London Final Vocab

Fleet Street

Fleet Street is a major street in the City of London. It runs west to east from Temple Bar at the boundary with the City of Westminster to Ludgate Circus at the site of the London Wall and the River Fleet from which the street was named.

George Jennings p. 12

He installed water closets for public use in Hyde park during the Great Exhibition of 1851. An estimated 827,000 visitors used them.

Sir John Harrington p. 11

He invented a water flushing device in the late sixteenth century and he installed a functioning version for his godmother, Queen Elizabeth, at Richmond Palace

Edward the Confessor

He was responsible for the foundation of Westminster Abbey and spent much of his time at Westminster....among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England. Usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex, he ruled from 1042 to 1066.

Henry VIII

Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII

Wat Taylor

a leader of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England. He marched a group of rebels from Canterbury to the capital to oppose the institution of a poll tax and demand economic and social reforms. While the brief rebellion enjoyed early success, Tyler was killed by officers loyal to King Richard II during negotiations at Smithfield, London.

Norman Conquest

Was caused by Edward the Confessor's death. The Norman conquest of England was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

Smithfield

Wat Tyler was stabbed to death by the Lord Mayor William Walworth in a confrontation at Smithfield and the Peasants revolt collapsed.

Greenwich

a London borough in south-east London, England. Taking its name from the historic town of Greenwich, the London Borough of Greenwich was formed in 1965 by the amalgamation of the former area of the Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich with part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich to the east.

Hampstead Heath

large ancient London Park that covers 790 acres. Runs from Hampstead to highgate, protected to keep the view, Parliament hill is here

Hyde Park

large park in Kensington, used as henry 8ths hunting ground

Broad Street Pump p. 30

long enjoyed reputation as a reliable source of clean well water. It extended twenty-five feet below the surface of the street reaching down past the ten feet of accumulated rubbish and debris that artificially elevated most of London

Regent Street

major shopping street in central London, named after George the prince regent

Wyngaerde's Panorama of London (1543)

map of London, shows only one bridge- the bridge of London. This map shows full architectural details, which other maps do not give

John Rogers p. 53

medical officer based on dean street...struggled to schedule visits to all patients who had fallen ill

Henry Whitehead p. 26

morning stroll to St. Luke's Church on Berwick Street, where he had been appointed assistant curate. a Church of England priest and the assistant curate of St Luke's Church in Soho, London, during the 1854 cholera outbreak

The Lion Brewery p. 28

on Broad Street, employed 70 workers a London brewery on the south bank of the Thames next to Hungerford Bridge.

Fleet River

one of the lost rivers that is now, separated into two ponds which become sewers

Westbourne River

one of the lost rivers, flows into the River Thames

Cornhill

one of the three ancient hills of London, now the financial district of London

Golden Square p. 17

pesthouse fields became fashionable district. Had been built out with elegant Georgian townhouses

Whitechapel

a district in the East End it has been a popular place for immigrants and the working class. The area was the centre of the London Jewish community in the 19th and early 20th century, and the location of the infamous Whitechapel Murders of Jack the Ripper in the late 1880s

Spitalfields

a former parish in the borough of Tower Hamlets, partly in Central Londonand partly in the East End of London, near to Liverpool Street station and Brick Lane

Westminster Abbey

a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.

Roman London

43-410 CE

Boudica

Boudica or Boudicca was a queen of the British Celtic Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire in AD 60 or 61, and died shortly after its failure. She is considered a British folk hero.

Charles I

Charles I was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

Charles II

Charles II was king of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death.

Covent Garden

Covent Garden is in the West End, London's main theatre and entertainment area. Tourists fill its elegant, car-free Piazza, home to fashion stores, crafts at the Apple Market and the Royal Opera House. Street entertainers perform by 17th-century St. Paul's Church, and the London Transport Museum houses vintage vehicles. Restaurants with pre-show deals and high-end spots like The Ivy cater to theatregoers.

Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.

Tower of London

First stone castle of London place of imprisonment for British royalty; built by William the Conqueror

Inigo Jones

Inigo Jones was the first significant English architect in the early modern period, and the first to employ Vitruvian rules of proportion and symmetry in his buildings.

Miasma p. 69 & 127

Just about every epidemic disease on record has been, at one point or another, attributed to poisoned miasma. Miasma theories were eminently compatible with religious tradition as well.

