Lower limbs
what is the appropriate collimated field size for the AP projection of the foot
1' on all sides including 1'beyond the calcaneus and distal tips of the toes
process on proximal tibia
condyles
two prominent processes on the proximal end of the tibia
condyles
which femoral structures articulate with the tibia
condyles
abnormal twisting of the foot, usually inward and downward
congenital
known as the anterior border of the tibia
crest
which term refers to the sharp ridge on the anterior border of the tibia
crest
lateral tarsal bone
cuboid
which tarsal bone is lateral from the cuneiforms
cuboid
which tarsal bone is located between the calcaneus & the 4th & 5th metatarsals
cuboid
which tarsal bone is located on the lateral side of the foot between the calcaneus and the 4th and 5th metatarsals
cuboid
what is included in the midfoot
cuneiform, cuboid, navicular
which bones articulate distally with the tarsal navicular
cuneiforms
name the tarsal bones that articulate with metatarsals
cuneiforms & cuboid
which bones articulate distally with metatarsals
cuneiforms and cuboid
which positioning factor determines the number of degrees the CR should be angled for the tangential projection (Settegast method) to demonstrate the patella
degree of knew flexion
what should be done to prevent the knee joint space from being obscured by the magnified shadow of the medial femoral condyle when the lateral projection of the knee is formed
direct the CR 5-7 degrees cephalad
where is the intercondylar fossa located
distal femur
where is the lateral malleolus located in the leg
distal fibula
where is the medial malleolus located in the leg
distal tibia
what other projection term refers to the AP projection of the foot
dorsoplantar
regardless of the condition of the patient, which positioning maneuver should be performed to position the foot for the lateral projection
ensure that the plantar surface is perpendicular to the IR
which structure of the knee is best demonstrated with the PA axial projection (Holmblad method)
femoral intercondylar fossa
list the articulations of the tibia
femortibial, proximal tibiofibular, distal tibiofibular, & tibiotalar
largest bone of lower limb
femur
name the largest bone of the lower lib
femur
lateral bone of the leg
fibula
name the lateral bone of the leg
fibula
name the smaller of the bones of the leg
fibula
for the lateral projection of the patella, which positioning maneuver reduces the femoropatellar joint space
flexing the knee more than 10 degrees
what type of movement do the interphalangeal joints permit
flexion & extension
which type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint
gliding
hereditary form of arthritis where uric acid is deposited in joints
gout
superior, lateral process of femur
greater tronchanter
what is the most distal part of a metatarsal
head
what type of joint is an interphalangeal joint
hinge
which type of joint is the ankle joint
hinge
sharp projection between the two superior articular surfaces
intercondylar eminence
what other term refers to the tibial spine
intercondylar eminence
between femoral condyles on posterior aspect
intercondylar fossa
which articulation of the foot is a gliding-type joint
intertarsal
location of fibula in lower leg
lateral
which tibial condyle has a facet for articulation with the head of the fibula
lateral
where on the femur is the greater trochanter located
lateral and superior
which bone articulates medially with the cuboid
lateral cuneiform
enlarged distal end of the fibula
lateral malleolus
which projection of the foot should demonstrate the metatarsals nearly superimposed on each other
lateral projection
which projection of the knee should be used to demonstrate the patella in profile
lateral projection
for which lower limb projection should the pelvis be rotated 10-15 degrees from true lateral
lateral projection of the proximal femur
with which structure does the head of the fibula articulate
lateral tibial condyle
process on distal end of tibia and fibula
malleolus
which cuneiform is the largest cuneiform
medial
where on the femur is the lesser trochanter located
medial and posterior
large process at the distal end of the tibia
medial malleolus
name the large bony process that extends both medially and inferiorly from the distal end of the tibia
medial malleolus
cushion between tibia and femur
menisci
bones of the forefoot
metatarsals
what is included in the forefoot
metatarsals & phalanges
which articulation is an elliposid-type joint
metatarsophalangeals
alternate name of the ankle joint
mortise
tarsal located between talus and cuneiforms
navicular
which tarsal bone is located between the talus and the cuneiforms
navicular
which tarsal bone is located on the medial side of the foot between the talus and the 3rd cuneiforms
navicular
which bones comprise the midfoot
navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms
Incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity
osgood-schlatter disease
benign bone tumor projection with a cartilaginous cap (exostosis)
osteochondroma
lucent lesion in the metaphysis, usually the distal femur
osteoclastoma
a benign lesion of cortical bone
osteoid osteoma
softening of the bones (rickets) due to a vitamin D deficiency
osteomalacia
where should the patella be demonstrated on the radiograph of the AP oblique projection of the knee with lateral rotation
over the lateral femoral condyle
where should the patella be demonstrated on the radiograph of the AP oblique projection of the knee with medial rotation
over the medial condyle of the femur
thick, soft bone marked by bowing clubfoot and fractures
paget disease
sesamoid that protects knee joint
patella
which structure of the knee is best demonstrated with the tangential projection
patella
for the AP projection of the femur on typical adults, what should be done to ensure that both joints of the femur are demonstrated
perform a second exposure with another IR
how and toward what centering point should the CR be directed for the AP oblique projection to demonstrate all five toes
perpendicular to the third MTP
how should the CR be directed for the AP projection of the femur
perpendicularly
how should the CR be directed for the bilateral weight-bearing AP projection of the knees
perpendicularly
toe bones
phalanges
articular surfaces on superior tibia
plateaus
which area of the knee should the CR enter for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method)
posterior
avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with the loss of the ankle mortise
pott fracture
where is the fovea capitis located
proximal femur
with what do the heads of metatarsals articulate
proximal phalanges
where in the foot is the tuberosity that is easily palpable
proximal portion of the fifth metatarsal
where are the tibial plateaus located
proximal tibia
where is the intercondylar eminence located
proximal tibia
which joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the fibula with the lateral condyle of the tibia
