Living with Art Chapter 13
R. Buckminster Fuller developed the _________
geodesic dome
When deciding on the structural system for a building, ____ and _____ are the first considerations
weight; tensile strength
In this illustration, what are A and B?
A is a post and B is a lintel
____________ is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material
Adobe
Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?
Ancient Egypt
What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?
Buttresses
Concrete is composed of
Cement Gravel Water
The skeleton of the ______________ ________________ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments
Eiffel Tower
Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?
Flying buttresses Rose windows Pointed arches
In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?
Frieze Cornice Architrave
What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?
Indian
The ____________ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine
Industrial
This image of a classical Greek capital demonstrates the characteristics of the ___________ architectural order
Ionic
What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?
Its limitation to span relatively large open spaces
Which of the following innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?
Mass-produced nails Improved milling lumber techniques
_______________ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base
Pointed arches
Which of the following is not a basic architectural structural system?
Stacking
Which elements characterize International skyscrapers?
Stark linear emphasis Simple geometric forms
Which type of materials are suitable in the construction of load bearing architecture?
Stone Brick Adobe Ice blocks
What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?
Stone Wood
In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?
The frieze
A vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction is called _____
a hypostyle hall
The advantages of reinforced-concrete construction include __________
an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form
In Greek temple design, the __________ is the band of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze
architrave
This image represents a ____________ or an arch extended in depth
barrel vault
In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a _______
bay
Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of ______
bridges
During the mid 19th century the experimental use of ________ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system
cast iron
As shown in this illustration, _______ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged
corbelled domes
The purpose of green architecture is to _____________
create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat
_________ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques
steel-frame
The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as __________
coffering
In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is ______________
contained in more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible
Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building ________
embellishes modern construction with classical decorative details is considered to be the advent of modern skyscraper construction
Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of ____________ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches
flying
In architecture an element in compression is being __________, and element in tension is being ____________
pushed, pulled
Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the _________ structural system
shell
Used in building skyscrapers, ___________ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone
steel-frame
The keystone, as shown in this illustration, _________ a rounded arch
supports the downward and outward thrust of
Fabric structures are also known as
tensile structures
______________ _____________ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated module, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction
Geodesic Domes
What elements are associated with Romanesque style?
Groin vaults Barrel vaults
A __________, such as shown in this illustration, results when barrel vaults are connected at right angles
groin vault
The construction of the Eiffel Tower ________________
is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture