MANA 3311 Final
You have heard your professor say that women tend to be better speakers than men. This is an example of: a) stereotyping b) halo effect c) first impression d) projection
a) stereotyping
Jim, who has an internal locus of control, failed his last history test. Jim is apt to respond to the failing grade by a) telling himself he didn't study hard enough for the test. b) claiming the test was poorly constructed. c) blaming the instructor for inadequately preparing him for the test. d) complaining to the dean of the college.
a) telling himself he didn't study hard enough for the test.
Formal information channels are characterized by ________. a) the compliance with the organizational authority and chain of command b) the personal and social nature of usage c) the emergence in response to individual choices d) the absence of noise in the communication cycle e) the transmission of spontaneous messages
a) the compliance with the organizational authority and chain of command
Deborah has been working in the e-learning industry for over eight years and is aware that once an employee has learned his job, the work becomes fairly automatic and competence can be achieved rapidly. She notices that they are competent but a lack motivationor confidence. They are, though able but unwilling to work hard. She would benefit the most if she uses the ________ style of leadership. a) Delegating b) Supporting/Participative c) Coaching/Selling d) Directing/Telling
b) Supporting/Participative
Which of the following could be barriers to the communication process? a) Jargon that the receiver does not understand. b) All of these represent examples of barriers. c) Filtering information up the organizational hierarchy. d) Perceptual differences between sender and receiver. e) Receiving more information than the person can process.
b) All of these represent examples of barriers.
Which behavior would help managers become a positive Pygmalion? a) Give little feedback and input. b) Encourage input and provide feedback. c) Help only the best employees advance through the organization. d) Recognize only select individuals who have the potential to increase their performance.
b) Encourage input and provide feedback.
Which factor does not belong as part of the rational decision-making model? a) Identify the decision criteria. b) Escalation of commitment. c) Allocate weights to the criteria. d) Define the problem.
b) Escalation of commitment.
____________ is the set of attitudes one holds towards one's job. a) Work-related attitudes b) Job satisfaction c) Organizational commitment d) Attitude object
b) Job satisfaction
The major difference between the managerial grid and Ohio State leadership model is: a) Ohio State theory is about the situation. b) Managerial Grid has to do with attitudes. c) One is trait, the others situational. d) Managerial Grid is more theoretical. e) Managerial grid is unrealistic.
b) Managerial Grid has to do with attitudes.
The most recent entrants to the U.S. workforce are _____________. a) Baby Boomers/Boomers. b) Millennial/Generation Y. c) Generation X/Xers. d) Veterans/Traditionalists.
b) Millennial/Generation Y.
What _____ did for classical conditioning, _____ did for operant conditioning. a) Herzberg; Deming b) Pavlov; Skinner c) McGregor; McClelland d) Fayol; Taylor
b) Pavlov; Skinner
The idea that if a manager expects a subordinate to act in a certain way, the worker may, in fact, very well act that way, thereby confirming the manager's expectations, is called (the): a) hierarchy of needs. b) Pygmalion Effect. c) self-efficacy. d) self-esteem. e) self-serving bias.
b) Pygmalion Effect.
Jim has worked for the company for three months. Jim is a drafter and is motivated in that he has talent/skills and wants to do well. Right now, learning the company's standard drafting practices is critical. What style would you use on Jim? a) R1, telling, directing, high task, low relations. b) R2, selling, coaching, high task, high relations. c) R3, participating, supporting, low task, high relations. d) R4, delegating, low task, low relations.
b) R2, selling, coaching, high task, high relations.
Which of the following behaviors would be used by a Theory X manager? a) Delegate authority extensively to junior managers. b) Strictly control all the details of any project she is managing. c) Trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters. d) Let her employees choose their own goals. e) Empower her subordinates.
b) Strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.
Which is true regarding oral communication? a) As compared to written communication, it is more likely to be well thought out, logical, and clear. b) The sender can quickly obtain feedback from the receiver. c) It can be stored for an indefinite period. d) It is tangible and verifiable. e) The possibility of distortion of the message decreases.
b) The sender can quickly obtain feedback from the receiver.
Which of the following is true of the baby boomer generation? a) They are more technically competent. b) They give high importance to achievement and material success. c) They rate highest in friendship and pleasure. d) They lead lives shaped mainly by globalization. e) They give the highest importance to flexibility.
b) They give high importance to achievement and material success.
________ leaders inspire followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization and can have an extraordinary effect on their followers. a) Laissez-faire b) Transformational c) Transactional d) Task oriented e) Production-oriented
b) Transformational
Which of the following statements is true regarding size of teams? a) The most effective teams have twelve to fifteen members. b) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines. c) When teams have excess members, mutual accountability increases. d) As team size increases, social loafing decreases.
b) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines.
