MAN4120 CHAPTER 5
63. What criticism has been launched at the situational approach regarding matching leadership styles with follower development levels? A. There is limited empirical evidence that validates the claim that leader styles must match followers' developmental levels. B. Research evidence demonstrates that leader styles should remain consistent across follower's various developmental levels. C. Research evidence demonstrates that leaders should only adapt and change their styles in crisis situations. D. Empirical evidence suggests that only younger leaders with less credibility must match leadership styles with follower developmental levels.
ANSWER: A
54. According to the situational approach, the highly committed follower who has not yet figured out how to do their job benefits from a leader who ______. A. provides a high level of support B. directs tasks carefully C. stays out of the day-to-day tasks D. is both a cheerleader and authoritarian
ANSWER: B
56. Which of the following is considered a strength of the situational approach? A. It offers a clear model of followers'developmental levels. B. The SLII® model is well known and useful in training effective leaders C. It has been validated by a strong body of research D. It takes the influence of gender into account during leader-follower situations
ANSWER: B
55. Compared to the trait approach, the situational approach ______. A. suggests leaders need to be fluid, not fixed B. is descriptive in nature, making them similar C. defines the key characteristics leaders need to navigate all situations D. views leader openness as more important than intelligence
ANSWER: A
44. According to the situational leadership approach, ______. A. leaders find their personal best style and apply it to all followers B. leaders adapt their behaviors to meet the organization's needs C. there is a one-to-one relationship between follower development and leader style D. there is a universal leader style that can be used in all situations
ANSWER: C
48. The highly competent, highly committed follower benefits from ______. A. a leader who provides a high level of support B. a leader who directs tasks carefully C. a leader who stays out of the day-to-day tasks and provides low levels of support D. a leader who is both a cheerleader and authoritarian
ANSWER: C
52. What question should a leader ask themselves when determining the commitment level of a follower? A. What task are the followers being asked to perform? B. How can I best alter the styles of the followers? C. Do the followers have the desire to complete the task? D. How complex is the task?
ANSWER: C
57. Which best describes the reason situational leadership is so practical for managers to use? A. It highlights how demographics can be applied to leadership behaviors. B. It provides a one-size-fits-all leadership style that anyone can acquire. C. It is straightforward and easily applied in a variety of settings. D. It provides a step-by-step process that leaders can follow in any setting.
ANSWER: C
6. The situational approach stresses that SLII® leaders use different degrees of ______ to meet the needs of followers. A. motivation and determination B. competence and commitment C. supportive and directive behaviors D. social judgment and cognitive ability
ANSWER: C
60. Questionnaires on situational leadership often ask for respondents to look at specific applications of leadership styles within situations, which may result in ______. A. results that are not in favor of situational leadership B. a wide range of responses that are hard to validate C. biased results in favor of situational leadership D. negative perceptions toward organizations
ANSWER: C
61. Because of the lack of research studies associated with situational leadership, there are questions concerning its theoretical basis. Which statement best reflects this concern? ® A. The SLII® model fails to depict a universal theory of leadership behaviors that leaders can use to become more effective leaders. B. The lack of research studies makes it more difficult to apply and use the SLII® model to train people to become effective leaders. C. Ambiguous conceptualization of competence and commitment make it difficult to truly assess and understand follower development levels. D. Fewer studies means that fewer followers can rate and assess leader behaviors, making it likely that some leader behaviors are missing
ANSWER: C
62. A criticism of the situational approach to leadership is that it ______. A. clearly describes how a follower's age impacts a leader's style decisions B. emphasizes cultural competence for leaders across all situations C. does not account for gender in leader-follower prescriptions D. does not consider followers' skill levels
ANSWER: C
78. You are leader of a group project for a class. The other group members seem insecure about whether they can complete the project, but it is apparent that they are competent enough to do a good job. In prior meetings you have been coaching them on the project. Based on SLII®, which leadership style might you use at the next meeting to allow group members to take a more active role in completing the project? A. S1 B. S2 C. S3 D. S4
ANSWER: C
