are controlled for, there is no Flynn effect. d. from 20 to 70, national values, genes, and education are more influential on IQ scores than chronological age.

d. from 20 to 70, national values, genes, and education are more influential on IQ scores than chronological age.

Which of the following is NOT an instrumental activity of daily life? a. managing personal finances b. maintaining a household c. food preparation d. going to work

d. going to work

The responsibility for preventing frailty among the elderly in a society falls to _____. a. the youngest generation and public policy officials b. medical professionals c. adult children of aging parents d. governments, families, and individuals

d. governments, families, and individuals

Which term refers to the sense of loss following a death? a. mourning b. despair c. disenfranchised d. grief

d. grief

Typically, when a man's wife dies: a. he will move in with friends. b. he will move to an assisted-living facility. c. he will move in with his adult children. d. he is more likely to live alone than a widowed female.

d. he is more likely to live alone than a widowed female.

One way that older adults may attempt to hold on to their identity is to: a. take computer classes. b. change their personality. c. have plastic surgery. d. hoard personal items.

d. hoard personal items.

When Rosemary viciously accused her daughter-in-law of stealing the spatula that she herself misplaced, she was exhibiting the _____ found in frontotemporal lobular degeneration. a. short-term memory problems b. long-term memory problems c. hallucinations d. impaired social behavior and emotional regulation

d. impaired social behavior and emotional regulation

Hayflick believes that the Hayflick limit is caused by: a. lengthening telomeres. b. reduced levels of telomerase. c. aging. d. inevitable errors in transcription.

d. inevitable errors in transcription.

Cardiovascular disease is considered secondary aging because: a. everyone develops it eventually. b. it is senescence. c. the circulatory system becomes less efficient. d. it is caused by health habits, genes, and other factors that vary from person to person.

d. it is caused by health habits, genes, and other factors that vary from person to person.

With regard to paid work, older employees tend to have _____ compared to younger employees. a. more extrinsic motivation b. less job commitment c. more problems with lateness d. less absenteeism

d. less absenteeism

Committed partners who maintain separate homes but function as a committed couple are said to be "_____." a. residing in an empty nest b. consequential strangers c. avoiding marriage d. living apart together

d. living apart together

Absent grief is most likely a consequence of: a. the high murder rate. b. a culture that does not value life. c. being an agnostic or atheist. d. living away from family and friends.

d. living away from family and friends.

Eli underwent major surgery that required general anesthesia. Which neurocognitive complication, although rare, is possible as a result? a. Alzheimer's disease b. mild neurocognitive disorder c. major neurocognitive disorder d. ministroke

d. ministroke

Bob has just been diagnosed with diabetes. His diagnosis will contribute to the _____ rate. a. disability b. vitality c. mortality d. morbidity

d. morbidity

People who live and work where no one knows their personal lives have no one to help them grieve. Instead they make their mourning: a. more religious. b. more emotional. c. less private. d. more private.

d. more private.

In middle adulthood, a person is MOST likely to lose _____. a. the ability to experience orgasm b. the ability to run more than a mile c. a significant amount of weight d. nearly an inch in height

d. nearly an inch in height

Which of the following is NOT a sociocultural compensation for age-related reduction in driving ability? a. mirrors that replace the need to turn the neck b. large-print signs before highway exits c. illuminated side streets and driveways d. new prescription glasses

d. new prescription glasses

The group of people who are more likely to have ageist stereotypes are: a. schoolchildren. b. police. c. store clerks. d. nurses and doctors.

d. nurses and doctors.

Due to the shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex as we age, which of the following behaviors might you see in late adulthood? a. decreased effort in planning b. decreased effort in coordinating thoughts c. decreased effort in time management d. occasional inappropriate responses

d. occasional inappropriate responses

Prejudice about late adulthood is common among people: a. in early adulthood. b. in late adulthood. c. in undeveloped nations. d. of all ages.

d. of all ages.

For the oldest-old, pneumonia is _____ listed as their cause of death. a. seldom b. almost always c. occasionally d. often

d. often

The ___________ are dependent on others and at risk for illness and injury. a. old-old b. senile c. young-old d. oldest-old

d. oldest-old

Research indicates that remarried people initially restore all the following EXCEPT _____. a. health b. financial security c. intimacy d. previous friendships

d. previous friendships

Because of _____ aging, Thelma has had a very tough time recovering from a recent bout of pneumonia. a. geriatric b. subordinate c. normal d. primary

d. primary

In an aging brain, _____. a. brain size increases b. neurons fire faster c. multitasking becomes easier d. reaction time lengthens

d. reaction time lengthens

Which type of information is the most likely to decline with age? a. flashbulb memories b. childhood memories c. vocabulary recognition d. recalling names and new words

d. recalling names and new words

Fewer births and increased survival rates are changing the shape of the population from a pyramid to a(n): a. inverse triangle. b. diamond. c. trapezoid. d. rectangle.

d. rectangle.