Written communication is characterized by ________. a) the availability of nonverbal cues b) a high degree of tangibility and verifiability c) the speed of transmission and feedback d) minimal time required for transmission and feedback e) a high degree of potential distortion
b) a high degree of tangibility and verifiability
Politics can help explain why employees: a) attempt to build empires. b) all of the above c) withhold information. d) engage in activities which seem to be at odds with the organization's desire for efficiency and effectiveness.
b) all of the above
An individual's working conditions, co-workers, work environment, and boss affects ________. a) job involvement b) all of the above. c) organizational citizenship d) organizational commitment e) job satisfaction
b) all of the above.
People with a high need for affiliation: a) try to project a favorable image of themselves. tend to be more effective than those with low need for affiliation at coordinating roles, such as helping diverse groups of people work together. b) are all of the above. c) want to form positive relationships with others. d) try to smooth out conflicts that occur in meetings and other social settings.
b) are all of the above.
According to evidence, what is the first step a charismatic leader takes to influence followers? a) developing a formal mission statement b) articulating an appealing vision c) communicating high performance expectations d) engaging in emotion-inducing and often unconventional behavior e) setting an example for followers through actions and words
b) articulating an appealing vision
Workers who perceive inequity may: a) experience dissatisfaction. b) do all of the above. c) take action to change their circumstances. d) a and c e) change their thinking, justifying the inequity.
b) do all of the above.
Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing? a) increasing the amount by which the group's progress is monitored b) ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified c) increasing the group's workload d) increasing the rewards the group is given if it succeeds e) increasing the size of the group
b) ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified
Maria, a teller, was dissatisfied with the way her manager treated her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response. a) neglect b) exit c) acceptance d) voice e) loyalty
b) exit
Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy? a) creating a team such that it has diverse members b) helping the team achieve small successes c) providing vast and generic goals d) reducing the number of members on a team drastically e) ensuring that team goals are substantially difficult
b) helping the team achieve small successes
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are good time managers, prefer organization, and like closure to situations. a) introverted b) judging c) thinking d) feeling e) perceiving
b) judging
According to the Big Five Model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with the unknown. a) extroversion b) openness to experience c) conscientiousness d) emotional stability e) agreeableness
b) openness to experience
MBO strongly advocates ________. a) very difficult goals b) participating in setting goals c) independent tasks d) general time period e) general goals
b) participating in setting goals
An employee who likes to control the behavior of others, win a point, volunteers for leadership positions, willing to be assertive when decisions need to be made expresses McClelland's __________ motivational need. a) affiliation b) power c) achievement d) association
b) power
Most studies confirm that the concept of _____ is central to understanding sexual harassment. a) love b) power c) sex d) reasonableness e) abuse
b) power
A team consists of employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving the work environment but they do not have the authority to unilaterally implement any of their suggestions. This is most likely to be a(n) ________ team. a) virtual b) problem-solving c) cross-functional d) ESOP e) independent
b) problem-solving
Jane is difficult to work with. Whenever she is successful she takes full credit for what has happened, but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck or to one of her fellow employees. She is guilty of a) consensus. b) self-serving bias. c) fundamental attribution error. d) distinctiveness.
b) self-serving bias.
Valerie, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutiny and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is her personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI. classification? a) perceiving b) thinking c) feeling d) introverted e) intuitive
b) thinking
An individual who is laid back and doesn't have a time urgency is known as a: a) type A. b) type B. c) extrovert. d) introvert. e) type AB.
b) type B.
The Abilene Paradox explains: a) inherent morality b) why groups make good decisions. c) groups behave differently than what the group members really want. d) high expectations lead to high performance. e) why individuals perform better when cohesiveness exists.
c) groups behave differently than what the group members really want.
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees? a) They feel a deep connection for their organization. b) They have the lowest levels of turnover. c) They proactively take on responsibilities. d) They put in time but give no attention to their work. e) They have a sense of passion for their work.
d) They put in time but give no attention to their work.
What do good listeners do during the information gap between what someone says and how fast we process? a) Multitask. b) Daydream. c) Think about other things. d) Try to paraphrase what the message is. e) Decide what they will say next.
d) Try to paraphrase what the message is.
Which of the following statements is true regarding a work team? a) Work teams are generally less flexible than traditional departments. b) Work teams are less responsive to changes in the internal and external environment . c) Work teams are rarely used in today. d) Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort. e) Work teams involve members of random and varied skills.
d) Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort.
