MAN 3025 EXAM 2

Functional Design

- Based on the functional approach to departmentalization - Focusing on creating a product that will preform and fulfill all of its intended uses.

Matrix Design

- Based on two overlapping bases of departmentalization - Combines two different designs to gain the benefits of each

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

- Federal agency charged with enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - The equal right of all citizens to the opportunity to obtain employment regardless of their gender, age, race, country of origin, religion, or disabilities.

Organic Organization

- Flexible and informal - Found in unstable and unpredictable environments

Intrapreneurs

- Similar to entrepreneurs except that they develop new businesses in the context of a large organization - new venture creators working inside big companies

Mechanistic Organization

- Similar to the bureaucratic model, most frequently found in stable environments - Authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised

Pooled Interdependence

- When units operate with little interaction/ independently - Their output is combined at the organizational level

Technical Innovation

A change in the appearance or performance of products or services or of the physical processes through which a product or service passes

Managerial Innovations

A change in the management process in an organization

Product Innovations

A change in the physical characteristics or performance of an existing product or the creation of a new one

Process Inovations

A change in the way a product or service is manufactured, created, or distributed

Chain of Command

A clear line of authority among the positions in an organization

Enterprise Resource Planning

A large-scale information system for integrating and synchronizing the many activities in the extended enterprise

Bureaucracy

A model of organization based on a formal system of authority and appointed officials

Incremental innovations

A new product, service, or technology that MODIFIES an existing one

Radical Innovations

A new product, service, or technology that completely REPLACES an existing one

Job Enrichment

An alternative to job specialization that INCREASES both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the job

Work Teams

An alternative to job specialization that allows an entire group to design the work system it will use to perform an interrelated set of tasks

Job enlargement

An alternative to job specialization that increases the total number of tasks that workers perform

Job Rotation

An alternative to job specialization that involves systematically moving employees from one job to another

Job Characteristics Approach

An alternative to job specialization that says jobs should be diagnosed and improved along five core dimensions, taking into account both the work system and employee preferences

Organizational Development

An effort that is planned, and managed from the top, intended to increase organizational effectiveness through interventions, using behavioral science knowledge

Organization Change

Any modification to a part of the organization

Which type of power is power that has been legitimized by the organization?

Authority

Petra believes that when her employees have more control over how their work is performed, they do better. Which characteristic is Petra emphasizing?

Autonomy

Conglomerate Design

Based on an organization made up of a set of unrelated businesses

Divisional Design

Based on multiple businesses in related areas operating within a larger organizational framework

Planned Change

Change that is designed and implemented in an orderly and timely fashion in anticipation of future events

Technology

Conversion process used to transform inputs into outputs

At Delta Corp. the manufacturing and design department frequently consults with the research and development department and the marketing and sales department regularly interacts with the manufacturing and design department. This scenario illustrates _____ at Delta.

Coordination

What is the process by which a manager assigns a portion of his or her total workload to others?

Delegation

Learning Organization

Facilitating the lifelong learning and personal development of all its employees while responding to changing demands and needs

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Forbids discrimination on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, or national origin in all areas of the employment relationship

Creating different teams for finance, production, and marketing is consistent with _____ departmentalization.

Functional

Product departmentalization

Grouping activities around products

Customer Departmentalization

Grouping activities to interact with specific customers

Location Departmentalization

Grouping jobs based on defined geographic sites or areas

Functional departmentalization

Grouping jobs involving the same or similar activities

What represents the degree to which the various subunits must work together in a coordinated fashion?

Integration

Affirmative Action

Intentionally seeking and hiring qualified or qualifiable employees from racial, sexual, and ethnic groups that are underrepresented in the organization

Which of the following will develop a new business in the context of a large organization?

Intrapreneurs

Which of the following involves systematically moving employees from one job to another?