82. You are a regional manager, and your CEO suggests you use a coaching style with your follower Juan, a junior employee. If you are using the situational leadership approach, you should ______. A. show Juan you believe in him by letting him make all decisions B. back away from Juan and give him more time to develop on his own C. encourage Juan and listen to his needs but still direct decisions on goals D. provide Juan with clear instructions on task sand ensure that he is following directives
ANSWER: C
85. As a recent graduate from the top chemistry program in the country, you quickly receive a position with a chemical company and are given a high-salary position. You are nervous and excited to get started. You feel that you may need more experience or assistance to meet organizational standards. According to the situational model, you best match with which developmental level? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: C
29. A leader who emphasizes communication with followers in both achieving goals and meeting social needs would best be described as possessing which leadership style? A. directing B. delegating C. supporting D. coaching
ANSWER:D
4. The situational leadership model is divided into two parts: ______. A. leadership attributes and follower skills B. leadership skills and follower development level C. leadership development levels and follower behaviors D. leadership style and follower development level
ANSWER:D
53. According to the situational approach, a follower with low-level motivation and mid-to-high level ability to complete the job would benefit most from a leader who ______. A. provides a high level of support B. directs tasks carefully C. stays out of the day-to-day tasks D. is both a cheerleader and authoritarian
ANSWER: A
10. According to the SLII® model, followers who exhibit low competence but high commitment are at which developmental level? A.D1 B.D2 C.D3 D.D4
ANSWER: A
12. Arvidsson et al.'s research on situational leadership found the least used leadership style was ______. A. high directive-low supportive B. high directive-high supportive C. high supportive-low directive D. low supportive-low directive
ANSWER: A
14. The basic premise of the situational approach is that different styles of leadership are required in different situations. A.True B.False
ANSWER: A
15. Directive behaviors are used to clarify what needs to be done, how it should be done, and who is responsible for doing it. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
16. The SLII® model emphasizes flexibility in leadership style. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
17. The SLII® is used by many corporations to train leaders because it is practical and easy to use. A.True B.False
ANSWER: A
22. Adjusting leadership styles is based on the assumption that ______. A. followers' skills and motivation Vary over time B. leaders have to develop basic skills prior to assessing follower needs C. followers' skill levels stay the same, whereas motivation levels vary D. leaders adjust their styles to the behavioral styles of followers
ANSWER: A
23. SLII® Using the situational approach as a framework, what makes an effective leader? A. someone who recognizes what followers need and adapts their behaviors to meet those needs B. someone who can provide a consistent leadership style regardless of changing situations C. someone who is highly skilled at directing followers with low confidence and competence levels D. someone who is highly supportive but able to provide tough love in difficult situations
ANSWER: A
25. A leader who gives followers instructions about how and when goals should be achieved and supervises them carefully is using ______behaviors. A. directing B. supporting C. delegating D. coaching
ANSWER: A
34. According to the SLII® model, which developmental level represents followers who have little skill for the task but are very motivated in getting the task done? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: A
43. When a leader tries to apply the right style of behavior to the situation, they must do what? A. identify follower developmental level, then adapt their style appropriately B. assess their style of leadership, then evaluate the situation C. diagnose the situation, then delegate tasks to followers D. adjust their leadership style, then provide direction to followers
ANSWER: A
45. Bernadette prefers to use a low level of supportive leader behaviors and high directive behaviors with her followers. Which type of followers will benefit most from Bernadette's leadership approach? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: A
51. You communicate with your followers when necessary and provide direction if followers ask for it, but day-to-day control of the decisions and work are left to your followers. According to the situational approach, you are using which leader behavioral style? A. delegating B. directing C. supporting D. coaching
ANSWER: A
64. What criticism has been launched at the situational approach regarding demographics? A. It fails to take into account how age, experience, and educational level may shape followers' needs for directive and supportive leadership. B. It only takes into account how gender of leaders influences followers' willingness and ability to complete goals. C. It only address the demographics of followers and how age, gender, experience, and education levels shape followers'development levels. D. It fails to address experience and education levels of leaders, while focusing primarily on follower demographics.
