Lymphatic System

Hapten

A ________ is a smaller molecule that cannot by itself trigger an immune response but can do so when bound to a larger molecule.

Perforin

A cytotoxic T cell secretes the protein _______ to the surface of antigen-bearing cells in order to destroy them

resulting from repeated exposure of the skin to certain chemicals and subsequent activation of T cells

A delayed reaction allergy is

pathogen

A disease causing agent is called

Lymphatic capillaries Afferent lymphatic vessels lymph node Efferent lymphatic vessels lymphatic trunk collecting duct

List the types of lymphatic vessels in their correct order from tissue to the subclavian vein

valves

Lymphatic vessels have _____ that help prevent backflow of lymph

interferon

Lymphocytes produce hormone like peptides called ______ in response to viruses

rupturing membranes of foreign cells

Lysis

liver spleen lymph node

Macrophages may be free or fixed in various tissues but the fixed which can divide and produce new macrophages are found in the

altering the molecular structure of viruses

Neutralization

enhancing phagocytosis of antigens

Opsonization

increases

Phagocytic cells attack more vigorously when temperature

Fluids accumulate containing fibrinogen Clotting forms a network of fibrin threads Fibroclasts secrete matrix components Infected area enclosed in connective tissue

Rank the order of events that help inhibit the spread of pathogens and toxins to adjacent tissues from an infected region

Immunity

Resistance to specific pathogens or toxins is known as __________

Secrete interferon that inhibits the proliferation of viruses Secrete growth inhibiting factors that prevent target cell growth Secrete toxins that kill antigen bearing target cells

Several T cells have distinct functions and include which of these

resistance resistance

Species _____ refers to a given organism _____ to diseases that affect other organisms

antigen-presenting cell

T cell activation requires the presence of processed antigen fragments attached to the surface of a

Memory cells

The T cells that do not respond to a foreign antigen on first exposure but respond rapidly upon subsequent exposure are

Spleen

The ____ destroys old and fragile red blood cells contains macrophages that respond to foreign substances in the blood and acts as a blood reservoir.

lymphocytes macrophages

The ______ and ______ in the lymph nodes functions to attack bacteria, viruses and destroy foreign substances as lymph is being filtered

Memory

The _______ T cells immediately divide to yield more cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen

Lymphocytes Macrophages

The ________ and ________ in the lymph nodes function to attack bacteria, viruses and destroy foreign substances as lymph is being filtered.

connective

The area of an infected tissue is walled off or enclosed in a ______ tissue sac to prevent spread of pathogens and toxins to adjacent tissues

thymus

The bilobed organ located between the lungs and relatively superior to the heart is the:

natural killer cells

The cells that function in innate immunity to defend the body against viruses by secreting perforins are called?

Memory and plasma cells

The clones of activated B cells will differeniate into:

naturally acquired passive immunity

The crossing of antibodies (IgG) from maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream causes the fetus to have

Thymus

The encapsulated, bilobed lymphatic tissue that shrinks with age is called the _____

Contraction of the surrounding skeletal muscle The pressure changes associated with breathing Contraction of smooth muscle walls of the larger lymphatic trunks

The flow of lymph is induced by

Return the bloodstream most of the small proteins filtered by the blood capillaries transport foreign particles to lymph nodes

The function of lymph is

MHC antigens

The greater the difference between these cell surface molecules of the recipient and donor tissues, the more the chances for rejection.

Thymus

The hormone thymosin is secreted by which of these glands

allergic

The immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with ____ reactions

IgM

The immunoglobulin present in plasma in response to certain antigens in foods or bacteria is

IgG

The immunoglobulin that is found in plasma tissue fluids, and also activates complement is:

IgD

The immunoglobulin that is found on the surface of most B cells is

Spleen

The largest lymphatic organ, just inferior to the diaphragm is called the

Innate immunity

The non-specific defense to pathogens that responds quite rapidly is called

be produced

The prefix -gen as in allergen means

Liquid

The prefix humor- as in humoral immunity means _____

perforin

The protein _____ is released by cytotoxic T cells to the surface of infected or cancerous, antigen-bearing cells

inhospitable

The role of fever in innate defense is to make the body _____ to certain pathogens

...

The role of fever in innate defense is to make the body ______ to

lymph nodes

The specialized organs found between the lymphatic vessels and trunks are called

autoimmune

The specific nature of an _____ disorder reflects the cell types that are the target of the immune attack

True

True or False Direct antibody attack is not as important as complement activation because complement produces a greater variety of effects

True

True or False: B cell proliferation requires a helper T cell

True

True or False: Filtration from plasma normally exceeds reabsorption, leading to the formation of tissue fluid

false

True or false auto immunity is the ability of the immune system to detect nonself antigens only

False

True or false the combination of enzymes and HCl in the stomach make it more habitable to pathogens

Lymphatic capillaries

What component of the lymphatic system is comprised of only simple squamous epithelium?

Lymphatic

What system responds to foreign antigens but not to "self antigens?

macrophages

When monocytes migrate out of the blood stream to the tissues they become known as

The most active phagocytes in the blood are neutrophils and monocytes Phagocytes in the lymph removes foreign particles as it moves from interstitial spaces to the bloodstream Phagocytes in the blood vessels and tissues of spleen liver or bone marrow remove particles that reach blood

Which of the following are correct about phagocytes and phagocytosis

Central Nervous System

Which of the following tissues or systems are lacking lymphatic vessels

Matching donor and recipient tissues Immunosuppresive drugs

Which of the following will minimize transplant rejection?