Job Rotation

Virtual Organization

One that has little or no formal structure

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

Outlaws discrimination against people older than age 40; passed in 1967, amended in 1978 and 1986

Authority

Power that has been legitimized by the organization

Organizational Life Cycle

Progression through which organizations evolve as they grow and mature

Americans with Disabilities Act

Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities

Human Capital

Reflects the organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective workforce

Team Organization

Relies on project-type teams, with little or no underlying hierarchy

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Requires that men and women be paid the same amount for doing the same job

Innovation

The managed effort of an organization to develop new products or services or new uses for existing products or services

Span of Management

The number of people who report to a particular manager

Situational View of Organization Design

The optimal design for any organization depends on a set of relevant situational factors

Delegation

The process by which a manager assigns a portion of their total workload to others

Departmentalization

The process of grouping/dividing jobs according to some logical arrangement

Decentralization

The process where power and authority is given to middle- and lower-level managers

Centralization

The process where power and authority is in the hands of higher-level managers

Business Process Change

The radical redesign of all aspects of a business to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time

Human resource management (HRM)

The set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce

Organizational Size

Total number of full-time employees

Reciprocal Interdependence

When activities flow both ways between units

Differentiation

When an organization is broken down into subunits

Adverse Impact

When minority group members pass a selection standard at a rate less than 80 percent of the pass rate of majority group members

Intergration

When subunits must work together in a coordinated fashion

Sequential Interdependence

When the output of one unit becomes the input for another in a sequential fashion

What is the process of teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs? a. Development b. Job evaluation c. Coaching d. Performance appraisal e. Validation

a. Development

Kamiya has been asked to forecast the supply of labor available for an upcoming project. What should Kamiya include in her forecast? a. Internal and external supply b. Replacement of managerial positions c. Realistic job preview d. Turnover and promotions e. Skills and abilities of current employees

a. Internal and external supply

Which of the following is an example of an employee service benefit? a. Recreational opportunities b. Overtime pay c. Disability income d. Medical insurance e. Social security

a. Recreational opportunities

Which of the following describes furloughing? a. Reducing pay and hours but keeping benefits b. Reducing the number of employees at the firm c. Paying more than the local prevailing wages d. Requiring employees to work from home e. Cutting salary but requiring employees to work the same number of hours

a. Reducing pay and hours but keeping benefits

The top executives at Delta Inc. have decided to reorganize the corporation from product divisions into geographic sectors. This is a(n) _____ force for change. a. internal b. technical c. political d. external e. environmental

a. internal

Managers can overcome resistance to change by _____.

announcing the change far in advance

In order for the union to become certified, how many votes must it get during the ballot process? a. Two-thirds of all those who voted b. A simple majority of all those who voted c. A simple majority of all eligible voters d. Two-thirds of all eligible voters e. Thirty percent of all employees

b. A simple majority of all those who voted

How does BARS overcome some of the limitations of standard rating scales? a. It eliminates the recency effect. b. Each point on the scale is accompanied by a behavioral anchor. c. It considers information only from the employee's most recent performance. d. The manager sets a point on each scale that best reflects her or his assessment of the employee on that scale. e. The employee's boss, peers, and subordinates all provide ratings.

b. Each point on the scale is accompanied by a behavioral anchor.

How can an organization test the effectiveness of its training programs? a. Comparing performance to those who have not had training b. Measuring criteria before and after training c. Evaluation measures at the end of training d. Surveying employees on how much they enjoyed the training e. Reductions in turnover

b. Measuring criteria before and after training

Which of the following is a formal assessment of how well employees are doing their jobs? a. Employment branding b. Performance appraisal c. Job analysis d. Validation e. Job specialization

b. Performance appraisal

Education and communication are particularly useful methods for overcoming which source of resistance to change? a. Decreased morale b. Uncertainty c. Threatened self-interest d. Feelings of loss e. Different perceptions

b. Uncertainty

Which stage of the Lewin model of organization change involves managers letting people who will be affected by an impending change know the reasons for the change? a. Recognizing b. Unfreezing c. Refreezing d. Implementing e. Transforming

b. Unfreezing

Tests of ability, skill, aptitude, or knowledge that is relevant to the particular job _____. a. are not as valuable as tests of general intelligence b. are usually the best predictors of job success c. are not as useful as personality tests d. should not be administered before an applicant is hired e. are occasionally useful

b. are usually the best predictors of job success

Richard Inc. has been receiving complaints from its customers about the inefficiency of its customer service professionals. The company has now decided to change the recruitment criteria for this role. The new criteria place more emphasis on technical expertise. Richard Inc. is attempting to make a change in the area of _____. a. work sequences b. organization structure and design c. operations d. enterprise resource planning e. information technology

b. organization structure and design

A performance appraisal system in which managers are evaluated by everyone around them—their boss, their peers, and their subordinates is known as _____. a. job specialization b. employment at will c. 360-degree feedback d. source monitoring e. job evaluation