You worked very hard on a key report. As a finishing touch you add some clip art to the document. Your boss loves it and asks why you haven't done it before. So in all future reports you add clip art images. This is an example of what form of learning? a) classical conditioning b) modeling c) observational learning d) behavior modification
d) behavior modification
With reference to Hofstede's theory, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework where people expect others in groups to look after them and protect them. a) power distance b) uncertainty avoidance c) long-term orientation d) collectivism e) masculinity
d) collectivism
The tape Talking 9 to 5 (He Says/She Says) indicates that men use talk to _____ , while women use it to _____. a) create networks; emphasize individualism b) get promotions; solve problems c) establish blame; gossip d) emphasize status, power; create positive social connections/relationships
d) emphasize status, power; create positive social connections/relationships
Jim works as a communication executive at a travel house and is known to be friendly with colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. He knows that her rapport with his co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. Which of the personality type is Jim according to Myers-Briggs? a) brooder b) introverted c) perceiving d) extraverted e) solitary
d) extraverted
A factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________. a) resource allocator b) disturbance handler c) negotiator d) figurehead e) leader
d) figurehead
When employees at Microsoft use a particular language called Microspeak to communicate their ideas. It is referred to as a) tech language b) emoticons c) encoding barrier d) jargon e) perceptual barriers
d) jargon
Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory led to more serious study of: a) the effect of constructive thought patterns on employee behavior. b) Performance-based rewards as a strategy to reduce employee turnover. c) job specialization as a strategy to improve job performance. d) job enrichment and the motivational potential job content. e) lighting, noise, and other working conditions that help employees to work harder.
d) job enrichment and the motivational potential job content.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is arranged in which of the following orders? a) physiological, esteem, security, social, and self- actualization b) security, physiological, esteem, social, and self- actualization c) physiological, social, security, esteem, and self- actualization d) physiological, security, social, esteem, and self- actualization
d) physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization
Which of the following were considered lower-order needs by Maslow? a) social, esteem, self-actualization. b) esteem, self actualization. c) physiological, security, social. d) physiological, security.
d) physiological, security.
Capitalism, which values aggressiveness and acquisition of material goods, is consistent with Hofstede's _________ characteristics. a) collectivism b) quality of life c) hierarchical d) quantity of life
d) quantity of life
Which of the following communication channels provides the lowest information richness? a) online group discussions b) telephone conversations c) voice mail d) reports and bulletins e) face-to-face conversations
d) reports and bulletins
According to Hersey and Blanchard, readiness is a) the leader's motivation. b) the age of the followers. c) the follower's power. d) the maturity level of the employee.
d) the maturity level of the employee.
Which is true regarding the norming stage of group development? a) Accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it imposes on individuality. b) The second stage in the group development model. c) A great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership. d) The group completes the task at hand. e) The group develops a common set of expectations.
e) The group develops a common set of expectations.
Which of the following does not refer to Whale Done? a) Use praise and redirect. b) Co-authored by Ken Blanchard. c) Accentuate the positive d) Catch someone doing something right. e) Use punishment sparingly.
e) Use punishment sparingly.
When ________ is of importance in decision making, group decisions are preferred to individual decisions. a) efficiency b) clear responsibility c) speed d) legitimacy e) acceptance of solution
e) acceptance of solution
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator includes all of the following except a) extroverted/introverted. b) sensing/intuitive. c) perceiving/judging. d) thinking/feeling. e) agreeable/emotional.
e) agreeable/emotional.
Achievers prefer jobs that offer a) personal responsibility. b) none of the above. c) moderate risks. d) feedback. e) all of the above.
e) all of the above.
Telecommuting is an option that suits professionals like ________. a) receptionists b) nurses c) sales representatives d) trainers e) analysts
e) analysts
According to research on gender communication, women are more likely than men to: a) use direct requests. b) be more blunt. c) pay fewer compliments. d) use more "I" statements. e) apologize more.
e) apologize more.
Which of these actions should a speaker take as a sign that her message is being received well by her listeners? a) Eye contact b) Scratching heads c) Crossing arms d) Frowning e) Yawning
a) Eye contact
Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support one another at work. a) cohesion b) affect c) maturity d) think e) associability
a) cohesion
The organizing function of management has to do with? a) Unity of command. b) All of the above. c) Chain of command. d) Dividing work into manageable groups. e) Delegation of authority,
b) All of the above.
Which of the following does not refer to Gen Y-- the Millennial generation? a) Team oriented. b) Conservative. c) Confident. d) Technical Savvy. e) Connect 24/7.
b) Conservative.
The desire to have friends and join groups at work is what motive? a) power motivation. b) affiliation motivation. c) achievement motivation. d) self-monitoring.
b) affiliation motivation.
As detailed by Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which best corresponds to McClelland's need for affiliation? a) esteem b) social c) safety d) self-actualization e) physiological
b) social
According to the Managerial Grid, employees perform best under a a) 9,1 style. b) 5,5 style. c) 9,9 style. d) 1,9 style
c) 9,9 style.
