Lifespan Psychology- Chapter 17

9th

Among causes of death in older adults, accidents are the _____-leading cause

Macular degeneration

involves deterioration of the macula of the retine, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field; leading cause of blindness in older adults

Centenarian

is a person who is 100 years or older

Arthritis

is an inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness and movement problems.

Nun

largest group of brain donors in the world

Supercentenarian

individuals 110 years or older

Osteoporosis

refers to a chronic condition that involves an extensive loss of bone tissue

Hormonal stress theory

states that aging wears down certain internal body systems, which lowers resistance to stress and disease

Fosamax

Drugs such as _________ can be used to reduce the risk of osteoporosis

smoking

A recent study across 10 years also found that poor nutrition and a lifetime of _________ were linked to more rapid onset of hearing difficulties in older adults

Alzheimer's disease

A recent study revealed poor quality of sleep in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, which in some cases is a precursor for ___________ disease

30%

According to one research analysis, energy expended by older adults that burns up at least 1000 calories a week was estimated to increase life expectancy by ______ %

reproductive fitness

According to the evolutionary theory of aging, natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and non-adaptive characteristics in older adults because natural selection is linked to ________________

1 out of 2

After 80 years of age, approximately _______ men have trouble getting and/or keeping erections

1/4

Almost ______ ration of the oldest-old are institutionalized

heterogeneous

As a group, the oldest-old, aged 85 and above, are identified as ____________

acetylcholine

As people age, there is less neurotransmitter production. Reductions in the neurotransmitter __________ have been linked to memory declines and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease

1/3

At 60 years of age, the retina receives only about __________ as much light as it did at 20 years of age

lens

Color vision in later adulthood may decline because of a yellowing of the ________ of the eye

resveratrol

Evidence is increasing that a chemical in the skin of red wine grapes, ___________, plays a key role in red wine's health benefits

85 years and older

How old is oldest-old

65-84 years old

How old is young-old

control and self-determination

Important factor related to health in a nursing home is the patient's feelings of ____________ and ____________________

decline considerably

In 2010, the percentage of individuals who engaged in binge drinking _________________ in the middle and late adulthood years

second or third

In older men, orgasm occurs every ______ or _______ attempt

aerobic fitness; hippocampus

In one fMRI study, higher levels of ____________ were linked with greater volume in the __________, which translates into better memory

telomerase

Injecting the enzyme __________ into human cells grown in the laboratory has been found to substantially extend the life of the cells beyond the approximately 70-80 normal cell divisions

function

Many experts on aging prefer to talk about such categories as the young-old and oldest-old in terms of _________ rather than age

red wine

Moderate drinking or __________ is linked to better health and increased longevity

one-third

More than _______ of nursing homes are defecient

hippocampus and olfactory bulb

Neurogenesis only occurs in two brain regions: ____________ and _______________

less

Older adults are _______ (less/more) sensitive to pain than are younger adults

non-Latina

Osteoporosis is more common in _________

calcium, Vitamin D and estrogen; exercise

Osteoporosis is related to defeciency in __________, ____________, ________ and lack of __________

cigarette smoking

Recent research has found that _____________ is a contributing factor in macular degeneration

cognitive

Recent research has shown that sensory decline in older adults is linked to a slower speed of processing and a decline in _________ function

7 hours

Sleep duration of more than ______ hours per night in older adults was linked to longer telomere length

telomeres

Recent research on cellular clock theory has determined that ____________ become shorter each time a cell divides, after about 70 to 80 divisions, they are dramatically reduced, and the cell can no longer reproduce

sleep

Researchers found that spending more time in sleep benefited _________ adults' memory

lower; upper

Some research on older adults' sensitivity to touch found that older adults are less sensitive to touch on their ____________ extremities than on their ___________ extremities

life span

The term ___________ refers to the maximum number of years that an individual can live

invisible epidemic

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has identified substance abuse among older adults as the ____________ in the U.S.

cancer and arthritis

The damage in free-radical theory can lead to a range of disorders, including _______ and _______

longer

The more recent research has found adults being overweight with have a ___________ (longer/shorter) length of life than those of normal weight

female

The oldest-old today are mostly ____________

life expectancy

The term _____________ describes the number of years that an average person born in a specific year will most likely live

arthritis and hypertension

The two most common chronic disorders in late adulthood are __________ and ______________

50%

There are about _______% older adults who complain of difficulties with sleep

60-75%

______% of adults report at least some persistent pain

Falls

_______ leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older

Partner's poor physical health

What is one of the main reasons that some adults with partners do not have sex

cancer and cardiovascular disease

Which of the following together account for 60% of deaths in older adults

U.S.

_____ country has the most centenarians

telomeres and telomerase

__________ and ____________ are increasingly thought to be key components of the stem cell regeneration process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging

Overeating

___________ is linked with an increase in free radicals

Chronic

____________ disease are rare in early adulthood, increase in middle adulthood, and become more common in late adulthood

late-onset

_____________ alcoholism is the label used to describe the appearance of alcoholism after the age of 65

Idea density

a measure of linguistic ability assessed through autobiographies early in the adult years

free radical

by-products that includes unstable O2 molecules

Glaucoma

damage to the optic nerve because of the pressure created by a build up of fluid in the eye

Free radicals

ricochet around cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures

Neurogenesis

the generation of new neurons, does occur in lower mammalian species, such as mice

Late-onset alcoholism

the label used to describe the onset of alcoholism after the age of 65; often related to loneliness, loss of a spouse or a disabling condition

functional age

the person's actual ability to function; an 85 years old might well be more biologically and physiologically fit than 65 years old

Allostasis

the process of adaptation and adjustment in altering internal physiological processes

Mitochondrial theory

theory states that aging is due to the decay of mitochondria

Free-radical theory

theory states that peopole age because when cells metabolize energy, the by-products include unstable oxygen molecules

Cellular clock theory

theory that cells can divide a maximum of about 75-80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing; stated by Leonard Hayflick

mitochondria

tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair

Allostatic load

wearing down of body systems due to constant activity