Male Reproductive System

What are the steps of spermatogenesis?

Dark A-->Pale A-->pale B-->primary spermatocyte-->secondary spermatocyte-->early spermatid-->late spermatid

What are the compartments of the testis?

adlumenal and basal

What is the the fnc of androgen binding protein?

helps stabilize and sequester testosterone

What can cause the degradation of the seminiferous epithelium?

increased temperature, such as in cryptorchidism

What is the status of leydig cells in the fetal testes?

indistinct and nonfunctional

inhibin

inhibits production of FSH in pituitary

Where are the leydig cells located? what regulates them?

interstitial space of testis; LH and FSH

What is the endocrine function of the testes?

testosterone production

What layer is located directly below the tunica vaginalis of the testes? What is made up of?

tunica albiguinea, thick dense CT

What is the outermost layer of the testes?

visceral tunica vaginalis, made up of peritoneum

Mitotic divisions in spermatogenesis occur until?

differentiation of pale B, then meiosis takes over

What is spermiation?

elongation of spermatid-->spermatazoa

Where is sperm stored?

epididymis

When exiting the epididymis what path does the sperm take to exit?

epididymis-->vas deferns-->prostatic urethra-->penile urethra-->outside

When does sperm become motile?

female reproductive tract

what is the tubular wall of the testis made of?

fibroblasts and CT

What does the prostate supply to semen?

fructose to provide energy

where are primary spermatocytes located?

further away from lumen than spermatid, have large nuclei

in the fetal testis, the gonocytes are precursors to what? how do they stain?

germ cells; lightly

What cells make testosterone?

leydig cells

What is the mediastinum?

located on the outside of the tunica albiguinea where all ducts, vessels, and nerves enter and exit testis

What is the structure and function of the scrotum?

made up of skin, muscle, and CT; regulates temperature of sperm

What's the fnc of antimuellerian hormone?

prevents development of mullerian duct--ONLY FOUND IN FEMALES

What is the role of the sertoli-sertoli jnc?

protection of developing germ cells

What is structure of leydig cells?

round nucleus with ring of heterochromatin

Cells that produce steroids have a lot of what organells?

sER, mitochondria, golgi

Location of sertoli cells?

can be located between basemembrane and lumen of seminiferous epithelium

What does the seminal vesicle contribute to semen?

citric acid to create proper environment

Where are spermatids located?

closest to lumen of seminiferous tubule

Germ cell maturation is not synchronized, leading to...

constant sperm production

What do sertoli cells form that surround the developing germ cells?

cytoplasmic process

Where are the sertoli cells located?

seminiferous tubules

Where does gametogenesis occur?

seminiferous tubules

What divides the testis into lobules?

septum from albiguinea

What is the epithelium of the tubuli recti made up of?

sertoli cells that become more cuboidal closer to rete testis

supporting cells are precursors to what? how do they stain?

sertoli cells; darkly

What divides the compts of testis?

sertoli-sertoli cell junction; very strong, like a blood-testis barrier so immune system can't work on testis

What junctions do sertoli cells make?

sertoli-sertoli; sertoli-spermatid

What is the exocrine function of the testes?

sperm and semen production

What is spermatocytogenesis?

spermatogonia-->spermatid

What do the tubules of the fetal testes contain?

supportive cells (sertoli cell precursor) and gonocytes

What are the components of the male repro system?

testes, duct system, accessory glands

Where is sperm produced? Where does it exit? What does it travel through to get there?

testis, duct system, penis

What is spermatogenesis?

the development from diploid spermatogonia to haploid spermatozoa

How can you tell sertoli cells apart from sperm precursors?

they stain lighter

What is the structure of the tunica albiguinea?

thick layer of CT contains structure components of testis

What is the structure of tunica vaginalis?

thin layer of CT covered by mesothelium

Why do cells remain attached during spermatogenesis?

to maintain synchronization

transferrin

transfers iron

Order of ducts out of the testis.

tubulus rectus-->rete testis in CT of mediastinum-->12 loops of ductulis efferentes-->edpidiymis, storage-->vas deferens

What do the sertoli cells produce?

androgen binding protein, antimuellerian hormone, transferrin, inhibin

How many sperm are formed with each dark a spermatogonia?

4000

What are the stages of SPERMIOGENESIS? What happens in them?

1. golgi--begin to form acrosome and tail 2. acrosomal--acrosome complete, can now enter zona pellucida 3.early maturation- elongation 4. middle maturation-mitochondria spiral around tail, and elongates. 9+2 conformation

What are the layers of scrotum? outermost-->innermost

1. skin 2. dartos muscle 3. colles fascia 4. parietal tunica vaginalis 5. tunica albiguinea

What is the tubular wall made up of?

CT, fibroblast layer, basement membrane