Adrian , a senior manager at MNC, spends a lot of his time assigning group members to particular tasks and scheduling their work such that deadlines are achievable. Adrian also sets high expectations for standards of performance. According to Ohio State Studies, Adrian, leadership style is ________. a) employee oriented b) relationship oriented c) high in initiating structure d) high in consideration e) high in task orientation
c) high in initiating structure
Research indicates that the group size that exercises the best elements of both small and large groups is _____. a) 4 b) 9 c) 12 d) 7 e) 20
d) 7
What is the primary managerial implication of Maslow's theory? a) Greater job responsibility satisfies the love need. b) Greater job autonomy satisfies the esteem need. c) Safety needs can be satisfied using status symbols. d) A satisfied need may no longer be a motivator.
d) A satisfied need may no longer be a motivator.
In the following steps in decision making, which would come before the others? a) Generate alternatives. b) Weight decision criteria. c) Make the decision. d) Define the problem.
d) Define the problem.
The process and program by which managers make everyone more aware of and sensitive to the needs and differences of others refers to: a) General mental ability b) Physical abilities c) Biographical characteristics d) Diversity management
d) Diversity management
Our likelihood of noticing a person or object depends on its: a) motion. b) intensity. c) novelty. d) all of the above.
d) all of the above.
Which of the following is the final step in the communication process? a) silence b) decoding c) encoding d) feedback loop e) all-channel transmission
d) feedback loop
In a communication process, the ________ initiates a message by encoding a thought. a) transmitter b) decoder c) receiver d) sender e) receptor
d) sender
MBO emphasizes goals that are ________. You Answered a) achievable, controllable, and profitable b) inspirational, verifiable, and creative c) specific, rewarding, and assigned d) specific, verifiable, and measurable e) profitable, attainable, and self-set
d) specific, verifiable, and measurable
________ power is a result of proficiency, special skill, or knowledge. a) Reward b) Referent c) Coercive d) Legitimate e) Expert
e) Expert
Several employees must work together to develop a new product. None of these people have worked together before and the development of this product has not been attempted previously. According to media richness, which of these communications would be best? a) Written documents b) E-mail c) None of these channels should be used in this situation. d) Bulletin boards e) Face-to-face meetings
e) Face-to-face meetings
Which of these popular sayings best reflects the primacy effect? a) If at first you don't succeed, try, try, again. b) You can't tell a book by its cover. c) It takes one to know one. d) Birds of a feather flock together. e) First impressions are lasting impressions.
e) First impressions are lasting impressions.
Who proposed a two-factor motivation-hygiene theory? a) Maslow b) McClelland c) Skinner d) McGregor e) Herzberg
e) Herzberg
The belief that effective teams have in their ability to succeed is called ________. a) reflexivity b) goal specificity c) mental model d) common purpose e) team efficacy
e) team efficacy
Adam is an assembly line employee with Swenson Motors. Though Adam is popular among his supervisors and colleagues, Adam experiences low morale and lack of motivation. He feels frustrated that his job is restricted to fixing nuts and bolts on the car parts. He fears that he has no chances of advancing in his career as he cannot completely assemble a car. Which of the following is true with regard to Adam? a) Adam's job has low task identity. b) Adam's job has a high span of control. c) Adam's job has low role definition. d) Adam's job has high task complexity. e) Adam's job has high task significance.
a) Adam's job has low task identity.
Research in the 1920's revealed that workers want attention and recognition at work. What was the research? a) Elton Mayo's Hawthorne studies b) Operations research c) Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management d) Theory Y e) Fayol's Administrative Management
a) Elton Mayo's Hawthorne studies
Gina, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout may be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which of the following dimensions of intelligence will most help her? a) spatial visualization b) selective perception c) memory d) inductive reasoning e) deductive reasoning
a) spatial visualization
You have just been hired by Computers-R-Us to institute a management by objectives program. The sales people have asked you to explain the program to them and to help them understand how it will affect them. You want to make sure that they understand the ingredients common to MBO programs. Which of the following is not one of those ingredients? a) Goals should be extremely difficult. b) Time periods will be given. c) Goals should be specific. d) Decision making will be participative. e) Feedback will be given on each employee's performance.
a) Goals should be extremely difficult.
Which of these are dimensions are team management, according to the Managerial/Leadership Grid? a) High concern for people and high concern for production b) Low concern for people and low concern for production c) Low concern for people and high concern for production d) Moderate concern for people and production. e) High concern for people and low concern for production
a) High concern for people and high concern for production
You know that the vice president has the authority to accept or reject your report. This is part of his/her __________power. a) Legitimate b) Reward c) Expert d) Coercive
a) Legitimate
Which of these refers to the employee's emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in a particular organization? a) Organizational commitment b) Emotional dissonance c) Job satisfaction d) Moral intensity e) Positive affectivity
a) Organizational commitment
________ power represents the compliance that is achieved based on the ability to distribute positive benefits that others view as valuable. Correct! a) Reward b) Legitimate c) Reflective d) Personal e) Coercive
a) Reward
The management theory that views workers as enjoying work, self-starters, and having a need to achieve and be recognized, etc., is: a) Theory Y b) Theory X c) scientific management d) Theory Z
a) Theory Y
Which is true regarding size of teams? a) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines. b) The most effective teams have 12 to 15 members. c) As team size increases, social loafing decreases. d) Members of large teams coordinate work better when pressed for time. e) When teams have excess members, mutual accountability increases.
a) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines.