Lincoln's Inn Fields

Lincoln's Inn Fields is the largest public square in London. It was laid out in the 1630s under the initiative of the speculative builder and contractor William Newton

Edwin Chadwick p. 69

London's sanitation commissioner

St. Paul's Cathedral

Mellitus founded...an Anglican cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London

London Bridge

One of the main bridges in London crossing the thames river

Black Death

One of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of at least half its population.

Pudding Lane

Pudding Lane is a minor street in London widely known for being the location of Thomas Farriner's bakery where the Great Fire of London started in 1666. It is off Eastcheap, near London Bridge and the Monument, in the historic City of London.

Samuel Pepys

Samuel Pepys FRS was an administrator of the navy of England and Member of Parliament who is most famous for the diary that he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man.

Christopher Wren

Sir Christopher Wren PRS was an English anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and mathematician-physicist, as well as one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history.

Royal Observatory

known as the Old Royal Observatory, an observatory situated on a hill in Greenwich Park, overlooking the River Thames.

Dissolution of the Monasteries

The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England and Wales and Ireland, appropriated their income, disposed of their assets, and provided for their former personnel and functions.

British East India Company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company,[1] was an English and later British joint-stock company,[2] which was formed to pursue trade with the "East Indies" (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of the Indian subcontinent.

English Civil War

The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists over, principally, the manner of England's government.

Globe Theatre

The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. Burned down and rebuilt, but now only site with thatch roof. Also, no theaters allowed in actual London so this was originally built on the opposite side of London then when London grew with modern times it is not included in the city of London, but not originally included.

The Great Fire

The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.

Great Plague p. 82

The Great Plague of 1665. This was a when a plague ravaged through London. In The Ghost Map, the citizens if London thought that the new sewer system disrupted the dead buried during the Great Plague and caused the cholera outbreak.

The Great Plague of 1665

The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England.

Stuart London (1603-1714)

The House of Stuart, originally Stewart and, in Gaelic, Stiùbhart, was a European royal house that originated in Scotland. Except for the period of the Commonwealth, 1649-1660, the Stuarts were monarchs of the British Isles and its growing empire, until the death of Queen Anne in 1714.

London Wall

The London Wall was the defensive wall first built by the Romans around Londinium, their strategically important port town on the River Thames in what is now London, England, and subsequently maintained until the 18th century.

Lord Mayor

The Lord Mayor of London is the City of London's mayor and leader of the City of London Corporation

The Monument

The Monument to the Great Fire of London, more commonly known simply as the Monument, is a Doric column in the City of London, near the northern end of London Bridge, that commemorates the Great Fire of London.

Palace of Westminster

The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom

Reformation

The Reformation, specifically referred to as the Protestant Reformation, was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th-century Europe. Before the Reformation, more than half of the area of London was the property of monasteries, nunneries and other religious houses

Guildhall

The building has been used as a town hall for several hundred years, and is still the ceremonial and administrative centre of the City of London and its Corporation.

Livery Companies

The livery companies of the City of London, currently 110 in number, comprise London's ancient and modern trade associations and guilds

Lundenwic

The main focus of this settlement was outside the Roman walls, clustering a short distance to the west along what is now the Strand, between the Aldwych and Trafalgar Square. A trade settlement.

Wapping

Wapping's proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as the Prospect of Whitby and Wapping Stairs. Many of the original buildings were demolished during the construction of the London Docks and Wapping was further seriously damaged during the Blitz

Peasants Revolt

a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381. The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London. The final trigger for the revolt was the intervention of a royal official, John Bampton, in Essex on 30 May 1381.

Consilience p. 67

a test of the truth of the theory in which it occurs "takes place when an Induction, obtained from one class of facts, coincides with an Induction obtained from another different class.

South London Waterworks p. 75

a water company that opened up in South London in the 1800's to bring clean water to the city.

St Dunstan's in the East

an Anglican cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother churchof the Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London

St Paul's Cathedral

an Anglican cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother churchof the Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London

William Shakespeare

an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".

Henry Mayhew p. 2

an English social researcher, journalist, playwright and advocate of reform. wrote London Labour and the London Poor:

Charles Dickens p. 2

an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.

John Evelyn

an English writer, gardener and diarist. Evelyn's diaries, or memoirs, are largely contemporaneous with those of his rival diarist, Samuel Pepys, and cast considerable light on the art, culture and politics of the time.