ANSWER: A
70. For leaders to be effective, the situational approach posits that leaders must match their leadership style directly with their followers' development levels. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
72. According to the SLII® model, if followers are at the second level of development, a leader needs to adopt a high directive and high supportive leadership style.SLII® A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
73. The situational leadership approach reminds us that each follower is different and that leaders need to adapt their style to their followers rather than adopt a one-size-fits-all leadership style.SLII® A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
75.The situational approach can be applied in almost any organization, at any level, and with nearly any project. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
77. You are the owner of a small catering company and have recently hired a skilled baker to add to your staff. When business is slow, however, you need the baker to help prepare other kinds of foods. Some of the processes (like deboning fish and preparing soup stock) are complicated and require detailed training. What style should you use under these circumstances? A. high directive-low supportive B. high directive-high supportive C. high supportive-low directive D. low supportive-low directive
ANSWER: A
8. Commitment in the situational leadership approach can be defined as ______. A. having motivation and confidence in doing the work B. being dedicated and a hard worker C. possessing the skills necessary to complete the task D. mastering the skills necessary to complete the task
ANSWER: A
80. Joaquin is struggling to grasp the process of anew job you have given him. He says that he understands the outcome of the project but not how to start the project. He looks miserable and uninterested in trying to start the project. Based on the SLII® model, what actions can you take to help Joaquin? A. Discuss the initial steps and ask him for input on alternative ways he could get started. B. Specify what he must do to complete the tasks and let him get started on his own. C. Define the steps necessary to complete the assigned tasks and give him a hard deadline to finish the project. D. Let him know he just needs to get started now and not to worry about the final outcomes.
ANSWER: A
81. You are the leader of a group project for a class. You previously had success using a coaching style to help the group members. As the deadline for the project nears, the group members still seem somewhat insecure about whether they can actually complete the project, but you know they have learned a lot about how to do the project and are now quite competent to do a good job. You decide to switch to a supporting style to listen to their concerns and encourage them to make decisions on their own. Based on the SLII®model, why did you make this switch? A. because the followers clearly have the competence to complete the task and just need a little encouragement B. because supportive behaviors are always the best way to help followers complete tasks C. because the followers' competence and commitment are about equal and they need a little boost D. because the followers are now showing a moderate level of commitment to the project
ANSWER: A
83.Samuel was promoted to a new position at the local bank. He is excited about this new opportunity, but he has little to no experience with numerous aspects of the new position. According to the situational model, Samuel's level of development best matches which developmental level? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: A
86. Felix is the executive director of the local animal humane society. The staff he supervises have been working at the society for more than two years. Felix has given them excellent performance appraisals during the last two annual reviews. His staff is always excited to bring new ideas to him regarding ways to improve customer service and animal care. Based on the situational leadership approach, which leadership style should Felix exhibit? A. delegating B. supporting C. coaching D. directing
ANSWER: A
1. Who is credited with developing the situational approach that focuses on matching leader styles to the competence and commitment of employees in 1969? A. Stogdill B. Hersey and Blanchard C. Zigarmi D. Graeff
ANSWER: B
13. The situational leadership model SLII® is primarily ______. A. descriptive in nature B. prescriptive in nature C. well supported by research D. trait related
ANSWER: B
18. A primary strength of the situational approach is its clear conceptualization of subordinates' developmental levels. A.True B.False
ANSWER: B
26. A leader who gives recognition and social support to followers is using ______ behaviors. A. directing B. supporting C. delegating D. coaching
ANSWER: B
3. What two leadership dimensions are highlighted in the situational approach? A. task and relationship behaviors B. directive and supportive behaviors C. concern for production and concern for people D. technical and human skills
ANSWER: B
32. Once a group has established a plan of action toward achieving its goals, the supervisor allows the group to carry out the plan with little to no involvement. According to the SLII® model, this is an example of a ______approach. A. directing B. delegating C. supporting D. coaching
ANSWER: B
35. According to the SLII® model which developmental level represents followers who have some ability to complete a task but lack motivation to actually complete the task? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: B
46. Lawrence tends to tell his staff what to do and how to do it while still encouraging them and asking for their input. Which type of followers will benefit most from Lawrence's leadership approach? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: B
59.Research by Zigarmi and Roberts (2017) found that followers feel positive about their job when ______. A. leaders treat all of their employees in the same way regardless of the situation B. followers perceive a match between their own needs and their leader's behavior C. followers work in groups in which everyone has complementary personality traits D. leaders use supportive behaviors with females and directive behaviors with males
ANSWER: B
65. Which statement best reflects the usability of the situational approach? A. It is best used with top management levels, such as CEOs working with a board of directors. B. It can be used in any organization, with leaders at all levels of management, and in any situation. C. It is best used with middle managers who can use SLII® to direct staff meetings with large groups of followers. D. It is best used with lower management, such as a crew chief in an assembly plant working with production workers.