A smell that brings back memories of a certain time and place is an example of a) classical conditioning b) association conditioning c) sensory conditioning d) operant conditioning
a) classical conditioning
Which of the following types of power is most likely to be negatively related to employee satisfaction and commitment? a) coercive power b) legitimate power c) expert power d) reward power e) referent power
a) coercive power
Which terminal value refers to a desirable end-states of existence? a) comfortable life b) politeness c) ambitious d) open minded
a) comfortable life
Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams? a) company reputation b) team efficacy c) member flexibility d) leadership and structure e) adequate resources
a) company reputation
Which of the following is an effective means of offsetting social loafing? a) ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified b) increasing the group's workload c) increasing employee benefits d) increasing the size of the group
a) ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified
According to Herzberg, employees are motivated by _________, not by _________. a) increased responsibility; money. b) money, recognition. c) pay; promotion. d) quality of supervision; job security.
a) increased responsibility; money.
The power tactic of using flattery and creating goodwill before making a request is known as ________. a) ingratiation b) motivational appeal c) inspirational appeal d) affective appeal e) consultation
a) ingratiation
An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job is called ________. a) job sharing b) flextime c) job rotation d) telecommuting e) gainsharing
a) job sharing
Joe is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which type of response represents his behavior? a) loyalty b) voice c) acceptance d) exit e) neglect
a) loyalty
Acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by the group's members are called a) norms. b) sanctions. c) regulations d) rules. e) opinions.
a) norms.
Which is a disadvantage of downward communication? a) one-way nature b) communication apprehension c) inferiority complex d) incomplete information e) fear of authority chain
a) one-way nature
Trait theories of leadership focus on the _________________. a) personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleaders b) special relationship that leaders establish with a small group of their followers c) way the leader makes decisions d) match between the leader's style and the situation. e) extent to which followers are willing and able to accomplish a specific task
a) personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleaders
Which should a manager use to minimize groupthink? a) seeking input from employees before the group leader gives his opinions. b) encouraging group leaders to develop a stronger sense of group identity. c) increasing the group size. d) asking the group members to first focus on the positives. e) preventing all team members from engaging in a critical evaluation of ideas at the beginning.
a) seeking input from employees before the group leader gives his opinions.
Your personal evaluation of your ability to perform is termed a) self-efficacy. b) equity. c) goal setting. d) self-fulfilling prophecy e) distributive justice.
a) self-efficacy.
When individuals engage in ________, they coast on the group's effort because their particular contributions cannot be identified. a) social loafing b) gainsharing c) process gains d) task conflicts e) retaliating
a) social loafing
Which of the following is true with regard to groups? a) An informal gathering cannot be considered a group. b) A group is characterized by the independence of its members. c) A group influences our emotional reactions. d) A group typically lacks definite roles and structures. e) The membership of a group does not affect how its members treat outsiders.
c) A group influences our emotional reactions.
Your colleagues at work are constantly talking about the vice president in your area. He is feared throughout the organization as a ruthless man who is not to be antagonized. It is necessary for you to bring him a report and you are very nervous about having to deal with him. The vice president's major base of power seems to be a) Referent b) Reward c) Coercive d) Expert
c) Coercive
A(n) s____________is a situation in which an employee must define right and wrong conduct. a) Principle b) Problem c) Ethical dilemma d) Argument
c) Ethical dilemma
________ is a formula-based group incentive plan that uses improvements in group productivity from one period to another to determine the total amount of money allocated. a) Piece-rate pay plan b) Profit-sharing c) Gainsharing d) Merit-based pay plan e) Employee stock ownership plan
c) Gainsharing
Your boss has been reading several books on leadership. You notice that every few months he is talking about a different approach. You have been trying to keep up with him and figure out which "leadership theory of the month" he is studying. This month your boss seems less concerned about the leaders than he is about the people who work for them and whether they are willing and able to do a task. He is most likely reading from which author (s)? a) Covey b) Maslow and Herzberg c) Hersey and Blanchard d) Blake and Mouton e) Fiedler
c) Hersey and Blanchard
Coined at Hewlett-Packard, ___________means that people should get out of their offices and learn from others in the organization through face-to-face dialogue. a) Lateral communication b) Lateral communications c) MBWA d) Knowledge management e) Grapevine
c) MBWA
Employees exhibiting which of the following features are more likely to engage in political behavior? a) external locus of control b) lack of organizational investment c) Machiavellian personality d) low self-monitoring e) low need for power
c) Machiavellian personality
The major contribution of the Asch study was to demonstrate the impact of: a) status on group performance b) non verbal communication. c) group pressures for conformity d) Abilene Paradox.
