Living with Art Chapter 13

R. Buckminster Fuller developed the _________

geodesic dome

When deciding on the structural system for a building, ____ and _____ are the first considerations

weight; tensile strength

In this illustration, what are A and B?

A is a post and B is a lintel

____________ is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material

Adobe

Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?

Ancient Egypt

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

Buttresses

Concrete is composed of

Cement Gravel Water

The skeleton of the ______________ ________________ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments

Eiffel Tower

Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?

Flying buttresses Rose windows Pointed arches

In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?

Frieze Cornice Architrave

What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?

Indian

The ____________ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine

Industrial

This image of a classical Greek capital demonstrates the characteristics of the ___________ architectural order

Ionic

What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?

Its limitation to span relatively large open spaces

Which of the following innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?

Mass-produced nails Improved milling lumber techniques

_______________ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base

Pointed arches

Which of the following is not a basic architectural structural system?

Stacking

Which elements characterize International skyscrapers?

Stark linear emphasis Simple geometric forms

Which type of materials are suitable in the construction of load bearing architecture?

Stone Brick Adobe Ice blocks

What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?

Stone Wood

In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?

The frieze

A vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction is called _____

a hypostyle hall

The advantages of reinforced-concrete construction include __________

an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form

In Greek temple design, the __________ is the band of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze

architrave

This image represents a ____________ or an arch extended in depth

barrel vault

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a _______

bay

Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of ______

bridges

During the mid 19th century the experimental use of ________ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system

cast iron

As shown in this illustration, _______ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged

corbelled domes

The purpose of green architecture is to _____________

create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

_________ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques

steel-frame

The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as __________

coffering

In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is ______________

contained in more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible

Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building ________

embellishes modern construction with classical decorative details is considered to be the advent of modern skyscraper construction

Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of ____________ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches

flying

In architecture an element in compression is being __________, and element in tension is being ____________

pushed, pulled

Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the _________ structural system

shell

Used in building skyscrapers, ___________ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone

steel-frame

The keystone, as shown in this illustration, _________ a rounded arch

supports the downward and outward thrust of

Fabric structures are also known as

tensile structures

______________ _____________ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated module, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction

Geodesic Domes

What elements are associated with Romanesque style?

Groin vaults Barrel vaults

A __________, such as shown in this illustration, results when barrel vaults are connected at right angles

groin vault

The construction of the Eiffel Tower ________________

is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture