psych test 2

object permanence

mothers kid sees her put a cookie under a napkin child knows its there but doesn't understand it

Gestalt

figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

classical conditioning

is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

John B. Watson

is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

an example of a reflex: an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment?

teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park learning something but not being taught

an example of observational learning?

achievement gap

persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

happens around are 2 and lasts till 7 use words and images to represent things but they aren't logical

preoperational

spontaneous recovery

the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred

a score food praise

Examples of positive reinforcement include _____________.

stranger anxiety

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

variable ratio

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

fixed interval

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

conditioned stimulus

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

extinction

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________. The routine extinct or goes away

letting up on the reins of a horse fastening a seat belt

Negative reinforcement is illustrated by ______________.

are suspicious of visitors

The Ache people in Northern Paraguay differ from Western culture in that they do all the following EXCEPT that they ______

Behaviors followed by consequences that are satisfying are more likely to be repeated

The law of effect states that ______________________.

it is better to take deep breaths or distract yourself

The prevalence of violent images in the media means ___________.

vestibular

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

rods

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.

What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrated about pattern perception?

The word "large" should be changed to the phrase "below average."*

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Children with FASD may have a large head size and abnormal facial features, poor judgment, poor impulse control, higher rates of ADHD, learning issues, and lower IQ scores.

The name "Erik Erikson" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the sexual nature of our development rather than its social nature.

Children begin to use language.

Which of the following does not occur during the concrete operational stage?

perception; sensation

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

a sublimiinal message

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________. like the strawberry bank thing in elementary school like when you are watching Shrek

abused

Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.

nxious, withdrawn, and unhappy

Children whose parents have an AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING style can be ________.

operant conditioning

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

ultraviolet

Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

A do-not-resuscitate order (DNR) can be part of an advance directive. A DNR is a request NOT to have Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) if your heart stops or if you stop breathing. Hospital staff try to help any patient whose heart has stopped or who has stopped breathing.

How can you respect the wishes of the dying patient?

Perception involves more than simply cobining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt.

How does the term Gestalt relate to the psychological study of perception?

you may live longer family members also receive emotional support you and family learn coping skills

If you were diagnosed with a terminal illness, why might you choose hospice care rather than traditional care in a hospital?

healthy and handsome adult

In "All the World's a Stage," poet and playwright William Shakespeare wrote that "One man in his time plays many parts." All the following belong to Shakespeare's seven ages EXCEPT

lens; fovea

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

umami and fat content

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

latent

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demoznstrate it like me learning I have a hard time learning until it is actually shown to me

congenital analgesia

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called?

developmental milestones

Specific normative events are also called ________.

accommodation

child sees apples thinks they are oranges

Children employ memory strategies. Children have a firm grasp of numbers. Children think logically about real events. around age 2

concrete operational stage