c) group pressures for conformity
Tom has worked with you for two years and is knowledgeable of the tool and die shop. He has become a source of information for other employees and is motivated. Next week, you will leave for a two-week vacation and need someone to watch the shop. What leadership style would you use? a) R3, participating, supporting, low task, high relations. b) R1, telling, directing, high task, low relations. c) R4, delegating, low task, low relations. d) R2, selling, coaching, high task, high relations.
c) R4, delegating, low task, low relations.
Which of the following is an example of downward communication? a) Harry is reporting the work to his supervisor. b) John and Jack, the production and the marketing managers, have met to discuss their budget constraints. c) Ray is holding his monthly meeting with his team to give them their monthly targets. d) Ben, an assembly line worker, is communicating some safety concerns to his manager. e) Laura has just sent a request for leave to his supervisor.
c) Ray is holding his monthly meeting with his team to give them their monthly targets.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity? a) If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, productivity will be low. b) If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be high. c) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high. d) The productivity of the group is affected by the performance norms but not by the cohesiveness of the group. e) When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are also low, productivity will be high.
c) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity? a) The productivity of the group is affected by the performance norms but not by the cohesiveness of the group. b) When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are also low, productivity will be high. c) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high. d) If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, productivity will be low. e) If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be high.
c) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.
McClelland's theory is based on which of the following needs? a) stability, growth, and security b) hygiene, control, and security c) achievement, power, and affiliation d) control, status, and self-actualization e) self-actualization, stability, and safety
c) achievement, power, and affiliation
Primary dependent variables on OB include: a) tardiness. b) absenteeism. c) all of the above. d) productivity. e) job satisfaction.
c) all of the above.
Astro Inc. is reorganizing and your new work group begins working together on Monday morning. Your college course in organizational behavior contained information about the stages of group development and your supervisor has asked your advice about the predictable stages of group development. You should warn your supervisor that in the first stage of group development, the team members will probably a) be their most productive. b) be a stage of conflict. c) be uncertain. d) focuses their group energy on performing the task.
c) be uncertain.
In the last one week, Mary and Jennifer have been putting in extra hours at work so that the project assigned to them by their manager is completed well within time. Though the manager was due to assigning two more people to this project, he had not done so. As a result, they were having to do double their routine workload and complained to the division manager. Mary was promptly suspended from work for complaining about her immediate supervisor. This represents the operation of ________ power. a) expert b) referent c) coercive d) legitimate e) reward
c) coercive
Your company has recently landed a contract to design and manufacture a new state-of-the-art electronic device for the military. This will be a very complex project, requiring many different types of skills. Which of the following types of teams is most suited for the project? a) self-managed b) virtual c) cross-functional d) problem-solving
c) cross-functional
According to the situational leadership theory, if followers are unable and unwilling to do a task, then a leader needs to ________. a) delegating/low task & low relations b) coaching/high task & high relationship orientation c) directing/high task & low relationship orientation d) supportive style/low task & high relations
c) directing/high task & low relationship orientation
According to the situational leadership theory, if followers are unable and unwilling to do a task, then a leader needs to ________. a) directing/demonstrate high task and low relationship orientation b) follow a supportive style c) directive/display high task and relationship orientation d) engage in participative leadership e) refrain from providing too many inputs
c) directive/display high task and relationship orientation
A(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects, taking risks, to bring about change. a) disturbance handler b) negotiator c) entrepreneur d) spokesperson e) resource allocator
c) entrepreneur
Which communication channel provides the highest information richness? a) online group discussions b) memos and letters c) face-to-face conversations d) e-mail e) voice mail
c) face-to-face conversations
Which of the following is a feature of servant leadership? a) use of power and authority to achieve organizational ends b) universal appeal and effectiveness across cultures c) focus on growth, development, and well-being of followers d) pursuit of the leader's self-interest
c) focus on growth, development, and well-being of followers
A company calculates the total production of each departmental division and compares with predetermined targets, and the rewards for each work unit of divisional employees. This is an example of a ________ plan to incentivize its employees. a) stock options b) profit-sharing c) gainsharing d) modular e) bonus
c) gainsharing
In general, large groups (a dozen or more people) are: a) most often used in large corporations. b) hardly ever used by good managers. c) good for gaining diverse input. d) usually efficient.
c) good for gaining diverse input.