Memory cells

Which of these have a longer half life

Neutrophils Monocytes

While both neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytes ______ will engulf smaller particles and ______ phagocytize large ones

cortex

Within a lymph node the lymphatic nodules are located in the

Cell mediated

_____ immunity is a form of adaptive immunity in which there is direct interaction between activated T lymphocytes and antigen-bearing cells

Macrophages

phagocytic cells in the lymph nodes called _____ engulf and destroy cellular debris as lymph is being filtered

IgA

the immunoglobulin _____ is commonly found in breast milk and tears

Lacks receptors that a particular pathogen requires Lacks the chemical environment that a particular pathogen requires Lacks the temperature that a particular pathogen requires

A given species may be resistant to disease that affect other species because its cells or tissues

complement

A group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that interact in series of reactions is

cytokines

A helper T cell secretes ______ that stimulate proliferation of the B cell

antibodies

A helper T cell stimulates a B cell to produce

major histocompatibility complex

A macrophage phagocytizes a bacterium and antigen displayed on the cell membrane near the

Anaphylactic

A sever form of immediate-reaction allergy that is life threatening is ______ shock

Nodule

A small mass of lymphocytes surrounded by connective tissue is called a

Artificially

A vaccine of antigens that stimulates a primary immune response causes a person to develop _____ acquired active immunity

edema

Accumulation of fluid in the tissue is called

Natural Artificially

Acquired immunity can arise in response to ______ events or be induced _____ by injection.

clumping of antigens-bearing agents

Agglutination

IgM

Along with IgG this immunoglobulin is also present in plasma

An immediate reaction allergy

An allergic reaction that occurs within minutes after contact with an allergen is called

B cells

An immediate reaction allergy activates ______ when allergen is first encountered

artificially acquired passive immunity

An injection of antibodies from the plasma of persons who have developed immunity against a particular disease into persons who have just been exposed to the pathogens is known as

Immunoglobulin

Antibodies are also known as

humoral

Antibody-mediated immune response is also known as _____ immune response

Glycolipids Proteins Glycoproteins

Antigens are usually located on a cell's surface and could be any of these:

Lymph nodes

B cells and T cells reside in these lymphatic organs

Activation of the complement

Certain antigen antibody complexes will expose reactive sites on antibody molecules leading to

attracting macrophages and neutrophils

Chemotaxis

Helper T cell

Cytokines from which of the T cells activate the cytotoxic T cell

Lymph Bloodstream

Foreign particles are removed from the _____ as it moves from the interstitial spaces to the ________

pathogen

Disease causing agents are also known as

IgM followed by IgG

During a primary immune response, plasma cells release two types of antibodies into lymph in this order

Innate Pathogens

Fever is part of the _____ defense because it makes the body inhospitable to certain _____

Liver Spleen

Higher body temperature causes iron to be sequestered by the organs namely _____ and _________

Spleen

Identify the part of the lymphatic system indicated in the picture

mast cells and basophils

IgE attaches to the cell membranes of these cells that will release allergy mediators

antibody cell

Immediate hypersensitivity is associated with ____ mediated immunity, while delayed hypersensitivity is associated with _____ mediated immunity

autoimmune

In _____ disorders the immune system is unable to distinguish a particular self antigen from a nonself antigen

Cytotoxic

In autoimmunity a persons immune system will produce autoantibodies and ________ T cells that attack and damage tissues

secondary

In the _______ immune response antibodies are produced more rapidly after exposure to antigens

Fat Absorption Immunity Fluid Balance

Indicate the functions of the lymphatic system

Antibodies activate complement Antibodies directly attack the antigen Antibodies stimulate inflammation

Indicate the mechanisms by which antibodies react to antigens

immune surveillance filter lymph

Indicate the two primary functions of lymph nodes

Memory B Cells

Indicate what type of cell responds to the presence of antigens during the secondary immune response

Type 1 Diabetes Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic lupus erythematous

Indicate which of the following are autoimmune diseases

Short term immune response and the individual is susceptible to the antigen upon exposure at a later date Occurs when a person receives antibodies produced by another individual

Indicate which of these phrases are associated with passive immunity

White Blood Cells

Infected cells or tissue release chemicals that attract these cells to the inflammation sites

cytokines

Interleukin stimulates the synthesis of _____ by T cells

abdominal thoracic

Low thoracic cavity pressure with increase abdominal cavity pressure squeezea lymph from the _________ cavity vessels into the ______ cavity vessels

Nodes Nervous

Lymph _____ are found along lymphatic vessels throughout the body, but absent in the central _____ system

nutrients, hormones, and gases

Lymph is composed of water and

Along the lymphatic pathways

Lymph nodes are found:

White pulp

The splenic tissue distributed throughout the spleen in tiny islands and packed with lymphocytes is called

Red pulp

The splenic tissue surrounds the venous sinuses and contains numerous red blood cells, plus lymphocytes and macrophages

Adaptive defense Specific Defense Immunity

The third line of defense which is resistance to specific pathogens or their toxins is called

Macrophages

These cells function to destroy non-microbes such as foreign substances damaged cells and cellular debris as lymph is being filtered

IgA IgE

These two immunoglobulins are found in exocrine secretions

Thymosins T cells

Thymus gland secretes _______ which is important for the maturation __________