Management 300 Exam 2 Ch 9

long-term orientation

cultures with a ____-____ ______ stress the future more than the past or present.

positive affectivity

extraverted employees tend to be high in what's called _______ _______—a dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation. That tendency to experience positive moods across situations explains why extraverts tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.

Culture

is defined as the shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations. can be described as the personality of a society

THE BIG FIVE TAXONOMY

most adjectives are variations of five broad dimensions or "factors" that can be used to summarize our personalities. Those five personality dimensions include conscientiousness, agreeableness,neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion

negative affectivity

neuroticism is synonymous with ______ ______—a dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance. That tendency to experience negative moods explains why neurotic employees often experience lower levels of job satisfaction than their less neurotic counterparts.

Personality

refers to the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. ______ creates people's social reputations—the way they are perceived by friends, family, coworkers, and supervisors. _____ captures what people are like

Artistic

(RIASEC model) ______: enjoys entertaining and fascinating others using imagination. Tends to be original, independent, impulsive, and creative.

Social

(RIASEC model) ______: enjoys helping, serving, or assisting others. Tends to be helpful, inspiring, informative, and empathic.

Conventional

(RIASEC model) ______: enjoys organizing, counting, or regulating people or things. Tends to be careful, conservative, self-controlled, and structured.

Enterprising

(RIASEC model) ______: enjoys persuading, leading, or outperforming others. Tends to be energetic, sociable, ambitious, and risk-taking.(found in leadership roles, likes taking risks)

Realistic

(RIASEC model) ______: enjoys practical, hands-on, real-world tasks. Tends to be frank, practical, determined, and rugged.

communion striving

Agreeable people prioritize ______ ______, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality. Put differently, agreeable people focus on "getting along," not necessarily "getting ahead.

maximum performance

An employee's ability, in contrast, is a key driver of ______ ______, which reflects performance in brief, special circumstances that demand a person's best effort.

environment

An individuals personality traits are considered to be the result of her genes and her ___, which includes cultural values

status

Extraverted employees tend to value ____ striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality

RIASEC

Holland's ______ model suggests that interests can be summarized by six different personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional

culture

In order to explore similarities in _______, Project GLOBE groups countries together into country cluster such as Anglo, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.

locus of control

Neuroticism is also strongly related to _____ _____ ______, which reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or to the external environment. Neurotic people tend to hold an external ____ ___ ____, meaning that they often believe that the events that occur around them are driven by luck, chance, or fate. Less neurotic people tend to hold an internal ____ ____ ____, meaning that they believe that their own behavior dictates events

conscientiousness, motivation

Of the Big Five, ______ has the strongest effect on task performance, partly because conscientious employees have higher levels of ______ than other employees

Thinking and Feeling

According to the MBTI, people make decisions from two different perspectives

conscientious

________ people are dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering.

Investigative

(RIASEC model) ______: enjoys abstract, analytical, theory-oriented tasks. Tends to be analytical, intellectual, reserved, and scholarly.

accomplishment striving

Conscientious employees prioritize _________ ______, which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality have a built-in desire to finish work tasks, channel a high proportion of their efforts toward those tasks, and work harder and longer on task assignments.

moderate positive

Conscientiousness has a ______ _____ effect on job performance and organizational commitment.

affective and normative

Research has indicated that conscientious employees have higher levels of which types of commitment?

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

This instrument was originally created to test a theory of psychological types advanced by the noted psychologist Carl Jung. It evaluates individuals on the basis of four types of preferences: Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking and Judging.

differential reactivity

When simple things go wrong during the day, Anika "freaks out" and is certain that she can't cope with the situation, rather than trying to reason it out. Anika's reactions are an example of _____ ______

Veiled purpose tests

_____ _____ _____ do not reference dishonesty explicitly but instead assess more general personality traits that are associated with dishonest acts.

Clear purpose tests

_____ ______ _____ ask applicants about their attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs about the frequency of dishonesty, endorsements of common rationalizations for dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confessions of past dishonesty.

Interests

_____ are expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences for certain environments and activities. ______ reflect stable and enduring likes and dislikes that can explain why people are drawn toward some careers and away from others.

open

_____ people are curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.

Neurotic

_____ people are nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous

Sensing Intuition

______ (preferring clear and concrete facts and data) versus ______ (preferring hunches and speculations based on theory and imagination).

Thinking Feeling

_______ (approaching decisions with logic and critical analysis) versus ______(approaching decisions with an emphasis on others' needs and feelings).

Integrity tests

_______ _______, sometimes also called "honesty tests," are personality tests that focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors

Extraverted

_______ people are talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant (in contrast to introverts, who are quiet, shy, and reserved)

Agreeable

_______ people are warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous.

Judging Perceiving

_______(approaching tasks by planning and setting goals) versus _______ (preferring to have flexibility and spontaneity when performing tasks)

Extraversion Introversion

________ (being energized by people and social interactions) versus _______ (being energized by private time and reflection).

Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness)

collection of 170 researchers from 62 cultures who have studied 17,300 managers in 951 organizations since 1991. The main purpose of _____ _____ is to examine the impact of culture on the effectiveness of various leader attributes, behaviors, and practices. gender egalitarianism, assertiveness, future orientation, performance orientation, humane orientation

typical performance

conscientiousness is a key driver of what's referred to as _____ _____, which reflects performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks

ethnocentrism

defined as a propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong."

traits

defined as recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their environment. Adjectives such as "responsible," "easygoing," "polite," and "reserved" are examples of ____ that can be used to summarize someone's personality.

cultural values

shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture. You can think of _____ ______ as capturing what cultures are like. Adjectives such as "traditional," "informal," "risk averse," or "assertive" are all examples of values that can be used to summarize a nation's culture

RIASEC model

the personality model most often used to identify individuals career interests among different occupations is called ____ ____