Cancer Quiz 8-11

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Radiation therapy is used with what context?

- used as a non curative intent to treat complication, - - used as a preventative mode in cases of microscopic disease - used as ionizing radiation to killing cancer cells

Successful therapies need to address:

-Drug resistance - Immuno-evasion - Dynamic nature of tumor evolution within a tumor nodule/mass

What are issues to consider when finding a targeted cancer therapy?

-Is the target accessible? -What is the risk of toxicity to normal cells? -What is the expected effect on the target?

Cancer therapy is only effective in about 25-30% of patients, what percentage of patients experience therapy toxicity?

100%

What is the average amount of time it takes to develop a cancer drug from pre-discovery to FDA approval?

12 years

Goals of systemic treatment include: A) Minimizing damage to normal cells, tissues, and organs. B) Providing an environment for resistant mutant clones to develop. C) Encouraging tumor growth. D) Removing the primary tumor by resection.

A) Minimizing damage to normal cells, tissues, and organs

Most sunscreens have an SPF rating; SPF is an acronym for what? A) Sun Protection Factor B) Sun Predictive Factor C) Sun Protection Film D) Sun Predictive F

A) Sun Protection Factor

According to what is known about person's skin phototypes, skin color is unrelated to skin cancer risk. T or F

False

As soon as the drug reaches the marketplace, the price of the drug drops exponentially so that the drug is more accessible to patient populations. T or f

False

Cancer immunotherapies are unique because they only impact tumor cells. T or F

False

In drug development, preclinical studies on animals are highly predictive of safety and effectiveness in humans. T or F

False

In general, if one cancer cell is responsive to a therapy, all of the other cells in the same cancer will be too. T or F

False

Palliative treatment is typically reserved for lower stage cancers. T or F

False

Systemic therapy is typically used to treat stage I and II cancers. T or F

False

The toxicity from immunotherapies is relatively low compared to other forms of cancer therapies. T or F

False

A targeted therapy is a specific therapy that is engineered to interact with a specific molecular abnormality found in a cancer cell. Correct! T or F

True

Almost all targeted therapies are developed against oncogenes. T or F

True

Cancer therapies now cure approximately 65% of ALL cancer.

True

Cure means eliminating all cancer cells without killing the patient. T or F

True

Overall, of all cancer treatments available, the best chance for curative treatment for carcinomas is oncologist surgery. T or FCure

True

Systemic therapy is the first line treatment for most advanced cancers. T or F

True

The average cancer drug or treatment costs around $100,000. T or F

True

The level of IRB review is directly related to the risk of the participants. T or F

True

Which factor is currently NOT considered a regulatory criterion for FDA approval of a drug? A)Cost effectiveness B) Safety C) Efficacy D) What the drug will be used for.

cost effective

All types of cancer can be treated with surgery. T or F

false

Developing a new therapy is very cost-effective process. T or F

false

The design of a traditional randomized clinical trial can change at any time during the trial to reflect updated scientific understanding or availability of new therapies. T or F

false

There is no regulation of drugs after they reach the marketplace. True or F

false

UVB causes DNA damage by causing inflammation that generates reactive oxygen species. T or F

false

Cancer research in animal models has proven most successful to which type of physician? Veterinarians Oncologists pathologists pediatricians

pathologists

An IRB reviews...

patient's rights, risks association to research, ethical considerations

The most commonly used cancer treatment method is _____________.

surgery

Natural barriers to the delivery of systemic therapy include:

the blood brain barrier, vascular spaces peritoneal cavity

Use of radiation therapy is most effective of the following situations except A) the cancer cells are highly mitotic B) the cancer cells are synchronized in the cell cycle C) the radiation is given one large maximally tolerated dose D) the tumor is growing in a tissue that is not highly sensitive to radiation injury

the radiation is given one large maximally tolerated dose

CAR-T therapy is genetically engineered to work specifically to treat one individual cancer patient. T or F

true

Clinical trials begin as soon as human test subjects become involved in the research study. T or F

true

Individuals with dark skin have the same density (number) of melanocytes in their skin as individuals with light skin. T or F

true

Normal Cells recover faster than cancer cells from a dose of radiation therapy. Tor F

true

Radiation treatment increases the risk of secondary cancer. T or F

true

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in humans. T or f

true


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