proximal tibiofibular
which positioning maneuver should be performed to place the femoral neck in profile for the AP projection of the proximal femur
rotate the lower limb medially 10-15 degrees
which bone classification are tarsals
short
which part of the patella is the base
superior border
which articulation should be seen in profile with the AP oblique projection (medial rotation) of the ankle
talofibular
which bone articulates with the superior surface of the calcaneus
talus
which tarsal bone articulates superiorly on the calcaneus
talus
which tarsal bone forms part if the ankle joint
talus
which tarsal bone is the most superior tarsal bone
talus
with what bone does the undersurface of the tibia articulate
talus
what is included in the hindfoot
talus & calcaneous
which two tarsal bones articulate with each other by the way of three facets
talus and calcaneus
how should the CR be directed to best demonstrate the tarsometatarsal joint spaces of the midfoot for the AP projection of the foot
10 degrees posteriorly (toward the heel)
ow many phalanges are found on the foot
14
how many degrees and in what direction should the CR be directed for the AP axial projection of the toes
15 degrees cephalad
how many degrees and in which direction should the foot and leg be rotated to best demonstrate the mortise joint for the AP oblique projection of the ankle
15-20 degrees medially
for the lateral projection of the knee, how many degrees should the knee be flexed
20-30 degrees
how many bones are found in one lower limb
30
how many degrees and in what direction should the foot be rotated for the AP oblique projection of the foot
30 degrees medially
how many degrees and in what direction should the foot be rotated for the AP oblique projection to best demonstrate the great toe
30-45 degrees medially
how many degrees and in what direction should the foot be rotated for the AP oblique projection to demonstrate the second toe
30-45 degrees medially
how many degrees and in what direction should the CR be directed for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus
40 degrees cephalad
how many metatarsals are found in the foot
5
how many degrees and in what direction should the CR be directed for the lateral projection of the knee
5-7 degrees cephalad
which metatarsal has a tuberosity that i prominent at its base
5th metatarsal
how many tarsals are found in the ankle
7
how many degrees of angulation should be formed between the femur and the radiographic table for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the knee
70 degrees
how long should the collimated field be for the AP and AP oblique projection of the ankle
8inches (20cm)
how many interphalangeal articulations does one foot have
9
where should the CR be directed for the AP oblique projection of the foot
the base of the 3rd metatarsal
which of the following evaluation criteria indicates that the knee is properly positioned for a lateral projection
the femoral condyles are superimposed
which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the femoral intercondylar fossa
PA axial projection (Camp-Conventry method)
which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the intercondylar fossa
PA axial projection (Holmblad method)
which of the following evaluation criteria indicates that the knee is properly position for the AP projection
the femorotibial joint space is open
which structure s located on the head of the fibula
apex
which term refers to the inferior tip of the patella
apex
where, exactly is the intercondylar fossa located
at the distal end of the posterior femur between the condyles
where should the CR enter for the later projection of the ankle
at the medial malleolus
which two projections comprise the typical series that best demonstrates the calcaneus
axial (plantodorsal) & lateral projection
at which level on the plantar surface should the central ray enter the foot for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus
base of the 3rd metatarsal
where in the foot are the cuneiforms located
between the navicular and the metatarsals
fluid-filled cyst with a wall of fibrous tissue
bone cyst
largest tarsal bone
calcaneus
which is the largest of the tarsal bones
calcaneus
which tarsal bone comprises the heel of the foot
calcaneus
how many degrees and in what direction should the CR be directed for the AP xial projection of the foot
10 degrees cephalad
which projection of the foot best demonstrates the cuboid and its articulations
AP oblique (medially rotation)
which projection of the ankle best demonstrates the talofibular joint space free from the bony superimposition
AP oblique projection (medial rotation)
which projection of the foot best demonstrates most of the tarsals with the least amount of superimposition
AP oblique projection (medial rotation)
which projection of the foot best demonstrates the bases of the 4th and 5th metatarsals free form superimposition
AP oblique projection (medial rotation)
which projection of the foot best demonstrates the sinus tarsi
AP oblique projection (medial rotation)
which projection of the knee best demonstrates the proximal tibiofibular articulation without bony superimposition
AP oblique projection (medial rotation)
which projection of the knee should be used to demonstrate the patella completely superimposed on the femur
AP projection
for which lower limb projection should the lower limb be rotated medially 10-15 degrees
AP projection of the proximal femur
which projection of the ankle should be performed to best demonstrate a ligamentous tear
AP projection with inversion
which projection of the knee best demonstrates the femorotibial joint space open if the patient measures more than 10 inches (24cm) between the ASIS and the tabletop
AP projection with the CR angled 3-5 degrees cephalad
with reference to the plane of the IR, how should the malleoli be positioned for the AP oblique projection of the ankle to best demonstrate the mortise joint spaces open
Parallel
with which structure does the head of the femur articulate
acetabulum
on which border of the tibia is the crest located
anterior
conical projection at the head of the fibula
apex
what structure is located on the proximal end of the fibula
apex
name the two bones of the leg
tib/fib
medial lower leg bone
tibia
the larger of the two bones of the leg
tibia
two joints in the lower leg
tibiofibular
where should the central ray be directed for the lateral projection of the calcaneus
toward the midpoint of the calcaneus
which part of the talus articulates with the distal tibia
trochlea
for the lateral projection of the femur, how should the pelvis be positioned to demonstrate only the knee joint with the distal femoral shaft
true lateral
two peaklike processes arising from the intercondylar eminence
tubercles
prominent process on the anterior surface of the tibia; just below the condyles
tuberosity
which term refers to the prominent process on the anterior surface of the proximal tibia that is just inferior to the condyles
tuberosity