Lifespan Psychology- Chapter 17
9th
Among causes of death in older adults, accidents are the _____-leading cause
Macular degeneration
involves deterioration of the macula of the retine, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field; leading cause of blindness in older adults
Centenarian
is a person who is 100 years or older
Arthritis
is an inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness and movement problems.
Nun
largest group of brain donors in the world
Supercentenarian
individuals 110 years or older
Osteoporosis
refers to a chronic condition that involves an extensive loss of bone tissue
Hormonal stress theory
states that aging wears down certain internal body systems, which lowers resistance to stress and disease
Fosamax
Drugs such as _________ can be used to reduce the risk of osteoporosis
smoking
A recent study across 10 years also found that poor nutrition and a lifetime of _________ were linked to more rapid onset of hearing difficulties in older adults
Alzheimer's disease
A recent study revealed poor quality of sleep in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, which in some cases is a precursor for ___________ disease
30%
According to one research analysis, energy expended by older adults that burns up at least 1000 calories a week was estimated to increase life expectancy by ______ %
reproductive fitness
According to the evolutionary theory of aging, natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and non-adaptive characteristics in older adults because natural selection is linked to ________________
1 out of 2
After 80 years of age, approximately _______ men have trouble getting and/or keeping erections
1/4
Almost ______ ration of the oldest-old are institutionalized
heterogeneous
As a group, the oldest-old, aged 85 and above, are identified as ____________
acetylcholine
As people age, there is less neurotransmitter production. Reductions in the neurotransmitter __________ have been linked to memory declines and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease
1/3
At 60 years of age, the retina receives only about __________ as much light as it did at 20 years of age
lens
Color vision in later adulthood may decline because of a yellowing of the ________ of the eye
resveratrol
Evidence is increasing that a chemical in the skin of red wine grapes, ___________, plays a key role in red wine's health benefits
85 years and older
How old is oldest-old
65-84 years old
How old is young-old
control and self-determination
Important factor related to health in a nursing home is the patient's feelings of ____________ and ____________________
decline considerably
In 2010, the percentage of individuals who engaged in binge drinking _________________ in the middle and late adulthood years
second or third
In older men, orgasm occurs every ______ or _______ attempt
aerobic fitness; hippocampus
In one fMRI study, higher levels of ____________ were linked with greater volume in the __________, which translates into better memory
telomerase
Injecting the enzyme __________ into human cells grown in the laboratory has been found to substantially extend the life of the cells beyond the approximately 70-80 normal cell divisions
function
Many experts on aging prefer to talk about such categories as the young-old and oldest-old in terms of _________ rather than age
red wine
Moderate drinking or __________ is linked to better health and increased longevity
one-third
More than _______ of nursing homes are defecient
hippocampus and olfactory bulb
Neurogenesis only occurs in two brain regions: ____________ and _______________
less
Older adults are _______ (less/more) sensitive to pain than are younger adults
non-Latina
Osteoporosis is more common in _________
calcium, Vitamin D and estrogen; exercise
Osteoporosis is related to defeciency in __________, ____________, ________ and lack of __________
cigarette smoking
Recent research has found that _____________ is a contributing factor in macular degeneration
cognitive
Recent research has shown that sensory decline in older adults is linked to a slower speed of processing and a decline in _________ function
7 hours
Sleep duration of more than ______ hours per night in older adults was linked to longer telomere length
telomeres
Recent research on cellular clock theory has determined that ____________ become shorter each time a cell divides, after about 70 to 80 divisions, they are dramatically reduced, and the cell can no longer reproduce
sleep
Researchers found that spending more time in sleep benefited _________ adults' memory
lower; upper
Some research on older adults' sensitivity to touch found that older adults are less sensitive to touch on their ____________ extremities than on their ___________ extremities
life span
The term ___________ refers to the maximum number of years that an individual can live
invisible epidemic
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has identified substance abuse among older adults as the ____________ in the U.S.
cancer and arthritis
The damage in free-radical theory can lead to a range of disorders, including _______ and _______
longer
The more recent research has found adults being overweight with have a ___________ (longer/shorter) length of life than those of normal weight
female
The oldest-old today are mostly ____________
life expectancy
The term _____________ describes the number of years that an average person born in a specific year will most likely live
arthritis and hypertension
The two most common chronic disorders in late adulthood are __________ and ______________
50%
There are about _______% older adults who complain of difficulties with sleep
60-75%
______% of adults report at least some persistent pain
Falls
_______ leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older
Partner's poor physical health
What is one of the main reasons that some adults with partners do not have sex
cancer and cardiovascular disease
Which of the following together account for 60% of deaths in older adults
U.S.
_____ country has the most centenarians
telomeres and telomerase
__________ and ____________ are increasingly thought to be key components of the stem cell regeneration process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging
Overeating
___________ is linked with an increase in free radicals
Chronic
____________ disease are rare in early adulthood, increase in middle adulthood, and become more common in late adulthood
late-onset
_____________ alcoholism is the label used to describe the appearance of alcoholism after the age of 65
Idea density
a measure of linguistic ability assessed through autobiographies early in the adult years
free radical
by-products that includes unstable O2 molecules
Glaucoma
damage to the optic nerve because of the pressure created by a build up of fluid in the eye
Free radicals
ricochet around cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures
Neurogenesis
the generation of new neurons, does occur in lower mammalian species, such as mice
Late-onset alcoholism
the label used to describe the onset of alcoholism after the age of 65; often related to loneliness, loss of a spouse or a disabling condition
functional age
the person's actual ability to function; an 85 years old might well be more biologically and physiologically fit than 65 years old
Allostasis
the process of adaptation and adjustment in altering internal physiological processes
Mitochondrial theory
theory states that aging is due to the decay of mitochondria
Free-radical theory
theory states that peopole age because when cells metabolize energy, the by-products include unstable oxygen molecules
Cellular clock theory
theory that cells can divide a maximum of about 75-80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing; stated by Leonard Hayflick
mitochondria
tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair
Allostatic load
wearing down of body systems due to constant activity