Chelsea

an affluent area in West London, bounded to the south by the River Thames.

The East End

an area of Central, East London and London Docklands, England; east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London, and north of the River Thames. The East End is the historic core of wider East London but is not defined by any universally accepted boundaries, though the various channels of the River Lea are often considered to be the eastern boundary

Westminster

an area of central London within the City of Westminster, part of the West End, on the north bank of the River Thames, where Westminster abbey, Big Ben, and house of parliament are located

Parliament Hill

an area of open parkland in the south-east corner of Hampstead Heath in north-west London, notable for its views of the capital's skyline

Tyburn River

an underground river that flows from South Hampstead through St James's Park to join the River Thames by Whitehall Stairs

Ludgate

another one of the three ancient hills of London, St. Paul's Cathedral is located on this hill.

Isle of Dogs

area in east London, water locked by the river Thames

Regent's Canal

canal across an area in central London, lake from Paddington arm of the grand union central to the lime house basin and the river Thames

Richmond Park

created by Charles I, a deer park which is a nature reserve

Soho p. 16

decades after the plague soho quickly became one of London's most fashionable neighborhoods. Almost a hundred titled families lived there in the 1690's.

Battersea Power Station

decommissioned coal-fired power station located on the south bank of the River Thames, in Nine Elms, Battersea, an inner-city district of South West London

John Nash p. 20

designed Regent Street to connect Marylebone Park with the Prince Regent's new home at Carlton House...he planned and separated the well-to-do of Mayfair from the growing working-class community of Soho

Londinium

developed Roman city on Thames (43 CE); current day London

Kensington

district in west London in royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea, Kensington gardens, Albert memorial and the Daniel house are in Kensington

Friedrich Engels P. 13

embarked on scouting mission for his industrialist father that inspired both a classic text of urban sociology and the modern socialist movement.

Eley Brothers Factory p. 28

home to 150 employees churning out one of the most important military inventions of the century: the percussion cap, which had enabled firearms to be operated in any weather

Thomas Street p. 72

in Horsleydown, 12 people who lived in slum conditions died from an outbreak of cholera.

Blackfriars

is an area of central London, which lies in the south-west corner of the City of London The site was used for great occasions of state, including meetings of Parliament and the Privy Council, as well as the location for a divorce hearing in 1529 of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII

Earl of Craven p. 15

purchased a block of land in a semirural area to the west of central London called Soho Field. He built thirty-six small houses "for the reception of poor and miserable objects" suffering from plague. The rest of the land was used as a mass grave. Each night, the death carts would empty dozens of corpses into the earth.

Regent Park

royal park of London, in north-west London, partly I Westminster and partly Camden, contains Regents College and the London zoo

Positive feedback loops p. 92

self-sustaining; improved agriculture increases food supply which increases population which brings more agriculture etc. etc. etc.; change creates more change

Toshers p.1

someone who scavenges in the sewers, a sewer-hunter, especially in London during the Victorian era. The word tosher was also used to describe the thieves who stripped valuable copper from the hulls of ships moored along the Thames.

Southwark

south London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London

Huguenots

the ethnoreligious group (ethnoreligious means an ethnic group whose members are unified by common religion) of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.

River Thames

the largest river of the London area, flowing west to east across the London Basin. Main river that flows through

City of London

the part of the city that contains the central business district

Vibrio Cholerae p. 36

the technical name for the cholera bacterium. viewed through an electron microscope, the bacterium looks like a swimming peanut

Lea Valley

the valley of the River Lea, has been used as a transport corridor, a source of sand and gravel, an industrial area, a water supply for London, and a recreational area. The London 2012 Summer Olympics were based in Stratford, in the Lower Lea Valley.

Night-soil men p. 9

they would scoop waste into tub at night. worked as independent contractors at the very edge of the legitimate economy. they were at the top of the system of rank and privilege for London's underground market of scavenging

William Blake p. 16

troubled child who would become one of England's greatest poets and artists. opened a print shop in Soho in his late twenties next to his fathers shop

Regent Street p. 20

western boarder of Soho. gleaming white commercial facades...nonstop traffic and bustle

Smithfield p. 27

where the main livestock market was and it would regularly sell 30,000 sheep in two days