Male Reproductive System
What are the steps of spermatogenesis?
Dark A-->Pale A-->pale B-->primary spermatocyte-->secondary spermatocyte-->early spermatid-->late spermatid
What are the compartments of the testis?
adlumenal and basal
What is the the fnc of androgen binding protein?
helps stabilize and sequester testosterone
What can cause the degradation of the seminiferous epithelium?
increased temperature, such as in cryptorchidism
What is the status of leydig cells in the fetal testes?
indistinct and nonfunctional
inhibin
inhibits production of FSH in pituitary
Where are the leydig cells located? what regulates them?
interstitial space of testis; LH and FSH
What is the endocrine function of the testes?
testosterone production
What layer is located directly below the tunica vaginalis of the testes? What is made up of?
tunica albiguinea, thick dense CT
What is the outermost layer of the testes?
visceral tunica vaginalis, made up of peritoneum
Mitotic divisions in spermatogenesis occur until?
differentiation of pale B, then meiosis takes over
What is spermiation?
elongation of spermatid-->spermatazoa
Where is sperm stored?
epididymis
When exiting the epididymis what path does the sperm take to exit?
epididymis-->vas deferns-->prostatic urethra-->penile urethra-->outside
When does sperm become motile?
female reproductive tract
what is the tubular wall of the testis made of?
fibroblasts and CT
What does the prostate supply to semen?
fructose to provide energy
where are primary spermatocytes located?
further away from lumen than spermatid, have large nuclei
in the fetal testis, the gonocytes are precursors to what? how do they stain?
germ cells; lightly
What cells make testosterone?
leydig cells
What is the mediastinum?
located on the outside of the tunica albiguinea where all ducts, vessels, and nerves enter and exit testis
What is the structure and function of the scrotum?
made up of skin, muscle, and CT; regulates temperature of sperm
What's the fnc of antimuellerian hormone?
prevents development of mullerian duct--ONLY FOUND IN FEMALES
What is the role of the sertoli-sertoli jnc?
protection of developing germ cells
What is structure of leydig cells?
round nucleus with ring of heterochromatin
Cells that produce steroids have a lot of what organells?
sER, mitochondria, golgi
Location of sertoli cells?
can be located between basemembrane and lumen of seminiferous epithelium
What does the seminal vesicle contribute to semen?
citric acid to create proper environment
Where are spermatids located?
closest to lumen of seminiferous tubule
Germ cell maturation is not synchronized, leading to...
constant sperm production
What do sertoli cells form that surround the developing germ cells?
cytoplasmic process
Where are the sertoli cells located?
seminiferous tubules
Where does gametogenesis occur?
seminiferous tubules
What divides the testis into lobules?
septum from albiguinea
What is the epithelium of the tubuli recti made up of?
sertoli cells that become more cuboidal closer to rete testis
supporting cells are precursors to what? how do they stain?
sertoli cells; darkly
What divides the compts of testis?
sertoli-sertoli cell junction; very strong, like a blood-testis barrier so immune system can't work on testis
What junctions do sertoli cells make?
sertoli-sertoli; sertoli-spermatid
What is the exocrine function of the testes?
sperm and semen production
What is spermatocytogenesis?
spermatogonia-->spermatid
What do the tubules of the fetal testes contain?
supportive cells (sertoli cell precursor) and gonocytes
What are the components of the male repro system?
testes, duct system, accessory glands
Where is sperm produced? Where does it exit? What does it travel through to get there?
testis, duct system, penis
What is spermatogenesis?
the development from diploid spermatogonia to haploid spermatozoa
How can you tell sertoli cells apart from sperm precursors?
they stain lighter
What is the structure of the tunica albiguinea?
thick layer of CT contains structure components of testis
What is the structure of tunica vaginalis?
thin layer of CT covered by mesothelium
Why do cells remain attached during spermatogenesis?
to maintain synchronization
transferrin
transfers iron
Order of ducts out of the testis.
tubulus rectus-->rete testis in CT of mediastinum-->12 loops of ductulis efferentes-->edpidiymis, storage-->vas deferens
What do the sertoli cells produce?
androgen binding protein, antimuellerian hormone, transferrin, inhibin
How many sperm are formed with each dark a spermatogonia?
4000
What are the stages of SPERMIOGENESIS? What happens in them?
1. golgi--begin to form acrosome and tail 2. acrosomal--acrosome complete, can now enter zona pellucida 3.early maturation- elongation 4. middle maturation-mitochondria spiral around tail, and elongates. 9+2 conformation
What are the layers of scrotum? outermost-->innermost
1. skin 2. dartos muscle 3. colles fascia 4. parietal tunica vaginalis 5. tunica albiguinea
What is the tubular wall made up of?
CT, fibroblast layer, basement membrane