The slowing down of the brain in primary aging may be attributed to: a. increased total volume of neural fluid. b. faster cerebral blood flow. c. increased production of norepinephrine. d. reduced production of acetylcholine.

d. reduced production of acetylcholine.

An explanation for an older adult perceiving the words in the ear ants for the word interference is: a. stimuli confusion. b. sensory-input stability. c. loss of memory. d. reduced sensory input.

d. reduced sensory input.

The lower testosterone levels of older men leads to: a. increases in muscle mass. b. an inability to orgasm. c. osteoporosis. d. reduced sexual desire.

d. reduced sexual desire.

For both men and women, as they age, _____. a. sexual responses come quicker b. fertility increases c. sex-hormone levels increase d. reproduction becomes less likely

d. reproduction becomes less likely

Self-concept in late adulthood is reflected in: a. satisfaction with external appearance. b. physical appearance. c. political affiliation. d. satisfaction with the self and life.

d. satisfaction with the self and life.

The specific illnesses that become more common with aging are referred to as: a. senescence. b. primary aging. c. tertiary aging. d. secondary aging.

d. secondary aging.

Paul and Margret Baltes have found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of "_____." a. optimization of maturation and wisdom b. compensatory thinking c. maturation of compensation d. selective optimization with compensation

d. selective optimization with compensation

Walter is 89 years old. He is deeply spiritual, has a surprising sense of humor, cares deeply about his family and community, and loves to spend time painting and writing. Maslow would likely describe Walter as: a. reaching integrity. b. in despair. c. suffering from cognitive decline. d. self-actualized.

d. self-actualized.

Harold, who is 55 years old, did not realize how much his physical appearance had changed until he saw a picture of himself taken 20 years ago. Harold's gradual change in physical appearance was due to _____. a. organ reserve b. allostasis c. homeostasis d. senescence

d. senescence

Which of the following terms would be ageist? a. delirium b. major neurocognitive disorder c. neurocognitive disorder d. senility

d. senility

The complete information-processing approach of cognition in late adulthood can be BEST described as consisting of: a. memory and control processes. b. sensing, storage, and program. c. input and output. d. sensing, memory, control processes, and output.

d. sensing, memory, control processes, and output.

In some European nations, caregiving for the frail elderly is most likely provided by a: a. son or daughter. b. spouse. c. nursing home. d. social safety net.

d. social safety net.

Research on taxi drivers found that the part of their brains most likely connected to _____ was more active than in the average person. a. reaction time b. emotional awareness c. problem solving d. spatial representation

d. spatial representation

One specific culprit in modern weight gain is _____ consumption. a. refined flour b. meat c. organic food d. sucrose or fructose

d. sucrose or fructose

An important aspect of the life review is: a. simple nostalgia. b. an accurate time line of historical events. c. to complete the task alone. d. that it improves the emotional well-being of the storyteller.

d. that it improves the emotional well-being of the storyteller.

Where are both active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide legal? a. Africa b. England c. New Zealand d. the Netherlands

d. the Netherlands

Older elders sometimes learn cognitive strategies and skills but: a. they still rely on long-term memory when trying to retrieve information from the working memory. b. they can only use it to compensate for things they cannot remember for a day. c. they have difficulty remembering the basic information they are trying to retrieve. d. they will quickly forget new learning that is not applied.

d. they will quickly forget new learning that is not applied.

In later adulthood, as adults become more accepting of death, they are likely to: a. All of these are correct. b. avoid estranged family members. c. refuse health care proxies. d. tie up loose ends.

d. tie up loose ends.

With _____, symptoms may vanish quickly and go unnoticed. a. vascular disease b. major neurocognitive disorder c. Alzheimer's disease d. transient ischemic attacks

d. transient ischemic attacks

Because few people are to blame for their own deaths, adults tend to fear: a. disease. b. inherited disorders. c. growing old. d. unusual events that seem to be random, such as a bystander's murder.

d. unusual events that seem to be random, such as a bystander's murder.

What were the primary mental abilities studied by Schaie? a. verbal meaning, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning b. fluid and cognitive intelligence c. bodily-kinesthetic, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning d. verbal meaning, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation

d. verbal meaning, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation

The largest group of older adults is the: a. youngest-old. b. oldest-old. c. old-old. d. young-old.

d. young-old.

Oldest-old:

elderly adults who are dependent on others for almost everything and require supportive services such as nursing homes and hospital stays

The number of years that a species is genetically programmed to live is called the "_______."

maximum life span

Old-old:

older adults who suffer from physical, mental or social deficits

Universal changes that occur with the passage of time are known as "______ aging."

primary