ANSWER: B
67. The situational approach stresses that leaders should change their degree of support based on followers' needs, but be unwavering in their directives. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
68. According to the situational leadership model,D3 followers are those individuals who are highly skilled and exhibit high levels of commitment. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
69. According to the situational leadership model,D4 followers are those individuals who have low confidence and are not certain they can do the job by themselves. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
71. According to the SLII® model, if followers are at the first level of development, a leader needs to adopt a low directive and high supportive leadership style. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
74. The SLII® has been praised for its ability to account for how demographic characteristics, such as education, age, and gender, influence leader-follower dynamics. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
79. You are the leader of a small jazz band composed of four of your peers who have never been in a jazz group before. As the leader of the band, you have been very straight forward about how the band will function. You have clearly described each of the members' roles, and they are starting to catch on to how the group works. What style should you exhibit next to help your peers take a more independent role in the jazz band? A. S1 B. S2 C. S3 D. S4
ANSWER: B
84.Tonya has been employed at her organization for some time and is starting to gain the necessary skills associated with her position. She does have trouble staying as motivated as she used to feel, however. According to the situational model, Tonya best matches which developmental level? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: B
88. Imagine you are the owner and operator of a local grocery store. A staff member you supervise has been working at the store forabout one year. At the annual performance evaluation review, you share that you are pleased to see the employee has mastered both the basic and more difficult tasks of the job. You notice, however, that this employee still lacks the confidence and motivation to take on new tasks. Based on the situational leadership approach, which leadership style should you exhibit with this particular staff member? A. delegating B. supporting C. coaching D. directing
ANSWER: B
9 According to the SLII® model, followers who exhibit some competence but have low commitment are at which developmental level? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: B
11. Arvidsson et al.'s research on situational leadership found the most frequently used leadership style was ______. A. high directive-low supportive B. high directive-high supportive C. high supportive-low directive D. low supportive-low directive
ANSWER: C
20. Which of the following statements best describes situational leadership? A. Specific leader traits are needed in specific situations. B. Leaders must adapt to the situation but not to the followers. C. Different situations demand different kinds of leadership. D. Leadership should be directive rather than supportive.
ANSWER: C
21. The situational approach ______. A. is irrelevant in modern-day leadership B. focuses on describing not prescribing leadership C. is used widely in leadership training and development D. posits that high-directive and high-supportive behaviors work best in all situations
ANSWER: C
27. A leader who lets followers take responsibility for task accomplishments and has less involvement with followers is using ______behaviors. A. directing B. supporting C. delegating D. coaching
ANSWER: C
30. You have been made a department head of a new regional office. In getting to know your staff, you notice that one of your new and inexperienced employees is not following through on assigned tasks. She is enthused about her new job and wants to get ahead in the organization but has not mastered the skills necessary to succeed. Based on the SLII® model, what actions can you take to help this employee? A. discuss the lack of follow-through with her and give her a hard B. deadline to solve this problem B. specify what she must do to complete the tasks but incorporate any suggestions she may have C. define the steps necessary to complete the assigned tasks and monitor her performance frequently D. avoid confronting her about the lack of follow-through and give her more time to improve her performance
ANSWER: C
31. Allowing a group of employees to run the daily operations of an organization while the supervisor remains out of the picture unless they are needed to solve problems, listen to concerns, or provide feedback represents which approach? A. directing B. delegating C. supporting D. coaching
ANSWER: C
36. According to the SLII® model, which developmental level represents followers who are quite competent to complete tasks but may waiver on how committed they are to completing the task? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: C
41. Followers can move back and forth along the developmental continuum; therefore, leaders should ______. A. use the one leader behavior with which they are most comfortable B. put structures in place to limit followers 'movement C. be flexible in their leadership behavior D. try to direct followers to stay where they are
ANSWER: C
5. In the SLII® model, leaders evaluate how competent and ______ followers are toward performing a task. A. intentional B. supportive C. committed D. intelligent
ANSWER:C
87. Tomás is the executive director of a local food pantry. A staff member he has been supervising for six-months seems to have mastered the basic tasks of the job but not the more difficult tasks. Tomás has also noticed that the staff member seems a bit disillusioned about the job and expresses sadness about the number of families in need. Based on the situational leadership approach, which leadership style should Tomás exhibit? A. delegating B. supporting C. coaching D. directing
