Lipids

How many double bonds between carbons do SATURATED fats have?

0 double bonds.

Unsaturated Lipid

1 carbon-carbon double bond. Less carbon. Liquid at room temperature.

How many double bonds between carbons do UNSATURATED fats have?

1 double bond.

Polyunsaturated Lipid

1 or more double bonds. Least carbon. Best for your body. Liquid at room temperature.

What are two MAJOR classifications of FATS?

Saturated and unsaturated.

If all fatty acids are composed of an acid group and hydrocarbon chains/tails, how is it possible that there are different fatty acids? In what ways do fatty acids differ from one another?

They have different bonds. Some have no bonds, single bonds, double bonds, with carbons.

If a fat is unsaturated that means that there are one or more double bonds between carbons in the chain. Now, evaluate the statement: If there is a double bond between carbons, there are fewer bonds between carbon and hydrogen's

This statement is true. Where there is a double bond between carbons, there is no hydrogen.

What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids chains.

What is the name of the process that adds hydrogens to an unsaturated fat?

Hydrogenation

The hydrolysis of fat produces what?

3 fatty acids and glycerol backbone.

What are the basic structural characteristics of all fatty acids?

All of CHO but little O. Long chains of C.

If a fat is saturated, it has no double bonds. Except for the acid group carbon, this means that besides being bonded to the carbon next to it, all of the carbons other bonds are with what element? (Saturated with....)

All of the carbons other bonds are with hydrogen. The carbons are saturated with hydrogens.

What are fats found in your kitchen that have saturated fatty acid chains?

Butter, bacon.

What does an acid group look like?

C-C-C-C etc.

What elements ALWAYS compose lipids?

CHOP. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and sometimes Phosphorus.

How would you differentiate a carbohydrate from a triglyceride based on its structure considering both are composed of C, H, and O?

Carbs have a 1:2:1 ratio and have fewer Oxygens.

What are fats found in your kitchen that have poly/unsaturated fatty acid chains?

Corn oil, olive oil

What is the name of the process that adds a double bond to a saturated fat?

Dehydrogenation.

What happens to the physical state of a lipid once it is dehydrogenated?

It becomes a solid.

What happens to the physical state of a lipid once it is hydrogenated?

It becomes a solid.

What are the functions of cholesterol?

It produces hormones, Vitamin D, regulates body functions, and adds structure to the cell.

What are the functions of wax?

Protection to the body, insulates plant leaves and keeps them from dying out.

What is the function of a triglyceride in your body?

Long term energy storage.

Saturated Lipid

No double bonds between 2 carbons. The worst to put in your body. Most carbon. Solid at room temperature.

What is the function of a phospholipid in your body?

Phospholipids are a major component in the cell membrane.

How does being either saturated or unsaturated affect the physical structure/appearance of a fat? Explain how the bonding results in either a liquid or solid state; what does the double bond do to the fat molecule?

Saturated fats are solid. Unsaturated fats are liquid. When a double bond is added the solid turns to liquid.

Which lipid is generally referred to as fat?

Triglycerides

What are the FOUR types of lipids?

Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids.

Unsaturated fats can be either _____ or _____ -unsaturated, depending on the number of _____ in the hydrocarbon tail.

Unsaturated fat's can be either poly or mono unsaturated depending on the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon tail.

The key chemical difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride is....

a phospholipid has phosphorus and a triglyceride doesn't.