Lymphatic System
Hapten
A ________ is a smaller molecule that cannot by itself trigger an immune response but can do so when bound to a larger molecule.
Perforin
A cytotoxic T cell secretes the protein _______ to the surface of antigen-bearing cells in order to destroy them
resulting from repeated exposure of the skin to certain chemicals and subsequent activation of T cells
A delayed reaction allergy is
pathogen
A disease causing agent is called
Lymphatic capillaries Afferent lymphatic vessels lymph node Efferent lymphatic vessels lymphatic trunk collecting duct
List the types of lymphatic vessels in their correct order from tissue to the subclavian vein
valves
Lymphatic vessels have _____ that help prevent backflow of lymph
interferon
Lymphocytes produce hormone like peptides called ______ in response to viruses
rupturing membranes of foreign cells
Lysis
liver spleen lymph node
Macrophages may be free or fixed in various tissues but the fixed which can divide and produce new macrophages are found in the
altering the molecular structure of viruses
Neutralization
enhancing phagocytosis of antigens
Opsonization
increases
Phagocytic cells attack more vigorously when temperature
Fluids accumulate containing fibrinogen Clotting forms a network of fibrin threads Fibroclasts secrete matrix components Infected area enclosed in connective tissue
Rank the order of events that help inhibit the spread of pathogens and toxins to adjacent tissues from an infected region
Immunity
Resistance to specific pathogens or toxins is known as __________
Secrete interferon that inhibits the proliferation of viruses Secrete growth inhibiting factors that prevent target cell growth Secrete toxins that kill antigen bearing target cells
Several T cells have distinct functions and include which of these
resistance resistance
Species _____ refers to a given organism _____ to diseases that affect other organisms
antigen-presenting cell
T cell activation requires the presence of processed antigen fragments attached to the surface of a
Memory cells
The T cells that do not respond to a foreign antigen on first exposure but respond rapidly upon subsequent exposure are
Spleen
The ____ destroys old and fragile red blood cells contains macrophages that respond to foreign substances in the blood and acts as a blood reservoir.
lymphocytes macrophages
The ______ and ______ in the lymph nodes functions to attack bacteria, viruses and destroy foreign substances as lymph is being filtered
Memory
The _______ T cells immediately divide to yield more cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen
Lymphocytes Macrophages
The ________ and ________ in the lymph nodes function to attack bacteria, viruses and destroy foreign substances as lymph is being filtered.
connective
The area of an infected tissue is walled off or enclosed in a ______ tissue sac to prevent spread of pathogens and toxins to adjacent tissues
thymus
The bilobed organ located between the lungs and relatively superior to the heart is the:
natural killer cells
The cells that function in innate immunity to defend the body against viruses by secreting perforins are called?
Memory and plasma cells
The clones of activated B cells will differeniate into:
naturally acquired passive immunity
The crossing of antibodies (IgG) from maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream causes the fetus to have
Thymus
The encapsulated, bilobed lymphatic tissue that shrinks with age is called the _____
Contraction of the surrounding skeletal muscle The pressure changes associated with breathing Contraction of smooth muscle walls of the larger lymphatic trunks
The flow of lymph is induced by
Return the bloodstream most of the small proteins filtered by the blood capillaries transport foreign particles to lymph nodes
The function of lymph is
MHC antigens
The greater the difference between these cell surface molecules of the recipient and donor tissues, the more the chances for rejection.
Thymus
The hormone thymosin is secreted by which of these glands
allergic
The immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with ____ reactions
IgM
The immunoglobulin present in plasma in response to certain antigens in foods or bacteria is
IgG
The immunoglobulin that is found in plasma tissue fluids, and also activates complement is:
IgD
The immunoglobulin that is found on the surface of most B cells is
Spleen
The largest lymphatic organ, just inferior to the diaphragm is called the
Innate immunity
The non-specific defense to pathogens that responds quite rapidly is called
be produced
The prefix -gen as in allergen means
Liquid
The prefix humor- as in humoral immunity means _____
perforin
The protein _____ is released by cytotoxic T cells to the surface of infected or cancerous, antigen-bearing cells
inhospitable
The role of fever in innate defense is to make the body _____ to certain pathogens
...
The role of fever in innate defense is to make the body ______ to
lymph nodes
The specialized organs found between the lymphatic vessels and trunks are called
autoimmune
The specific nature of an _____ disorder reflects the cell types that are the target of the immune attack
True
True or False Direct antibody attack is not as important as complement activation because complement produces a greater variety of effects
True
True or False: B cell proliferation requires a helper T cell
True
True or False: Filtration from plasma normally exceeds reabsorption, leading to the formation of tissue fluid
false
True or false auto immunity is the ability of the immune system to detect nonself antigens only
False
True or false the combination of enzymes and HCl in the stomach make it more habitable to pathogens
Lymphatic capillaries
What component of the lymphatic system is comprised of only simple squamous epithelium?
Lymphatic
What system responds to foreign antigens but not to "self antigens?
macrophages
When monocytes migrate out of the blood stream to the tissues they become known as
The most active phagocytes in the blood are neutrophils and monocytes Phagocytes in the lymph removes foreign particles as it moves from interstitial spaces to the bloodstream Phagocytes in the blood vessels and tissues of spleen liver or bone marrow remove particles that reach blood
Which of the following are correct about phagocytes and phagocytosis
Central Nervous System
Which of the following tissues or systems are lacking lymphatic vessels
Matching donor and recipient tissues Immunosuppresive drugs
Which of the following will minimize transplant rejection?
