Cancer Quiz 8-11
Radiation therapy is used with what context?
- used as a non curative intent to treat complication, - - used as a preventative mode in cases of microscopic disease - used as ionizing radiation to killing cancer cells
Successful therapies need to address:
-Drug resistance - Immuno-evasion - Dynamic nature of tumor evolution within a tumor nodule/mass
What are issues to consider when finding a targeted cancer therapy?
-Is the target accessible? -What is the risk of toxicity to normal cells? -What is the expected effect on the target?
Cancer therapy is only effective in about 25-30% of patients, what percentage of patients experience therapy toxicity?
100%
What is the average amount of time it takes to develop a cancer drug from pre-discovery to FDA approval?
12 years
Goals of systemic treatment include: A) Minimizing damage to normal cells, tissues, and organs. B) Providing an environment for resistant mutant clones to develop. C) Encouraging tumor growth. D) Removing the primary tumor by resection.
A) Minimizing damage to normal cells, tissues, and organs
Most sunscreens have an SPF rating; SPF is an acronym for what? A) Sun Protection Factor B) Sun Predictive Factor C) Sun Protection Film D) Sun Predictive F
A) Sun Protection Factor
According to what is known about person's skin phototypes, skin color is unrelated to skin cancer risk. T or F
False
As soon as the drug reaches the marketplace, the price of the drug drops exponentially so that the drug is more accessible to patient populations. T or f
False
Cancer immunotherapies are unique because they only impact tumor cells. T or F
False
In drug development, preclinical studies on animals are highly predictive of safety and effectiveness in humans. T or F
False
In general, if one cancer cell is responsive to a therapy, all of the other cells in the same cancer will be too. T or F
False
Palliative treatment is typically reserved for lower stage cancers. T or F
False
Systemic therapy is typically used to treat stage I and II cancers. T or F
False
The toxicity from immunotherapies is relatively low compared to other forms of cancer therapies. T or F
False
A targeted therapy is a specific therapy that is engineered to interact with a specific molecular abnormality found in a cancer cell. Correct! T or F
True
Almost all targeted therapies are developed against oncogenes. T or F
True
Cancer therapies now cure approximately 65% of ALL cancer.
True
Cure means eliminating all cancer cells without killing the patient. T or F
True
Overall, of all cancer treatments available, the best chance for curative treatment for carcinomas is oncologist surgery. T or FCure
True
Systemic therapy is the first line treatment for most advanced cancers. T or F
True
The average cancer drug or treatment costs around $100,000. T or F
True
The level of IRB review is directly related to the risk of the participants. T or F
True
Which factor is currently NOT considered a regulatory criterion for FDA approval of a drug? A)Cost effectiveness B) Safety C) Efficacy D) What the drug will be used for.
cost effective
All types of cancer can be treated with surgery. T or F
false
Developing a new therapy is very cost-effective process. T or F
false
The design of a traditional randomized clinical trial can change at any time during the trial to reflect updated scientific understanding or availability of new therapies. T or F
false
There is no regulation of drugs after they reach the marketplace. True or F
false
UVB causes DNA damage by causing inflammation that generates reactive oxygen species. T or F
false
Cancer research in animal models has proven most successful to which type of physician? Veterinarians Oncologists pathologists pediatricians
pathologists
An IRB reviews...
patient's rights, risks association to research, ethical considerations
The most commonly used cancer treatment method is _____________.
surgery
Natural barriers to the delivery of systemic therapy include:
the blood brain barrier, vascular spaces peritoneal cavity
Use of radiation therapy is most effective of the following situations except A) the cancer cells are highly mitotic B) the cancer cells are synchronized in the cell cycle C) the radiation is given one large maximally tolerated dose D) the tumor is growing in a tissue that is not highly sensitive to radiation injury
the radiation is given one large maximally tolerated dose
CAR-T therapy is genetically engineered to work specifically to treat one individual cancer patient. T or F
true
Clinical trials begin as soon as human test subjects become involved in the research study. T or F
true
Individuals with dark skin have the same density (number) of melanocytes in their skin as individuals with light skin. T or F
true
Normal Cells recover faster than cancer cells from a dose of radiation therapy. Tor F
true
Radiation treatment increases the risk of secondary cancer. T or F
true
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in humans. T or f
true