Sonia is a corporate trainer. One of her favorite ways to start a training program is to present a case study and encourage members to think of the case in depth and discuss it amongst each other. Using the results of the activity, she understands the baseline measures of the group's functioning. During one of her recent sessions, she observed that the group came to a consensus very quickly. However, when asked to present their views, the team members were not too confident and appeared to be under an illusion of unanimity. From this scenario, we can say that this group experienced ________. a) diversity b) role conflict c) groupthink d) groupshift e) multiple roles
c) groupthink
When Samantha meets Joe she is impressed with his professional responses, and articulation. She decides to hire him. She is guilty of what bias. a) stereotyping b) projection c) halo/horn effect d) contrast error
c) halo/horn effect
Organizational behavior is best described by which of the statements below: a) does none of the above. b) is more appropriate for people who work in computer science than in marketing. c) helps us to understand, predict, and influence the behaviors of others in organizational settings. d) accurately predicts how anyone will behave in any situation. e) originates mainly from models developed in chemistry and other natural sciences.
c) helps us to understand, predict, and influence the behaviors of others in organizational settings.
Janice and Shane are both senior software analysts. They have worked together on projects for six years and get along very well. Janice is anticipating the arrival of her first child and will not be able to work on a full-time basis in the future. Shane is contemplating opening his own business as a home media installation consultant and does not want to continue to work full time. They both need some income. Which of the following alternative job structures would be best for Janice and Shane? a) telecommuting b) job enlargement c) job sharing d) job enrichment e) job rotation
c) job sharing
A(n) ________ is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee, a protégé. a) intern b) supervisee c) mentor d) subordinate e) apprentice
c) mentor
Which of the following represents the acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members? a) dyads b) goals c) norms d) cliques e) status
c) norms
Which of the following are all forms of variable pay programs? a) profit-sharing, lump-sum bonuses, extended vacations b) wage incentive plans, flextime, piece-rate c) piece-rate, profit sharing, gainsharing d) retirement benefits, extended vacations, wage incentive plans
c) piece-rate, profit sharing, gainsharing
You are the first line supervisor for a group of employees who make green widgets. Their job is not terribly interesting or challenging and you have noticed that they are frequently tardy returning from their breaks. You have studied the concept of shaping and behavior modification and decide that you will try to apply it to this situation. You praise Allen for returning on time from break. This is an example of a) social learning. b) extinction. c) positive reinforcement. d) negative reinforcement.
c) positive reinforcement.
Filtering, selective perception, defensiveness, and language are all a) none of the above b) communication techniques. c) potential barriers to effective communication. d) necessary for effective communication.
c) potential barriers to effective communication.
Work groups of employees and supervisors who meet regularly to discuss their quality problems and recommend solutions is a form of participative management called a) cooperative groups. b) department teams. c) quality circles. d) evaluation teams.
c) quality circles.
According to the Big Five Model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________. a) distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. b) calm, self-confident, and secure. c) responsible, organized, and dependable. d) reserved, timid, and quiet. e) cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic.
c) responsible, organized, and dependable.
Since MBO works in an organization from the "top down" as well as from the "bottom up," a) the individuals are less likely to be recognized for their work. b) the organization's objectives will suffer. c) their unit's goals will be attained and the organization's overall objectives become a reality. d) employees are more likely to be compensated for their efforts.
c) their unit's goals will be attained and the organization's overall objectives become a reality.
Lauren, a high school teacher, wants her students to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the required results. Which method is she most likely to use? a) Call on students who never participate. b) Yell at students, telling them that they are not making good grades. c) Ask the students that always participate to allow the others to have a chance. d) Give students extra points each time that they contribute. e) Show what active participation should look like, at the beginning of class.
d) Give students extra points each time that they contribute.
Which statement is true about ethics and organizational political behavior? a) It is ethical when the organization makes a profit? b) It is ethical if upper management is also playing politics. c) No, it is never ethical under any circumstances. d) It is unethical if it puts the interests of the individual ahead of the interests of the organization.
d) It is unethical if it puts the interests of the individual ahead of the interests of the organization.
The Big Five Personality Model consists of all of the following but: a) Conscientiousness. b) Agreeableness c) Extraversion. d) Organization.
d) Organization.
________ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. a) Interpretation b) Stereotyping c) Selection d) Projection
d) Projection
_____ is an attribute of work teams which results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs. a) Energy b) Enthusiasm c) Initiative d) Synergy
d) Synergy
Which action best represents Kelly's high job involvement? a) Wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there b) Complains about her work to her colleagues. c) Shares the organization's vision. d) Takes part in team activities and takes additional job responsibilities. e) Dislikes the unethical practices at the company.
d) Takes part in team activities and takes additional job responsibilities.