Memory cells
Which of these have a longer half life
Neutrophils Monocytes
While both neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytes ______ will engulf smaller particles and ______ phagocytize large ones
cortex
Within a lymph node the lymphatic nodules are located in the
Cell mediated
_____ immunity is a form of adaptive immunity in which there is direct interaction between activated T lymphocytes and antigen-bearing cells
Macrophages
phagocytic cells in the lymph nodes called _____ engulf and destroy cellular debris as lymph is being filtered
IgA
the immunoglobulin _____ is commonly found in breast milk and tears
Lacks receptors that a particular pathogen requires Lacks the chemical environment that a particular pathogen requires Lacks the temperature that a particular pathogen requires
A given species may be resistant to disease that affect other species because its cells or tissues
complement
A group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that interact in series of reactions is
cytokines
A helper T cell secretes ______ that stimulate proliferation of the B cell
antibodies
A helper T cell stimulates a B cell to produce
major histocompatibility complex
A macrophage phagocytizes a bacterium and antigen displayed on the cell membrane near the
Anaphylactic
A sever form of immediate-reaction allergy that is life threatening is ______ shock
Nodule
A small mass of lymphocytes surrounded by connective tissue is called a
Artificially
A vaccine of antigens that stimulates a primary immune response causes a person to develop _____ acquired active immunity
edema
Accumulation of fluid in the tissue is called
Natural Artificially
Acquired immunity can arise in response to ______ events or be induced _____ by injection.
clumping of antigens-bearing agents
Agglutination
IgM
Along with IgG this immunoglobulin is also present in plasma
An immediate reaction allergy
An allergic reaction that occurs within minutes after contact with an allergen is called
B cells
An immediate reaction allergy activates ______ when allergen is first encountered
artificially acquired passive immunity
An injection of antibodies from the plasma of persons who have developed immunity against a particular disease into persons who have just been exposed to the pathogens is known as
Immunoglobulin
Antibodies are also known as
humoral
Antibody-mediated immune response is also known as _____ immune response
Glycolipids Proteins Glycoproteins
Antigens are usually located on a cell's surface and could be any of these:
Lymph nodes
B cells and T cells reside in these lymphatic organs
Activation of the complement
Certain antigen antibody complexes will expose reactive sites on antibody molecules leading to
attracting macrophages and neutrophils
Chemotaxis
Helper T cell
Cytokines from which of the T cells activate the cytotoxic T cell
Lymph Bloodstream
Foreign particles are removed from the _____ as it moves from the interstitial spaces to the ________
pathogen
Disease causing agents are also known as
IgM followed by IgG
During a primary immune response, plasma cells release two types of antibodies into lymph in this order
Innate Pathogens
Fever is part of the _____ defense because it makes the body inhospitable to certain _____
Liver Spleen
Higher body temperature causes iron to be sequestered by the organs namely _____ and _________
Spleen
Identify the part of the lymphatic system indicated in the picture
mast cells and basophils
IgE attaches to the cell membranes of these cells that will release allergy mediators
antibody cell
Immediate hypersensitivity is associated with ____ mediated immunity, while delayed hypersensitivity is associated with _____ mediated immunity
autoimmune
In _____ disorders the immune system is unable to distinguish a particular self antigen from a nonself antigen
Cytotoxic
In autoimmunity a persons immune system will produce autoantibodies and ________ T cells that attack and damage tissues
secondary
In the _______ immune response antibodies are produced more rapidly after exposure to antigens
Fat Absorption Immunity Fluid Balance
Indicate the functions of the lymphatic system
Antibodies activate complement Antibodies directly attack the antigen Antibodies stimulate inflammation
Indicate the mechanisms by which antibodies react to antigens
immune surveillance filter lymph
Indicate the two primary functions of lymph nodes
Memory B Cells
Indicate what type of cell responds to the presence of antigens during the secondary immune response
Type 1 Diabetes Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic lupus erythematous
Indicate which of the following are autoimmune diseases
Short term immune response and the individual is susceptible to the antigen upon exposure at a later date Occurs when a person receives antibodies produced by another individual
Indicate which of these phrases are associated with passive immunity
White Blood Cells
Infected cells or tissue release chemicals that attract these cells to the inflammation sites
cytokines
Interleukin stimulates the synthesis of _____ by T cells
abdominal thoracic
Low thoracic cavity pressure with increase abdominal cavity pressure squeezea lymph from the _________ cavity vessels into the ______ cavity vessels
Nodes Nervous
Lymph _____ are found along lymphatic vessels throughout the body, but absent in the central _____ system
nutrients, hormones, and gases
Lymph is composed of water and
Along the lymphatic pathways
Lymph nodes are found:
White pulp
The splenic tissue distributed throughout the spleen in tiny islands and packed with lymphocytes is called
Red pulp
The splenic tissue surrounds the venous sinuses and contains numerous red blood cells, plus lymphocytes and macrophages
Adaptive defense Specific Defense Immunity
The third line of defense which is resistance to specific pathogens or their toxins is called
Macrophages
These cells function to destroy non-microbes such as foreign substances damaged cells and cellular debris as lymph is being filtered
IgA IgE
These two immunoglobulins are found in exocrine secretions
Thymosins T cells
Thymus gland secretes _______ which is important for the maturation __________