ANSWER: C
90. Regina is the director of the local YMCA. She works with several employees who are at varying levels of experience in working with health and wellness issues and who demonstrate varying degrees of motivation to continue this important work. Using situational leadership concepts, Regina should ______. A. adapt her leadership style to match the least experienced staff members B. adapt her leadership style based on the lowest motivation level of the staff C. demonstrate a high degree of flexibility in her style to match each staff member D. demonstrate low flexibility in order to achieve a consistent leadership style
ANSWER: C
2. The situational approach is illustrated through which model? A. LBDQ B. LMX-7 C. LBDQ-XII D. SLII® ®
ANSWER: D
24. Supportive leader behaviors can help group members feel more comfortable by ______. A. setting timelines B. defining roles C. describing methods of evaluation D. asking for input
ANSWER: D
28. Which leadership style includes a high level of support while the leader makes the final decision about goal accomplishment? A. directing B. supporting C. delegating D. coaching
ANSWER: D
33. The SLII® model is equally interested in the development level of followers. The development level SLII® refers to ______. A. the degree to which leaders are capable of adjusting to their followers B. the skill with which followers are able to adjust their styles to leaders C. the traits that constitute who a follower is and how they adjust to leaders D. the degree to which followers have the capability and motivation to accomplish tasks
ANSWER: D
37. According to the SLII® model, which developmental level represents followers who are highly committed and motivated to accomplish tasks and need little supervision from leaders? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: D
38. If you were working with a follower who exhibited D4 tendencies, what type of leader would you need to be? A. supportive B. directive C. a coach D. a delegator
ANSWER: D
39. A highly committed follower who consistently does their job well needs which style of leadership? A. supportive B. directive C. coaching D. delegating
ANSWER: D
40. Imagine that you were recently hired by the organization of your dreams. Your education and experience complement your new position perfectly. According to the situational model, your level of development as a new employees best matches which level? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: D
42. A leader applying the situational approach would most likely focus on ______. A. developing their leader skills B. adapting their behavior to the tasks assigned to followers C. using supportive behaviors for all followers D. assessing and adapting their style to followers' needs
ANSWER: D
47. Olaf prefers to take a hands-off approach and allow his followers to make decisions for themselves. Which type of followers will benefit most from Olaf's leadership approach? A. D1 B. D2 C. D3 D. D4
ANSWER: D
49.If followers are low in competence and high in commitment, a leader should adopt which style? A. low-directive and high-supportive style B. high-directive and high-supportive style C. low-directive and low-supportive style D. high-directive and low-supportive style
ANSWER: D
50. You communicate well with your followers by encouraging their work and helping them plan out their daily tasks. According to the situational approach, which leader behavioral style are you using? A. delegating B. directing C. supporting D. coaching
ANSWER: D
58.Leader flexibility is considered a strength within the situational leadership approach because ______. A. leaders should be able to change their styles in order to advance up the chain of command B. followers tend to work harder for leaders who change their leadership style on a regular basis C. followers of different age groups and education levels require different styles of leadership D. followers act differently when working toward different goals, so leaders should be adaptable
ANSWER: D
66. The SLII® is fluid in nature and ideal for______. A. tracking the different types of leader behaviors across time and situations B. assessing how follower demographics shape responses to various leadership styles C. applying to leaders as they grow and mature in their positions. D. applying to followers as they move forward and backward on various projects
ANSWER: D
7. Competence in the situational leadership approach can be defined as ______. A. having a positive attitude toward the work B. being dedicated and a hard-worker C. having the desire to complete the task D. possessing the skills necessary to complete the task
ANSWER: D
76. You are president of a large corporation. At a typical monthly meeting, each of your vice presidents gives a standard area report. In the past, these reports have been good, and the VPs seem satisfied with their work. Based on SLII® , which leadership style should you exhibit at the next meeting? A. high directive-low supportive B. high directive-high supportive C. high supportive-low directive D. low supportive-low directive
ANSWER: D
89. Imagine you are the manager of a small marketing company. You hired a staff member four weeks ago. You notice this new employee cheerfully interacting with other staff and attempting to learn new tasks daily. However, it is clear this employee needs more time and help learning the correct policies and methods to complete the work. When you share this information, the employee readily accepts these directions. Based on the situational leadership approach, which leadership style are you exhibiting with this particular staff member? A. delegating B. supporting C. coaching D. directing
ANSWER: D
19. Concerns have been raised about the validity of the situational approach, since it lacks a strong body of research. A.True B.False
ANSWER:A