According to the Herzberg's two-factor theory, ________. a) employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility. b) a hierarchy of needs exists within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant. c) achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation/ d) most employees inherently dislike work and must, therefore, be directed or even coerced into performing it e) aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction.
e) aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction.
Two leaders in your department are very different. John believes that he should guide and motivate by clarification of the roles and tasks of his subordinates. Alan feels that his role should be to provide individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation. Most of the workers believe that both leaders are well trained, but Alan has a special "spark" that employees feel when they work with him. That special "spark" that people notice when they work with Alan may be termed a) visionary b) transactional. c) empathy d) laissez-faire. e) charisma.
e) charisma.
Which of the following types of power is most likely to be negatively related to employee satisfaction and commitment? a) expert power b) reward power c) referent power d) legitimate power e) coercive power
e) coercive power
Beth received a memo from her boss. She is trying to interpret the meaning which is an example of _____. a) encoding b) feedback c) messaging d) communicating e) decoding.
e) decoding.
At Esco Retail, all employees are constantly driven to work hard. The company places maximum emphasis on high quality goods and high quality service to retain their edge in the retail industry. Employees may purchase company shares at below-market prices as a part of their benefits. This represents_____________. a) core-plus plans b) merit-based plans c) flexible benefits plans d) modular plans e) employee stock ownership plans
e) employee stock ownership plans
Which of the following communication channels provides the highest information richness? a) e-mail b) voice mail c) memos and letters d) online group discussions e) face-to-face conversations
e) face-to-face conversations
Which is true regarding gainsharing? a) does not distribute profits, only gains in profits. b) encourages social loafing. c) involves paying employees based on the number of new skills. d) Employees have a greater feeling of psychological ownership. e) focuses on productivity gains rather than profits.
e) focuses on productivity gains rather than profits.
Mark is relatively new to Xenon Corporation and wants to make sure that he makes a good impression on his coworkers and supervisor. He agrees with the supervisor's opinion most of the time and is always doing nice things for him. Mark makes sure that he associates with the "right" people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work. Mark is attempting to use: a) defensive behavior. b) unethical behavior. c) interdependence. d) his power base. e) impression management.
e) impression management.
Communication that takes place when the vice president of production communicates with the vice president of marketing. a) upward communication. b) downward communication. c) occupational communication. d) vertical communication. e) lateral communication.
e) lateral communication.
Adam experiences low morale and lack of motivation and feels frustrated that his job is restricted to repairing nuts and bolts on the car parts. He fears that he has no chances of advancing in his career as he cannot completely assemble a car. Which applies to his work? a) high span of control. b) high task complexity. c) low role definition. d) high task significance. e) low task identity.
e) low task identity.
According to Blake and Mouton, a leader with a 5, 5 leadership style can best be described as a(n) ____ type of leader. a) country club b) relationship oriented c) employee oriented d) laissez-faire e) middle of the road
e) middle of the road
Which is the stage of group development characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness? a) conforming b) relating c) bonding d) social e) norming
e) norming
John recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales. But ever since he joined he has turned the figures around. He has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. John has over the past 6 months managed to get the company to an all-time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes his personality? a) high in Machiavellianism. b) low self-monitor. c) low risk-taking person. d) narcissist. e) proactive personality.
e) proactive personality.
Joe has been working in the sales division for a large manufacturing company for four months. In this short period of time, Joe has learned that Mr. Hill, his manager, keeps increasing monthly targets significantly, and though each time the target appears unrealistic, Joe has been able to achieve them throughout the last four months. Mr. Lee's approach of leading his employees to work more efficiently by setting successively higher targets is an example of his ________ leadership. a) support-oriented b) person-oriented c) employee-oriented d) consideration-based e) production-oriented
e) production-oriented
Defining problems, looking at decision criteria, analyzing alternatives and coming up with a solution is what type of decision making? a) guess work b) intuitive c) organizational d) theoretical e) rational
e) rational
Mandy Moore often delegates work to a team. Recently she chose some fairly experienced employees to work on a high-priority project. Although she saw them early on having numerous meetings and working hard, but was shocked later to see how some team members did very little. This scenario shows ________. a) groupthink b) groupshift c) Abilene Paradox d) collective efficacy e) social loafing
e) social loafing
Group decision making has a disadvantage in the area of ________ when compared to individual decision making. a) diversity b) acceptance of final solutions c) creativity d) accuracy e) speed
e) speed
Maria has been working in the e-learning industry for over eight years. She is aware of the fact that in this industry, once an employee has learned his job, the work becomes fairly automatic and competence can be achieved rapidly. She has been noticing how in her team, this competence has come along with a lot of complacencies; the employees, though able, are unwilling to work hard. According to the situational leadership theory, to rectify this situation, Maria would benefit the most if she uses the ________ style of leadership. a) delegating b) none of the above c) coaching d) directive e) supportive
e) supportive