c. 360-degree feedback

Employment requirements such as test scores and other qualifications are legally defined as creating _____ on minorities and women when such individuals meet or pass the requirement at a rate less than 80 percent of the rate of majority group members. a. confirmatory action b. a glass ceiling c. adverse impact d. a lack of employment at will e. affirmative action

c. adverse impact

Issues of wages, work hours, job security, and discipline are handled through the process of _____. a. petitions to the NLRB b. labor relations c. collective bargaining d. establishing grievance procedures e. signing authorization cards

c. collective bargaining

Top managers at Phoenix Inc. are all computer engineers and are highly regarded by other companies. They are frequently approached by executive search firms with information about openings at other companies. The managers are examples of _____. a. job-specific employees b. emergent workers c. knowledge workers d. temporary workers e. contingent employees

c. knowledge workers

A(n) _____ lists each important managerial position in an organization, who occupies it, how long he or she will probably remain in the position, and who is or will be a qualified fill-in. a. employee information system b. skills inventory c. replacement chart d. enterprise resource planning system e. Gantt chart

c. replacement chart

When the top management at Venus Corp. sought to change the organization design, form more work teams, and decrease the managers' span of management, it met with great resistance from the managers. This was because the managers feared that their power within the company would decrease. The managers' reaction to change was brought about by _____. a. facilitation b. low self-confidence c. threatened self-interests d. unfamiliarity with company procedures e. participation

c. threatened self-interests

Which can be a period of high economic performance for an organization? a. Process reengineering b. Application launch c. Innovation maturity d. Application growth e. Innovation application

d. Application growth

The behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) is _____. a. a job training technique b. a job analysis technique c. a method used for the validation of a selection device d. a judgmental method of performance appraisal e. an objective method of performance appraisal

d. a judgmental method of performance appraisal

A cafeteria benefits plan _____. a. allows employees to take a certain number of unpaid leaves b. pays extra wages to employees for work they do during their lunch hour c. reimburses employees for their food and transportation expenses d. allows employees to choose from a set of optional benefits e. provides performance-linked incentives to employees

d. allows employees to choose from a set of optional benefits

Based on the comprehensive approach to change, _____ is the last step in the change process. a. diagnosis of relevant variables b. establishment of goals for the change c. recognition of the need for change d. evaluation and follow-up e. actual implementation

d. evaluation and follow-up

Letitia is a salesperson. She routinely sells at a lower volume than her colleagues. However, she offers excellent customer service after the sale, and customers routinely give positive feedback when asked to fill out survey. Her supervisor routinely ranks her as either above average or superior on all items on her performance appraisal, including output. This is an example of _____ error influencing an appraisal. a. recency b. source monitoring c. validation d. halo e. average

d. halo

Gamma Corp. is planning to bring in new internal standards for all the products it manufactures. The new standards will ensure better quality and will also help the company gain a competitive advantage. However, the factors that stand in the way of the change are increased workload on employees and the need for skill development among employees. To minimize these factors that hinder the change, Gamma has decided to motivate its employees through a reward system. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario? a. Specialization b. Participation c. Authority distribution d. Micromanagement e. Force-field analysis

e. Force-field analysis

Ahmed, the head of human resources (HR), is reviewing a five-year strategic plan that projects 15% annual sales growth. Based on this projection, the human resources department estimates that the company will need an additional 75 employees during the plan period. Which HR planning tool did Ahmed use to identify this need? a. Employee information system b. Recruiting c. Realistic job preview d. Job analysis e. Forecasting

e. Forecasting

The _____ lists the skills, abilities, and other credentials needed to do a job. a. job description b. replacement chart c. article of incorporation d. statement of qualification e. job specification

e. job specification

A virtual organization typically has only a handful of permanent ____________

employees

Job _____ was developed as a limited approach specifically intended to increase the total number of tasks workers perform. As a result, all workers perform a wide variety of tasks, which presumably reduces the level of job dissatisfaction.

enlargement

Enlightened Minds is a software services firm that uses routine training programs, seminars by eminent developers, and discussion forums to keep employees updated on the recent developments in the software field. Enlightened Minds is an example of a _____ organization.

learning

Coordination

linking the activities of various departments in an organization

Reactive Change

making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise

Job specialization

the overall task of an organization is broken down and divided into smaller component parts