Linux Foundations Tests/Handbook
this acts as a logical 'and', so if first command is successful then the second command will also run
&&
command option used to display the complete timestamp including the hours, minutes, seconds
--full-time
typical command to get its built in usage information?
--help
this command option sorts files by size from largest to smallest
-S
what option can be used to rm when deleting multiple files
-i
two options that can be used to safeguard the copy command from overwriting important information
-i and -n
command option that will show the line numbers next to a files content's when displayed to the screen
-n
command used to perform a reverse sort
-r
what option will allow the cp command to copy both files and directories?
-r
this command option will sort files based on the most recent modification
-t
verbose mode which shows the resulting move
-v
this character represents which directory the user is in
.
third partition on second hard disk?
/hdb3
used a virtual or pseudo filesystem to interface with the kernal or process
/proc
which UID represents the first regular user on a linux system?
1000
used to redirect the standard output of a command to a file?
1>
character that can be used to run multiple commands one after the other where each command runs independently and consecutively, regardless of the first command
;
this redirection operator is used to accept text on the following lines as standard input?
<<
open source licence that states you may redistribute the source software and binaries as long as copyright notices are maintained and there is no implication that the original creator endorses your version
BSD
permissive software licenses?
BSD and MIT
GPL and all other related licences
FSF
linux is distributed by which license?
GPLv2
this variable stores a list of directories, seperated by a colon, that contain executable programs eligible as commands from the Linux shell
PATH
tying $ followed by ________ in quick succession will list all variables?
TAB
which path allows a user to specify the exact location of a directory starts with the foward slash ( / )
absolute
the dominant web server of today, that serves web page requests
apache
command used to search for packages and to list information about available packages
apt-cache
how to install a package? how to uninstall a package?
apt-get install package_name apt-get remove package_name
this character is used to represent zero or more of any character in a filename
asterisk*
what does it mean when work is placed in the public domain?
author has relinquished the copyright on the work
if you want one part to be treated as a variable and another as not these quotes are
backslash
used to communicate with hardware denoted as both ( b ) and ( c )
block and character
these characters are used to match a single character by representing a range of characters that are possible match characters
brackets[]
CC BY-SA (permissive or copyleft)?
copyleft
GPL ver 3 (permissive or copyleft)?
copyleft
philosophy held by Free Software Foundation that someone who modifies free software should be required to share any changes they have made
copyleft
keyboard shortcut that allows copying highlighted text while working in the command line terminal
ctrl + shift + c
a file used to store other files, denoted as ( d )
directory
freedom 3
distribute the modified software
freedom 2
distribute the software
command that will show boot time messages
dmesg
these quotes will be considered variables
double
debian, ubuntu, and linux mint generally use what kind of packages?
dpkg, apt-get, apt
to display the contents of a variable to the terminal's display, the command syntax is what?
echo $variable
this character is used in conjunction with the square brackets to negate a range or in other words matches a file that DOES NOT begin with whatever is inputted
exclamation point!
command that prints enlarged text on the terminal
figlet
first character in a long listing ( ls -l ) indicates:
file type
similar to locate, this command searches a directory tree recursively, including its subdirectories
find
nine sections of man pages?
general commands system calls library calls special files file formats/conventions games miscellaneous system admin commands kernel routines
often referred to as wildcards, symbol characters that have special meaning to the shell, they allow you to specify patterns that match filenames in a directory
glob characters
which link contains data in the target file?
hard link
command that displays the first few lines of a file
head
this command displays file contents or commands output one page at a time in your terminal
less
hard disk are identified with what?
letter
this command can be used to find any file, not just commands or man pages
locate
this command searches within a database and then outputs every name that matches the given string
locate
always use what with the command ls to display the name of the directories instead of their contents
ls -d
command that displays human readble information
ls -h
command does provides a long list of additional information about the files that are listed, such as permissions, size and other
ls -l
command that provides list in reverse
ls -r
to search man page sections for keyword 'example', what commands can you use
man -k example apropos example
to get help on using info command, use:
man info and info info
these pages have Name, Configuration, Return Value, and Error sections
man pages
blender, GIMP, Inkscape, audacity, ImageMagick
multimedia
creatives commons version of public domain licensing is what?
no rights reserved or cc0
partitions are identified with what?
number
synopsis of a command from a man page, [] are:
optional
CC BY (permissive or copyleft)?
permissive
open source licences that do not contain copyleft provisions and therefore are more permissive in how they allow software to be redistributed
permissive
simplified BSD license (permissive or copyleft)?
permissive
allows for communication between processes denoted as ( p )
pipe
this character respresents any single character, matches exactly one character, no more and no less
question mark?
this command is used to get input from the terminal when using a shell script?
read
directory listing that includes the content of sub directories
recursive
when you want to display all of the files in a directory as well as all of the files in all subdirectories under that directory
recursive listing -R
includes readable files, images files, binary files, and compressed files denoted as ( - )
regular file
$ indicates what kind of user in the shell?
regular user
which path start from the current directory starts with the name of directory
relative
used for something
rm -r
# indicates what kind of user in the shell?
root user
red hat, fedora, and centOS generally use what kind of packages?
rpm, yum, def
freedom 0
run the software
JavaScript, C, Java, Perl, Shell, Python, PHP,
scripting languages
to get help while using info command, press:
shift + H
anything placed in these quotes are not considered variables
single
allows for communication between processes denoted as ( s )
socket
freedom 1
study and modify the software (source code)
points to another file denoted as ( l )
symbolic link
command that displays the last few lines of a file
tail
hda (first device) hdb (second device) hdc (third device)
the format
command that translates or removes characters of a file
tr
info command merges all available documentation into a single book
true
the main purpose of glob characters is to be able to provide a list of filenames to a command (true or false)
true
the rm command can delete multiple files are once (true or false)?
true
command that shows what type a specific command is
type
command that counts number of words, lines, or bytes of a file
wc
command that displays file path to a specified program and related manual files
whereis
this command is normally executed to search for a command or man page
whereis
this command can display the full path to the command in question
which
a logical 'or' and depending on the first command, the second command will either run or be skipped
||
